Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The cultivation of the onion in México represents great economic importance, in the year 2014 was established 48 170 ha. The emission of floral stem represents a serious problem of production since it diminishes the quality and the yield. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of growth phytoregulators on the reduction of the emission of floral stalk in onion. The experiment was developed during the autumn-winter cycle 2013-2014 in two localities (Magdalena and Caborca, Sonora). The products evaluated were: Apogee (Prohexadione Ca, 50 ppm), Cultar 25 SC (Paclobutrazol, 10 ppm), Ethrel (Etefon, 5000 ppm), Pix Plus (Mepiquat Chloride, two 42 ppm applications), Moddus 250 (Trinexapac -ethyl, two applications of 250 ppm) and Agromil V (1356 ppm). The application was done in foliar form with a volume of 500 L ha -1 for each treatment. In Magdalena, the results showed significant differences between the evaluated products in the emission of floral stem. The application of Ethrel and Pix Plus presented a positive response in the reduction of the floral stem with 10.5% against 30.7% of the control. On the other hand, Ethrel produced the highest yield with 61.8 t ha-1 . In Caborca there was no response to the application of growth regulators in the floral stem emission nor in commercial yield.

This article to analyzes the diffi culties faced by producers of hybrid maize seeds and varieties of CEVAMEX-INIFAP in the state of Tlaxcala, after 12 years of being adopter of this technology generated by the CEVAMEX. It is a sociological, exploratory and descriptive study where the experiences of the adoptive producers were the fundamental element. It an individual cases producers, companies and firms were considered, all producers improved maize seed. The objectives of this work they were: identify the level of adoption according to an indicator developed on purpose for this investigation. Describe the experiences of producers in the production and sale of seeds and identify the variables that drive or hinder the adoption process. Thematic interviews were conducted, focal type meetings and questionnaires were applied. The topics discussed were availability of basic and registered seed, agronomic management and sales market to get certified seed producers. The information collected was compared between the various techniques used in the fi eld of information. The results suggest that the experiences of producers are framed by oligopolistic conditions the corn seed market is imposing in recent years, on situation that influences their decision to continue or discontinue the adoption process.

The onion ( Allium cepa L.) is the second most important food vegetable worldwide after the tomato and generates numerous jobs. Likewise, the average yield in Sinaloa is low relative to other parts of Mexico and the world. In this research we sought to know the increase of the size and weight of the white onion bulb, from the moment of folding of the leaf until its harvest. The variety “Carta Blanca” (Nunhems) was used that is of short days. A simple random sampling was performed on a surface of three hectares. Three measurements were taken, with an interval of one week between them. Measurements started when the blade was folded. To perform the statistical analysis, the normality of the data was verified and the homogeneity test was performed. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean Tukey comparison ( p < 0.05) with the SAS statistical package. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to estimate economic viability. The results show that at the beginning of leaf bending, the average diameter of the equatorial bulb was 7.48 cm, after one week the bulbs were 8.02 cm (diff erence of 0.53 cm). In the second week the diff erence with respect to the beginning of the folded sheet was 0.78 cm. In addition, during the third week the onion bulbs have stopped growing, at the same time the leaves lose their green color. This shows that the translocation continues even after having reached the physiological maturity of the plant which is manifested by folding the leaf. The sensitivity analysis indicates that if the onions were sold at 4 pesos and harvested one week after folding the leaf, the extra benefit would be $17 903.78 with an amount of 100 thousand plants per hectare and up to $71 615.13 with 400 thousand plants. In addition, two weeks after the doubling, the gains would be $26 363.18 and $105 452.70 respectively.

In warm regions, such as the Sonora Desert areas, grapevine cultivation faces the problem of insuffi cient cold accumulation, a condition that causes vine varieties to grow late and irregularly. To solve this problem growers make use of budding promoters such as hydrogen cyanamide, which is applied immediately after pruning, in late december or early january. In order to determine the eff ect of increasing doses of hydrogen cyanamide on shoot buds and grape clusters production, several experimental tests were carried out during the production cycles of 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013 in vineyards commercial with the cultivar Perlette, irrigated with system pressurized drip type. The treatments evaluated were hydrogen cyanamide concentrations: 0, 1.25, 2.5 and 3.5% (p/v). To measure the eff ect of the treatments, the final bud and number of clusters per plant were recorded. Data collected from the variables considered were statistically analyzed by performing the Anova and separating averages using the Duncan test at 0.05. The results obtained indicate that hydrogen cyanamide at low concentrations stimulated the sprouting of the buds in the plants of vine in years with accumulation of contrasting cold hours, and that in years of low accumulation of the cold hours, the high doses reduced in form significant ( p ≥ 0.05) sprouting of the buds. On the other hand, the number of clusters per plant was reduced with high doses of cyanamide ( p ≥ 0.05) if the accumulation of cold was low; also, it was observed that this variable was closely related to the level of budding of the plants.

The chia is a grain appreciated for its high content of fatty acids, including omega 3 useful for counteracting triglycerides, similarly it is related to weight loss in humans, in pre-hispanic times was required as payment of tribute to the conquering peoples, their seeds were used as a revitalizer for combatants who went to war, and for women who were preparing for childbirth, their use today is common in the preparation of fresh water, in preparation of oil, and as an enricher of baked goods. Its production was lost as a result of the conquest as the Spanish brought new crops, which displaced that of the Chia, condemning it to plant only in very remote areas. Currently the cultivation of chia has had a rebound thanks to its properties, which have allowed to expand its consumption. As México is a place of origin, there are conditions that are conducive to the development of the crop, only the best places and the appropriate practices must be sought to be successful in the development of the crop. Taking into account the above, a bibliographic review was carried out, the objective of this work being to present future and current trends of chia.

In 2012, Mexico received the designation of origin (DO) for the state of Morelos rice, which was the result of a close and very long-term relationship between producers, federal and local government agencies, and researchers from the National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research (INIFAP)-Zacatepec Experimental Field. In particular, the constant communication between INIFAP producers and researchers allowed them to respond quickly to technical problems of production and facilitated the incorporation of constant technological innovations with direct effects on productivity and competitiveness. The contribution of this work will be the identification of the actors involved and their degree of participation in the conformation of the network that gave the final result, although not unique, the obtaining of the DO. As well as understanding how this linkage between actors, who are the relevant actors and who are the subsidiaries and in general identify the dynamics between the local actors. The tool used for the identification of the network, is known as analysis of social networks (ARS). The ARS was made from 15 semi-structured and in-depth interviews conducted in the state of Morelos between 2013 and 2015 to producers, government representatives, and researchers from INIFAP. It is concluded that the appellation of origin is the result of a series of endogenous and organizational processes that open new and wide possibilities to the members of the network.

Due to the importance that the moringa leaf has acquired, its production has increased significantly. Harvesting of the leaf is carried out without taking into account the possible variation in the chemical composition and biological activity of mixtures of leaves with di fferent origin. The objective of the present work was to explore the possible variation in the phenolic composition and the antioxidant capacity of collections in the state of Chiapas. The collection and analysis were carried out in 2014. The total phenols, tannins, phenolics, and the antioxidant capacity of ORAC and TEAC were determined in the leaf. Extensive ranges were found in total phenol content (2436.3-3749.9 mg EAG/100 g), condensed tannins (3.04- 39.57 mg EC/100 g), gallic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid and coumaric acid and the antioxidant capacity TEAC. A variation so high, allows to predict that mixtures of leaves of this species will present little uniformity in its composition and therefore, caution should be exercised when promoting mixtures of moringa leaf as of high nutraceutical value.

The eternal discussion of which method to use when initiating an investigation has not come to an end, since hard or exact sciences expose that scientific rigor must take a series of sequenced steps to accepting or not accepting a hypothesis, the philosophical sciences favor the use of tools and techniques based on ethnography to try to understand the phenomenon and the object of the investigation, because of this, this essay aims to help young researchers to be more clear in selecting their method of evaluation in one investigation, without being exclusive one method of the other, but rather complementary

The study was carried out to determine the effect of fertilizers of marine origin on the yield and quality of forage maize. The sowing was done in dry and four days after the first irrigation was applied: in total were four irrigations, distributed every 28-30 days, accumulating a lamina of 80 cm. The variables evaluated were: emergence, root development, vigor and plant height, and forage yield, green and dry. An experimental design randomized blocks with two treatments with 16 replications. The marine fertilizers caused significant differences ( p ≤ 0.05) between treatments regarding plant height, at least one sampling date, as well as green and dry fodder. In percentage terms plant height, fresh and dry forage plants receiving manure, recorded values of 12.8, 31.8 and 30.8% higher than the control plants treatment.

The aim of this study was to analyze the process of knowledge management and innovation in the chain of sheep in Villa Victoria, State of Mexico. Through participate diagnostically and network analysis information from 63 producers was analyzed to identify the problems and propose strategies implemented innovations and capacity building to increase the use of technologies. The results indicate that after the intervention of technical agent peer learning decreased, causing greater participation of technicians, one to increment in the density network and INAI in the categories of capacity building, health and nutrition. It is concluded that the intervention of technical agent articulated innovation network and increase using innovations.