Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

En el sector rural el crédito funge como un factor de inversión con un beneficio posterior, mismo que coadyuva en el proceso productivo y por ende al desarrollo y superación del mismo. Los recursos no siempre son suficientes, por lo cual los productores buscan alternativas para satisfacer sus necesidades económicas y personales. Por tal razón, esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los factores determinantes que intervienen en la probabilidad de que productores cañeros tengan un crédito comercial como una alternativa más de financiamiento. Así también realizar una comparación de resultados en modelo probit y logit de los factores determinantes del crédito comercial. La investigación se llevó a cabo como un estudio de caso de los productores cañeros afiliados a Padelma Sugar, S. P. R de R. L (Sociedad de Producción Rural de Responsabilidad Limitada) ubicada en Paso del Macho, Veracruz. En 2013 se realizó un estudio por muestreo probabilístico a 90 productores cañeros. Se estimó un modelo binario probit y logit donde el crédito comercial es la variable dependiente. Se concluyó que los factores edad del productor, años de escolaridad del productor y rendimiento de su cultivo, son variables estadísticamente significativas que influyen en la posibilidad de que el productor cañero tenga crédito comercial. Finalmente en la comparación de ambos modelos los resultados muestran consistencia con lo establecido teórica y estadísticamente, ya que se concluyó que efectivamente los efectos marginales son muy similares y las variables significativas que influyen en la probabilidad de crédito comercial en los productores cañeros son las mismas.

En este trabajo se evaluaron cinco híbridos trilíneales de maíz (Tsiri Puma 2, H-57 AE, H-47 AE, PUMA 1183 AEC1, Puma 1183 AEC2), en sus versiones androestéril y fértil, en dos fechas de siembra en cada una de dos localidades de Valles Altos. El objetivo fue definir la capacidad productiva de cada uno. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el ciclo primavera verano 2012, en el Campo Experimental Valle de México (CEVAMEX) y en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán (FESC). Los tratamientos en el estudio fueron: los híbridos trilineales, las versiones androestéril y fértil y los cuatro ambientes (resultado de las dos localidades y dos fechas de siembra). El análisis estadístico se efectuó en forma factorial considerando los factores híbridos, androesterilidad/ fertilidad, ambientes y las interacciones. Para rendimiento se observaron diferencias altamente significativas para ambientes, híbridos, así como la interacción ambientes x híbridos y significativas para híbridos x androesterilidad/ fértilidad, pero no para el factor androesterilidad/fertilidad ni tampoco las otras interacciones. Se concluyó que la localidad FESC-F2 (9 892 kg ha-1), fue superior estadísticamente a la media de los otros tres ambientes. El mayor rendimiento se obtuvo con el híbrido Tsiri Puma 2 con 8 930 kg ha-1, el menor fue Puma 1183 AEC1 (6 321 kg ha1). Se encontró que la media de la versión androesteril, considerando todos los genotipos y los cuatro ambientes, exhibió un rendimiento de 7 327 kg ha-1, similar estadísticamente al rendimiento de la versión fértil (7 294 kg ha-1).

La información sobre identif icación y diversidad morfológica de calabaza (Cucurbita spp.) es importante para su utilización, mejoramiento y conservación de esta especie. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la diversidad morfológica de especies de calabaza cultivadas en Nayarit. El trabajo de caracterización fue realizado en el ciclo primavera verano del 2012, bajo condiciones de temporal, en las localidades de Xalisco y Mexpan del estado de Nayarit. Se utilizaron 33 accesiones de cuatro especies las que fueron descritas con 43 descriptores morfológicos. El soporte estadísticocomprendióanálisisdecomponentesprincipales y de agrupamiento por el método de Ward. Los tres primeros componentes principales explicaron 53.3% de la variabilidad total; en el dendograma se formaron seis grupos con características morfológicas similares con distancia euclidiana de 0.06. Las características que contribuyeron en mayor medida a la explicación de la diversidad encontrada y que permitieron hacer distinciones entre especies fueron para: C. moschata, fue contrastante al resto de especies en tamaño de hoja, grosor y número de semillas, peso y ancho de fruto, C. argyrosperma en características y dimensiones del pedúnculo, ancho, longitud y peso de 100 semillas, C. ficifolia en color de la pulpa del fruto y C. pepo en peso y dimensiones del fruto y semilla con menores valores al expresado por las demás especies. Con este estudio se logró establecer la diversidad existente de las especies que se cultivan en el estado de Nayarit.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar un sistema de adquisición de datos meteorológicos en tiempo real utilizando un controlador lógico programable (PLC) como una alternativa dentro de las estaciones meteorológicas comerciales. Para sensar la: temperatura del aire, humedad relativa, radiación solar, precipitación, velocidad y dirección del viento, se usaron sensores comerciales, durante 2013, para probar la estación, en la estación meteorológica del Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo. El sistema se compone de un PLC (modelo CX1020, marca Beckhoff), una Laptop donde se instaló una aplicación de monitoreo en tiempo real que se desarrolló en Visual Basic 2010 Express y la base de datos en MySQL para almacenar la información, que se puede usar para fines diversos. La interacción entre el PLC y la aplicación de monitoreo se realizó mediante comunicación inalámbrica Wi-Fi. Se usaron los programas TwinCAT System Manager (para la configuración del hardware) y TwinCAT PLC Control (para la programación del PLC). Se evaluó el funcionamiento del sistema al realizar comparaciones de las lecturas obtenidas de los sensores, contra instrumentos de referencia y sensores de una estación meteorológica Campbell Scientific. Los resultados indican que es factible el uso del PLC en la implementación de estaciones meteorológicas.

The Jala race of maize ( Zea mays L.) is one of the most important in Mexico and has been cultivated for centuries in the Jala Valley, Nayarit, on an area currently no more than 30 ha, and its ear is recognized worldwide as the largest one (up to 60 cm in length), being an ecotype; however, due to severe “genetic erosion” a dramatic reduction in its cob and grain length has been observed. In order to contribute to its conservation and genetic improvement, we studied the productive potential and agronomic attributes, especially the cob length (LM) of Jala maize. We evaluated 14 populations: five collections of producers in the Jala region, seven semi-improved Jala populations, and two varietal hybrids with 50% of Jala germplasm as performance controls. The experiment was carried out under dry conditions in five localities: San José of Mojarras, Ixtlan del Río, Jala and Xalisco, in Nayarit, and Postgraduates College in the State of Mexico, in a randomized complete block experimental design with three repetitions. There was significance among populations and between localities for all variables; the interaction between localities and populations was significant for nine variables. Between localities the LMZ varied from 17.7 to 20.7 cm, and between populations of 17.1 to 20.8 cm. The highest grain yield was obtained by the P5 population and the A4 environment 18.6 t ha-1 and 10.9 t ha-1 , respectively. The P5 population had the highest LMZ, but none of the populations had the LMZ characteristic of the Jala race, so it is proposed to increase this by the recurrent selection of long ears. In contrast, populations and environments with high grain yield capacity were identified.

The population density is one of the main factors that contribute to increase grain yield in maize. The present work was established in 2013 in three localities of the center of the State of Mexico, Mexico to evaluate the yield of grain and its main components in ten maize cultivars in three population densities. The three trials were established in the field in an experimental design of complete random blocks with three replicates in a divided plot arrangement: in the large plots the population densities were distributed and in the girls the cultivars. There were significant differences ( p = 0.01 ) between cultivars in the 13 variables recorded, in population density, as were ear length, ear diameter, “olote” weight, grain weight per plant, and grain yield. An increase in population density decreased the number and weight of grain per plant but at 104 167 plants ha -1 the yield was 10.03 t ha-1 . The highest grain yield (10 t ha-1 ) was obtained with P204W, but this did not differ statistically from IC 2010, AS- MJ9082, H-40 and AS-723 The main components analysis explained 65.94% of the original total variation, in which a high correlation was observed between grain yield, grains per plant, prolificacy index and “olote” weight.

he work was carried out in the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Michoacán, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Estado de México, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Veracruz and Campeche in order to generate a relational database to know who the forest producers are, the basic characteristics of their productive system: scale, level of vertical integration, quantity and characteristics of timber and non-timber harvesting, as well as obtaining pertinent information that contributes to the decision making of the government sector, social and private. A comprehensive review of the timber harvesting permits and non-timber harvesting notices granted by the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) was carried out. The BD was supplemented by information from the National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR), the National Agrarian Registry (RAN), the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), and other institutions that manage information related to the forest sector. As a result, the BD identifies for each of the 12 states of the republic, the number of authorizations of use by entity and type and the characterization of the producers: forest producers of timber raw materials, non-timber forest producers and potential producers with capacity of processing and marketing. A digital coverage was generated using ArcGIS©, that allows to know the geographical location of the estates with timber production in each state of the republic contemplated in the study.

In 2013 wheat production in México depended on 4% of irrigation water; however, there is less availability of this resource. As a result, genetic improvement programs in irrigation areas usually evaluate grain yield and water use, but the effect of this factor on industrial quality is missing. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the industrial quality of wheat flour according to the number of irrigations. Ten commercial varieties were used and irrigations were applied at 0-35, 0-35-70, 0-35-70-105 and 0-35-70-105-125 days. The experimental design was of complete random blocks with two replicates with treatment arrangement in split plots. The experimental unit was four furrows of 3 m and a separation of 30 cm. The evaluated variables were hectoliter weight, grain hardness, protein content in flour, kneading time, mass strength, tenacity/ extensibility ratio and bread volume. By means of three irrigations the highest protein content in flour, strength of the dough and bread volume were obtained and decreased with four and five. Generally, by two, three and four irrigations the genotypes presented bread volumes greater than 800 mL, due to their mass strength greater than 350 * 10-4 J and tenacity/extensibility values lower than 1.2, while with five irrigations the majority of the genotypes showed bread volumes lower than 800 mL due to their lower protein content and mass strength. The above indicates that by managing the number of irrigations, the date of application and varieties it is possible to modify the industrial quality of wheat flour.

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (HMA) are a biological alternative to increase the absorption of phosphorus and reduce the excessive use of phosphate fertilizers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of phosphorus fertilization on avocado plants with and without mycorrhiza. A factorial design was used with two factors: mycorrhizal inoculant (with three levels: Rizofermic-UV, Pacispora scintillans and uninoculated) and fertilization with phosphorus (with five levels: without fertilizer, 20, 40, 80 and 160 ppm; using H2PO4 as fertilizer source), each treatment with four replicates. 401 days after inoculation, height, diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, growth rate, fresh and dry weight and percentage of mycorrhizal colonization were evaluated. Variables were analyzed using a Fisher’s test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. being considered significant. The treatment with 160 ppm caused the death of the plants at 150 days, while inoculated seedlings plus 20 ppm showed an increase in significant growth variables ( p < 0.05) with respect to the control. Both plants inoculated with Rizofermic-UV and P. scintillans showed a significant increase in growth variables with respect to the control ( p < 0.05). The plants inoculated with P. scintillans and also with a treatment of 20 ppm of phosphorus, promote the greatest increase in growth variables. Mycorrhization had positive and significant effects on the development of the inoculated plants compared to the control plants.

The sugarcane producers are constantly looking to reduce costs, increase productivity and yield. On the other hand, the prediction of the yield of the crops for a better planning of agricultural policies and food security in a globalized market economy is very important. The present investigation was carried out in the area of supply of Sugarmill Emiliano Zapata, in the state of Morelos, in an area of 10 664 ha, during the agricultural cycle 2009-2010. The objective of the study was to calibrate a methodology to estimate the yield of sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum ) based on the temporal analysis of vegetation indices of normalized diff erences (NDVI) and moisture stress indexes (MSI) obtained from Landsat- 7 ETM+ and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) estimated by calculating the variable Kc as a function of NDVI indexes and using reference evapotranspiration (ETo) obtained from meteorological stations. As a result of the study, relationships between the average values of the indices and the ETc were obtained, with the yield measured in the field in 23 control plots; with an R2 being 0.92, 0.77 and 0.85, respectively. From the best fit model, we estimated the average yield for the study area of 114.3 t ha-1 . The Secretariat of Agriculture Fisheries and Food; through the Agro-Food and Fisheries Information Service (SIAP), reported an average yield in Morelos for the year 2009 of 115.4 t ha-1 . This allows to know the effectiveness of the estimates made.