Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de sódio na dieta de codornas japonesas na fase de postura. Foram utilizadas 360 codornas japonesas, com idade inicial de 120 dias, distribuídas em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos de acordo com o nível de sódio nas dietas, seis repetições e 10 aves por unidade experimental. Para formação das dietas experimentais foram adicionados à dieta basal 0,000%; 0,126%, 0,252%, 0,378%, 0,504% e 0,630% de sal comum em substituição ao material inerte, de forma a obter os níveis de 0,05%; 0,10%; 0,15%; 0,20%, 0,25% e 0,30% de sódio que constituíram os tratamentos, as dietas foram isoproteicas, isocalóricas e isocálcicas. O período experimental foi de 84 dias divididos em quatro períodos de 21 dias. Os parâmetros avaliados foram consumo de ração, taxa de postura, peso médio de ovos, massa de ovos, peso final e conversão alimentar por massa de ovos. Foi observado efeito quadrático para consumo de ração, taxa de postura, massa de ovos, peso final e conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e efeito linear para peso médio de ovos. O nível de sódio para codornas japonesas na fase de postura foi de 0,208%, referente a um consumo de 5,4g de sódio por dia. Sodium levels in food of Japanese quail in the laying phaseAbstract: Objective to evaluate the effect of different levels of sodium in the diet of Japanese quails. Were used 360 Japanese quail, with initial age of 120 days, distributed in a completely randomized block, with six treatments, six replications and 10 birds per experimental unit. For formation of experimental diets were added to basal diet 0,000%; 0,126%, 0,252%, 0,378%, 0,504% and 0,630% common salt in replacement of the inert material, in order to obtain levels of 0,05%; 0,10%; 0,15%; 0,20%, 0,25% and 0,30% sodium constituting the treatments, diets were isoproteics, isocaloric and isocalcium. The experimental period was 84 days divided into four periods of 21 days. The parameters evaluated were feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, final weight and feed conversion per egg mass. Was observed quadratic effect on feed intake, egg production, egg mass, final weight and feed conversion per egg mass and linear effect for egg weight. The sodium level for Japanese quails is 0,208% with respect to an intake of 5,4g of sodium per day.

Em feiras livres e supermercados uma ampla variedade de produtos alimentícios processados e in natura são comercializados, entre eles destacam-se frutas e hortaliças. Esses locais têm sido objeto de estudo devido as frequentes más condições higiênico-sanitárias das bancadas, dos utensílios, dos equipamentos e dos manipuladores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias da comercialização de frutas e hortaliças em feira livre e supermercados no município de Manhuaçu (MG), tendo como base as recomendações da RDC MS/Anvisa n° 216 de 2004 e a RDC MS/Anvisa n° 275 de 2002. Foi elaborado um questionário estruturado com questões abertas para entrevista com os manipuladores e questões fechadas (checklist) para observações de condições pontuais de higiene nos locais de venda. Foi verificado que tanto na feira livre como nos supermercados haviam diversas inadequações relacionadas às condições higiênico-sanitárias. Portanto, pode-se concluir que nenhum dos estabelecimentos atende a todos os itens avaliados, ressaltando-se a importância para o cumprimento das legislações que visam assegurar a disponibilização de alimentos seguros ao consumidor.Evaluation of the hygienic-sanitary conditions in the commercialization of fruits and vegetables in the city of Manhuaçu, Minas GeraisAbstract: On street markets and supermarkets a wide diversity of processed food products and “in natura” are marketed, among them stand out fruits and vegetables. These locations have been studied due to poor sanitary conditions of countertops, utensils, equipment and handlers. The objective of this study was to assess the sanitary conditions of marketing of fruits and vegetables in the city of Manhuaçu (MG), based on the recommendations of the RDC MS / ANVISA N°. 216 of 2004 and RDC N°. 275 2002. It has made an organized questionnaire containing open questions for interview and closed questions (checklist) to be observed about the hygiene conditions of the street markets and the supermarket. It was checked that both the street market and supermarkets had several inadequacies concerning the sanitary conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that no establishments cater to all items, emphasizing the importance for the fulfillment of laws aimed at ensuring the provision of safe food to consumers of safe food to consumers.

The sustainability of family farming properties goes through several stages, and can refer to the diversification of crops and agro-industrialization of primary products as two of them. To the extent that the farmer gets only deliver primary production to another agent in the production chain, it happens to come across challenges and barriers that previously did not know. Cooperatives of farmers present as an efficient alternative to assist producers in overcoming these difficulties. In this context it has been the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as tools and applications to creatively face one of the main bottlenecks of family agroindustrialization: marketing. The objective of this study was to contextualize the limits and potential of the use of ICT in organizational management, marketing, communication and marketing in a cooperative. Therefore, there was a case study of exploratory and qualitative, through participant observation and semi-structured questionnaire. The cooperative in question was using ICTs aiming perform tasks of daily life in a fast and effective way. However, the cooperative agribusinesses, there was a greater fragility of farmers, especially the dependence of children for the use of ICT, lack of commitment, dedication and habit. The managers of the cooperative have endeavored to improve the use of  ICT as well as to expand the use of these tools by their members, despite the difficulties faced, aiming not only better organization, but also reduced costs and increased marketing of the products.

The grape is one of the main fruits consumed in Brazil. Its cultivation has a bigger production in the “gaúcha” mountain rage, where the combination between weather and soil are favorable to the Isabel grape (Vitis Lambrusca). Despite various benefits offered by the grape, it can also cause risks to the health when ingested in an inadequate way. Therefore, the microbiological analysis of the grape shows the possible contamination, which is acquired since the plantation till the distribution to the consumer. The nowadays task aimed to evaluate the Isabel grape microbiologically, simulating the direct consumption in formal surroundings and fairs in the city of João Pessoa. The samples used in the analysis have been acquired from 11 random spots watching the main quality indicators of food: Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. A huge part of the samples were submitted contaminated, thus were inappropriate for human consumption. The task showed that the grapes ingestion without a proper sanitization can offer risks to the human health.

Objetivou-se descrever as percepções dos agricultores familiares de uma cooperativa agropecuária do Rio Grande do Sul sobre as implicações causadas pela mudança de sistema produtivo: da agricultura convencional para a produção agroecológica de alimentos. Para embasar o trabalho foram usadas as teorias da mudança, agroecologia, cooperativismo e agricultura familiar. O estudo classifica-se como uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com tratamento qualitativo dos dados, por meio da análise de conteúdo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os 39 agricultores. Observa-se que nas percepções individuais os assuntos mais referenciados foram: conhecimento, comunicação e planejamento; resistência e mudança; saúde e renda. O estudo demonstrou que a mudança de sistema produtivo é lenta, porém importante para os agricultores. Contudo, o comprometimento de todos na transição agroecológica foi essencial para o bom desempenho organizacional.

Central American mini cities are new urban typologies that can be identified as mixed-use projects with residential, commercial and entertainment spaces of private initiative. The novelty of this urban typology suggests an approach from the urban geography since it has not been previously investigated. This is the main objective of this epistemological review of the  approaches of urban typologies like gated communities, commercial centres and “Theme parks” to try to characterize the Central American mini cities. This bibliographic review is part of a doctoral thesis that addresses the issue specifically for the Costa Rican and Guatemalan cases. The bibliographic review was not intended to be exhaustive or thorough, but critical and  diagnostic. Six main themes are identified. These include discussions on the risk of simplifying the theory of urban typologies to the entire American continent. Also, several productions used a wide historical cut from the antiquity to the current trends. Another line is the search for the definition of city to adapt it to the current proposals of mini cities. There is also research on malls and theme parks that emulate mini cities. Another recurring theme is the constant reorganization of urban space and its constant dynamic character. Finally, gaps were identified in the theory of urban geography in Central America, specifically on the recent mini-cities. It is concluded by reflecting on the need to provide a specific analysis on mini cities as new  urban typologies in Central America.

Spanish American city should be studied from the elements that compose it, from its ancestor to its current complex urban morphology. One of the key elements of development and transformation of the city was its first establishment from that inherent in the approach space that ended up becoming an urban center with one key element: the square. This element of meaning of the colonial city and order of each urban area of the Spanish-American Foundation and such generality is common and has established itself as a pattern that is repeated in all population centers. The analysis of the typology of the square is crucial to understand its evolution and transformation not only as an independent element but also a part of the city that it composes, research focuses on consolidating and characterize the square as a “type” and its variables (shape, location, uses and inmediate context). Choose this space for analysis demonstrates the significance of that urban void within the current dense cities, the choice of these three centuries limits the exercise in finding parameters that one can compare and classificate as inheritance of the Spanish culture within the territory. This kind of typological studies demonstrate the importance of the formation of new urban centers that transformed forever the indigenous territory, and which are still essential in reading the city, whichcontinue its transformation through that pattern.

This paper aims to provide some core concepts, to take into account, to present proposals that help to define the use and organization of vulnerable areas against natural threats, this understood in the current context of the economic globalization, which strongly influences the territory planning. These elements will help to strengthen both the theoretical framework and the methodological development to contribute developing urban-regional policies that contribute with risk management. The hypothesis presented for the development of this article, argues that for the current dominant globalization phenomenon, we still can find loopholes where we can overcome the exclusive paradigm this model has established in favor of a territory planning that only caters to the interests of capital reproduction. From the rationale of the local development and from an endogenous position, especially regarding everything related with natural source risk management, we can present sustainable land planning models that consider the views of the affected communities vouching for the preservation of life and assets of the people that are directly involved.

The Chorotega region, in the pacific coast, has received strong investments from touristic industry since the 90s. Right now, the impact of residential tourism, the integrity for water sources, and the construction activities on fragile areas are the main concerns from government and population groups. The lack of land use planning, the difficulties on the implementation of a very complex legal framework and the weakness of local authorities are some of the causes. Additionally, the scarce participation of local population in planning and implementation of projects are also important components of the problem. In Costa Rica, the legal frame has been questioned on its effectiveness to guarantee the conservation of natural resources against the impact of tourism industry. The regulations on touristic activities expose several inconsistencies that facilitates the occupation of fragile zones and endanger natural resources.

The recreational park La Libertad, Pavas was born as a communal project carried out  for the Municipality of San José in 2013, winner of the First Contest “Innovative space for recreation and community coexistence” of MIVAH year 2015. It is currently in the stage of elaboration of constructive plans and permissions. The proposal seeks to rescue a community with social problems, such as La Libertad de Pavas, through the granting of a space where they can practice sports and encourage the recreation of its inhabitants. As a result, the project has a study of vegetation specific to this area, as well as its topography, where new activities such as bicicross, Skateboarding, football, recreation areas, fairgrounds and a series of trails were adapted; which give a new dynamic to the site. The new program of the proposal invites the community of Pavas to appropriate the park, presenting activities for different ages along the way.