Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

OBJECTIVE: to identify local organization strategies of peasant women for the conservation of Creole chickens. METHODOLOGY: informal dialogues were applied to 5 producers from the rural community of Hidalgo. The information collected was analyzed based on organizational self-management elements. Based on the proposals of three authors, the organizational elements to be considered at community level for the strengthening of the self-managed organization were analyzed. RESULTS: specific self-organization strategies are used by peasant women to conserve their Creole chickens because chickens were considered of great value due to their resistance to diseases and adaptation to local feeding and environmental conditions. Based on the results and the three-author reviewed, an analysis framework is proposed for the design of actions that strengthen the self-managed participation of women for their Creole poultry resource at the community level. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: It is necessary to study more in depth, the mechanisms of self-managed organization of women in rural communities for the conservation of their local resources. As a result, it will be possible to describe, in a more complex way, the functionality, potential, cooperation mechanisms, among other elements that strengthen its structure. CONCLUSION: Great potential is attributed to self-managing organization mechanisms as a way to conserve resources at the local and community level. KEY WORDS: poultry farming, self-organization, Creole chickens, rural community.

Objective: To evaluate biostimulants and cultural practices for floral induction in Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) to obtain production in the Winter season, which when it is offered with the highest price in the market. Design/methodology/approach: During the period from July to September, biostimulants and cultural practices were applied to six-year-old trees as treatments as follows: 1. Pruning only, 2. Pruning + urea, 3. Pruning + urea + ringing, 4. Pruning + biofol® + ringing. Additionally, in September, two treatments more were included: 5. Pruning + calcium prohexadione, and 6. Pruning + Citomax®. The design used was randomized blocks with four repetitions. The experimental unit was a lime tree. Flowering, yield, physical-chemical quality and cost-benefit ratio were evaluated. Results: The outstanding effect of pruning and the effect of nitrogen were confirmed with the foliar application of granulated urea (6.0 Kg ha-1) during the period from July to September, obtaining an average yield of 23 t ha-1 during harvest from December to March, with a B/C 2.5 ratio. The quality of the fruit was kept within the NMX-FF-077-1996 Mexican standard. Pruning + Citomax® (cytokinins) applied in September showed a yield of 30 t ha-1, with a B/C 3.1 ratio. Findings/conclusions: Pruning + nitrogen, and pruning + cytokinins are suggested to induce flowering and produce Persian lime with the best winter yields.

The objective was to evaluate the infestation with flies in grazing cattle, and its relationship with some behaviors (tail butting, head butting, kicking and rubbing) that alter animal welfare, through direct observation and use of photographs. At two times (7:00 and 14:00 h) the variables were measured on thirty naturally infested cows and randomly distributed in two treatments: TS: control without deworming and TD: chemically dewormed. The fly infestation were higher (P<0.001) in TS cows (483.7 flies/animal), they also, expressed with greater intensity (P<0.001) and frequency of upset behaviors: tail-tapping (10.84 movements/min), head-butting (1.66), kicking (0.51) and rubbing (0.33) in order to drive away the annoying contact and aggression of the ectoparasite. It is concluded that the greater the fly infestation, the movements that alter the welfare of the animals increase; however, more research is required to know the physiological welfare consequences that the infestation of this parasite implies.

Objective: To characterize the goat producers according to the industrial destinations of the milk to analyze the coordination mechanisms established in the agri-food chain. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was applied to 122 randomly selected goat producers. Considering 2 industrial destinations, a comparison was made in social-economic, productive and commercial terms, by means of “T” tests of independent means. The data were complemented by interviews with owners of collection centers and entrepreneurs who processed the milk to analyze the coordination mechanisms, Results: The producers had small herds, a basic level of studies and used family labor; the lack of organization for the sale limited them to participate in the coordination of the agri-food chain. The companies that processed the milk coordinated it by organizing the collection, commercial agreements, setting prices and establishing quality rules; generally with informal arrangements. Limitations/implications: State intervention is necessary to regulate the relationships between actors of the agri-food chain. Findings/conclusions: The informality of coordination mechanisms favors agribusiness and turns them into forms of domination that ensure their profitability.

Objective: Identify the weeds, presents in seed Banks, associated with the cultivation of habanero pepper in the Yucatan Peninsula and may be hosts of pests. Design/methodology/approach: Soil samples obtained from the plots established with habanero pepper. They were brought the greenhouse for the emergence and development of the present weeds for identification through images and with the support of herbarium. The floristic diversity was identified by means of indices. Symptomatic plants DNA was obtained to confirm the presence of begomovirus. Results: 31 families identified where the Asteraceae family stands out. The floristic composition in the three states was different; the dominant species were Amaranthus spinosus, Parthenium hysterophorus and Acmella oppositifolia for Campeche, Yucatan and Quintana Roo respectively. Yucatán was the state with the greatest diversity. Several species registered are recognized viral host. Limitation/implications: The seed Banks present constants variation from one cycle to another, which limits obtaining the total of the species present in the samples obtained. Conclusion: It is necessary to have the knowledge of present weed species to propose improvements in the technological packages and allow a sustainable management.

Objective: to determinate stability of alcohol-proof milk in cows with different feeding strategy in tropical dairy system. Design/methodology/approach: Ten cows crosses Holstein x Zebu with high frequency to alcohol-positive milk were housed in individual pens and distributed into two groups. Experiment 1. T1: cows were fed dry Pangola (Digitaria eriantha) grass; T2: cows were fed green Maralfalfa (Pennisetum violaceum) grass. Forage was provided at libitum. Experiment 2. T1 cows were supplemented with a higher crude protein percentage and metabolizable energy concentrated than T2, this was gradually increased to 4 kg. Milk was subjected to alcohol test. Analysis of variance was performed under categorical data models. Results: Higher percentages of alcohol positive test cases were observed in cows fed with dry grass than those fed with green grass (P<0.05). Addition of concentrate to dry or green forage diets reduced the positive percentage cases. Implications: A balanced diet improves milk stability. Findings/conclusions: The improvement in the nutritional contribution of the cows decrease the percentage of alcohol-positive test.

The content of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in milk and cheeses was determined, comparing the use of nitric acid and a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide (HNO3 + H2O2) in acid digestion. The milk was collected from storage tanks in localities of Huejotzingo and cheeses in Santa Ana Xalmimilulco, Huejotzingo, Puebla. Digestion was carried out in a CEM MarsX microwave. The determination was in an ICP OES. As it showed (p <0.01) when using HNO3 (0.13 mg kg-1) with respect to the mixture. The Cd, Zn and Pb showed (p <0.01), with the use of the mixture with respect to HNO3. The content of Cd, As, Cu and Cr in the cheese there was difference (p <0.01) when using HNO3 compared to the mixture. This shows that there is specificity for metal detection, with HNO3 being the most efficient

The objective of this research article is to know which are the sub-factors and efficiency variables in business that positively affect the competitiveness of lemon Agroindustries in Colima, Mexico. The present research is mixed, that is to say qualitative and quantitative, a questionnaire was used as an instrument to obtain information, with 33 questions with a scale from 1 to 6 and it was applied to nine companies, the theoretical approximation that was considered was the one used by the International Institute for Management Development (IMD), within the main results we can indicate that in total there are twenty-three variables and five sub-factors of the factor efficiency in the businesses that affect in a positive way in the competitiveness. The sub-factors and variables that affect a greater percentage of competitiveness of these are mainly given by the labor market and management sub-factors, within the limitations we can point out the economic aspects to be able to move to the municipality of Tecoman, where all the companies under study reside to interview the entrepreneurs and the time availability of these for the application of this. Finally, the main findings that are the variables that have a positive impact on competitiveness are the following The Lemon Agroindustries consider the satisfaction of the client very important, in the Lemon Agroindustries the questions of security and hygiene are approached in a suitable way, the social responsibility is high, to attract and to retain talents in the Lemon Agroindustries is a priority.

Objective: To evaluate the clonal behavior of arboreal Gmelina roxb from stakes obtained from mother plants in Southeast Mexico. Design: A three-treatment design with four completely randomized replicates was established, the treatments were 4000 ppm, 6000 ppm and 3000 ppm AIB concentrations. The variables evaluated are: percentage of rooting, days for root formation, type of stake, number of roots, cm of roots and absorbent hairs. The values measured in each variable were analyzed parametric ways using Statistix 9.0, Tukey test, ANDEVA. Results: In the analysis of variance (ANDEVA) significant factors were observed (Callus and No. of roots), in the same way it was observed an oscillation in the percentage of rooting 84% and 92%, regarding the number of roots and cm of roots there were significant differences in the presence of number of roots of the treatment 6000 ppm.  Conclusions: AIB concentration in rooting generates good results in different concentrations, according to the implemented stake, callus factors and number of roots were obtained significant records between treatments, favoring the acceleration of root presence.

Objective: To determine through econometric analysis which variables —inflation, real exchange rate, unemployment, and consumption— have a major impact on workers' wages and, therefore, on production. Design/Methodology/Approach: We developed a multiple linear regression model for the behavior of macroeconomic variables in Mexico from 1995 to 2018, using the ordinary least squares method (OLS) and the Gretl statistical package. Results: The analysis of the model showed that inflation, exchange rate, and unemployment are highly significant, unlike consumption. For the model of real wages in Mexico, we obtained a 0.87 coefficient of determination —i.e., the variables included in the model account for 87% of the wages’ behavior. The relation of consumption, unemployment, and inflation to wages was as expected. Regarding the exchange rate, the result was the opposite of the expectations. The wage-unemployment elasticity had the greatest impact. Study Limitations/Implications: The database used was the main limitation because it relies on official sources, which lack data and show inconsistencies. Findings/Conclusions: The study helped to determine whether or not the proposed variables affected the national economic growth. Mexico is not a first-world country than can offer high salaries; therefore, the Mexican economy must continue to grow, before it reaches a higher per capita income. In this regard, it is essential to consider the extent to which the new government’s proposals will be able to face the reality: very few and very low-quality jobs are created, despite what the official figures say.