Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Con la incorporación del «género» como motivo discriminatorio de la agravante del art. 22.4 del Código Penal (en adelante, CP) se produce un giro en la política criminal desarrollada hasta la época. Así, las agravaciones específicas se complementan con una agravante genérica que, si bien da respuesta a las demandas señaladas por amplios sectores, también fomenta numerosos debates doctrinales especialmente críticos con la problemática práctica que podría derivarse de esta modificación. En este texto, a partir de una revisión doctrinal, complementada con un análisis jurisprudencial, se pretende apoyar la incorporación de esta circunstancia, rechazando que existan problemas de aplicación que supongan la innecesariedad de la agravante. Por contra, se suscribe su existencia argumentando que puede dar una respuesta ante las constricciones penales actuales, que imposibilitan advertir las diferentes expresiones violentas como un todo, diferenciando indebidamente entre víctimas en función de la vinculación con el agresor y estimulando la reticente incomprensión de esta violencia.

En el presente trabajo se trata de aportar el sustento teórico necesario para determinar si es posible subsumir en los tipos penales de homicidio imprudente y denegación de asistencia sanitaria algunos de los hechos ocurridos en las residencias de ancianos durante la primera ola de la pandemia por COVID-19, a partir de un análisis de los datos que hoy por hoy pueden considerarse menos controvertidos, y teniendo en cuenta para ello los escasos pronunciamientos realizados al respecto por las resoluciones judiciales que se han dictado hasta el momento sobre dichos sucesos. Naturalmente, no se trata de propugnar la incoación de procesos prospectivos, sino de dilucidar si existen suficientes indicios para mantener que algunos de tales hechos pueden ser delictivos.

Al hilo de la reciente imputación por la justicia francesa de la multinacional Lafarge y tres de sus directivos por, entre otros delitos, complicidad en crímenes de guerra y contra la humanidad al haber negociado con DAESH, se estudia la complicidad en crímenes internacionales a la luz del Estatuto de Roma. Aunque no se reconoce la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas ante la Corte Penal Internacional, mediante este análisis se pretende realizar una primera fundamentación de la complicidad de estas empresas al negociar, con el único objetivo de continuar su normal producción, con distintos grupos en cuyo seno se cometen estos crímenes internacionales ya que esta práctica resulta ser un lugar común en cualquier conflicto armado.

En los últimos años han surgido iniciativas normativas que imponen obligaciones empresariales, bajo el auspicio del principio de diligencia debida, fundamentalmente en el contexto de las cadenas globales de suministro, tendentes a prevenir la presencia de formas contemporáneas de esclavitud. El presente documento pretende facilitar una aproximación desde el derecho internacional, el derecho de la Unión Europea y el derecho comparado a distintos modelos de implementación del principio de diligencia debida en las cadenas globales de suministro con el propósito de perfilar un diagnóstico sobre cuales son las propuestas más adecuadas.  

This paper analyzes Jordi Cuixart´s defense strategies during the special case 20907/2017 before spanish Supreme Court. The focus is made up from the work of Jacques Vergès and his distinction between rupture and collusion strategies, taking contributions from other sources that help to contextualize the analysis and understand the characterization of the justice as a political institution serving the established power, which is elementary to situate the work of Vergès and the behavior of Cuixart. It also has the aim of verifying the existence of political objectives that explain the defendant´s procedural behavior and the differencies that emerge between the instruction and the oral trial. Knowing those goals is useful to understand, on the one hand, the dichotomy between rupture and collusion over the basis of a current example; and on the other hand, the reasons that boost Cuixart, which helps to better understand the process and the scenarios that, after the trial, are appearing.

This work intends to analyze two ways to protect nature, on the one hand «right to nature» and on the other «rights of Nature». From the first model, nature is safeguarded by attributing certain rights to another entity, specifically the human being; from the second, Nature is recognized as a legal subject. Both positions imply different arguments and discussions, which operate in view of a certain type of protection, aims and positions. Taking into account the above, this work seeks to correct the following affirmation: the legal figure of nature as the holder of rights is an unresolved issue. It is a totally defined matter, it only depends on whether nature is recognized as active (Nature) or understood as a receptive object of action (nature).This work intends to analyze two ways to protect nature, on the one hand «right to nature» and on the other «rights of Nature». From the first model, nature is safeguarded by attributing certain rights to another entity, specifically the human being; from the second, Nature is recognized as a legal subject. Both positions imply different arguments and discussions, which operate in view of a certain type of protection, aims and positions. Taking into account the above, this work seeks to correct the following affirmation: the legal figure of nature as the holder of rights is an unresolved issue. It is a totally defined matter, it only depends on whether nature is recognized as active (Nature) or understood as a receptive object of action (nature).

The issue of unaccompanied minors is a controversial matter in many territories in Europe. Due to this, coordination between all existing administrations is necessary to ensure compliance with the law and protect the human rights of children and adolescents who, due to different circumstances, find themselves in a situation of helplessness. For this reason, despite everything that has been advanced, legislation must continue to be adjusted to meet the needs of today, since the migratory phenomenon of minors is more and more frequent.

The main purpose of this research is to contribute to the increasingly growing debate on the legal-political phenomenon called lawfare, with significant theoretical elements that enable both to recognize it and to distinguish it from other phenomena that bear similarity. In particular, the interest lies in analysing in depth the term, from its connection with the field of war at its start, its historical development, the transformation suffered by the term to house the products of the link between political power and the judicial power, until its constituent elements and their nature using methodological tools that allow to determine, from the discussion with the literature, whether or not there is a phenomenon that can be called lawfare.

This paper presents a basic and general overview of the concept of law. In this sense, it warns of the risks involved in a historical approach to its concept and focuses on the study of its contemporary manifestation. Along these lines, he sets out the normative and descriptive aspects of the law as a source of law around the ideas of constitutive rules of authorities, competences and procedures. On this basis, he stipulates a definition of law and points out its characteristic forms.

The University of the XXI Century is experiencing a moment of boiling and profound change. Social transformation is influencing the redefinition of the objectives of the University, its contents, its protagonists, its management and also the teaching and research methodology. What is taught, why, where, who teaches and to whom are some of the keys that offer answers to this metamorphosis of the Academy. Globalization, internationalization, digitalization, emigration and also the pandemic are factors that affect the metamorphosis of the University, in its goals and in its means, in people and in the material and structural instruments for its development.