Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

What have been the dynamics of progressive and conservative gender protests in Costa Rica? The objective of this research is to analyze the main trends in collective actions around the sexual, reproductive and civil rights agenda of women and sexually diverse people in Costa Rica during the period 2008-2020, paying special attention to the dynamics between actors who seek to advance this agenda, and those who seek to push it back. Through the use of the Protest Event Analysis (PEA) methodology, an outline of the gender protests, actors, repertoires of action, demands and demand instances in the period 2008-2020 is presented.

In 1926, the Republic of Panama celebrated the centenary of the Amphictyonic Congress convened a century earlier by Simón Bolívar to consider the future of inter-American relations. In a context of crisis of multilateralism born of the Great War, the young Panamanian state deployed the largest cultural diplomacy initiative of its independent life, consisting of major celebrations in honour of Bolívar and a commemorative Bolivarian Congress of Pan-American character, with delegates from all over the continent. Drawing on diplomatic archives and press clippings from various countries associated with the centenary, this article analyses the Congress as a unique observatory for the strategies deployed by Panama and a number of countries considered "weak", especially in Central America and the Caribbean, eager to put forward a genuine political agenda that challenged the hegemonic practices of the continent's great and middle powers.

This paper tackles the design and implementation of the medical cooperative model in Costa Rica between 1986-1990, through the decision-making process. It is argued that these cooperatives were created as a result of the state contraction process that limited institutional expansion, together with the climax of the concept of economic democracy and decision-makers exposure to international ties. In spite of institutional resilience to medical cooperatives, and the weaknesses of their design and implementation stage, this model has set in motion a hybrid social security trajectory, in which the incorporation of private providers mainly depends on decision makers’ interpretation of institutional unfeasibility.

In Colombia, in the last decades of the 19th Century, some policies of memories were institutionalized. These policies   recognized the commemoration of dates that are important part of the past of that country: July 20th, Independence of Colombia, November 11th, Independence of Cartagena, and November 28th in Panama. Those policies were due to the visión of nation that liberals as well as conservators attempted to carve out. They promoted national state project since the 60`s. This study emphasizes on the commemorations in the Estate or Department of Panama. The importance of november 28th is highlighted as a key day that reinforced the panamanian separatism during the ninetennth century. The unveiling and projects of monuments became another mechanism those policies of memory. Their promoters intended to remember the foundational Myth of Panama: World’s Transit Nation, and others to keep alive the memory of virtuous panamanians whose examples were to be followed. Some were materialized on spaces in Panama City and others were not undertaken.

This article traces the complex history of indigenous community mapping in Panama, proposing a general genealogy of the appropriation of the device. Mobilizing the conceptual framework of Science and Technology Studies (STS), it describes the successive sociotechnical transformations through which it passes and through them, characterizes the evolution of relations between indigenous peoples and different actors (State, scientific communities, NGOs) on the national, transnational scales. and overall. Beyond a technical history, the trajectories of community mapping in the country allow us to understand the gears of the political movement for the rights of indigenous peoples and their links with the global governance of the environment.

Digital routine, associated with the total spread of communication technologies, challenges the existing discursive practices. The genesis of new realities entails not only methodological, but also linguistic problems. In particular, traditional anthropological discourses that claimed to describe a person, define his essence, nature, position in space, etc., are called into question. Posthumanism tries to abandon the usual conceptual and terminological thesaurus (humanistic, anthropocentric) and re-poses the question of a person and his position in the world. Both traditional discourses and trendy posthumanism need philosophical reflection with the formulation of special questions inherent in it. The focus of attention of modern, digital anthropology is a person who has created a new reality and is transforming under the influence of the technological environment. Determining the spectrum and nature of these transformations is an interdisciplinary and, in particular, philosophical problem. The study of new realities requires a clear understanding of all possible directions of philosophical reflection and the possibilities of its conceptual contribution to the solution of anthropological problems. The purpose of the article is to identify potential productive areas of philosophical understanding of anthropological issues in the context of digital routine. The directions of philosophical conceptualization of anthropological issues in digital routine correlate with the scientific and philosophical structure (ontological, socio- philosophical, anthropological, axiological levels) and include specific cases of Internet Studies (practical and applied levels). The problem of value transformation in digital culture, the influence of Internet content on socializing mechanisms, modifications of cultural memory, scientific research, the problem of finding a new dimension of subjectivity, assessment of the opportunities and threats of the digital environment, the formation of digital literacy in the conditions of network capitalism, modification of traditional cultural practices are possible directions for interdisciplinary research and, in particular, philosophical practice that responds to the thinking and behavior of the new person.

The conceptions about technology have gone through different stages. We believed, with Rousseau, that technical progress transformed society away from virtue. We believed, with Ellul, that technology followed its own course without socio-political interference of any kind. Today some accept that technology responds to economic, social and political factors, among others. Technological facts are no longer seen as arising solely from the pure drive for efficiency; technology is on a par with cultural beliefs and values. The intention of this article is to show that in the history of technology an attitude of a cultural order is sometimes manifested: androcentrism. This attitude raises several questions about how technological development can be influenced by gender prejudice and discrimination. Thus, the concept of androcentric artifactuality is presented and the linkage of technological products with political and social biases is analyzed; biases that historically and still today affect technologies with the same familiarity.

This article presents an analysis of the ethical dilemmas created around intelligent autonomous systems, and more particularly around autonomous vehicles. The state of the art is studied from an interdisciplinary point of view. The challenges for the security of autonomous systems are pointed out, as well as the vulnerabilities affecting the resilience of autonomous systems with respect to external attacks. For this purpose, vehicle operation licensing is compared to the certification of autonomous systems. These concepts are applied to the case study of the first fatal accident caused by an autonomous vehicle in relation to the assignment of ethical and legal responsibility. Finally, the pending task of analyzing the relationship between the ethics of autonomous vehicles and game theory is addressed.

In recent years, Elon Musk has become an international reference of the innovation sector. Among his latest contributions we could find Neuralink, a neurotechnology company that many believe will be a milestone in the sector. However, the applications that it raises have worried academics and experts due to the great impact it can generate on society. This article has made a brief review of the state of the art of brain-machine interface technology, emphasizing the associated ethical implications, as well as the measures that are beginning to be taken for the development and responsible use of this technology.