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AbsatractIn April 1928 Hannes Meyer substituted Walter Gropius as the Director of the Bauhaus in Dessau and founded the architecture workshop where the project for a single-family house, Haus Nolden, was developed by Meyer collaborating with Hans Wittwer and Hans Volger. Although in Haus Nolden we find the language of modern architecture, simple volumes, flat roof, flat surfaces and horizontal windows, this language is not used here, as in Gropius´s houses at Dessau, as an exhibition of the possibilities of cubic architecture in a house of certain size. It only intends to be a direct response to the functional duplicity involved in the job, to make a public activity, Dr. Nolden´s office, coexist within a domestic building. A direct response to that particular program seems to be responsible for the final form of the building, characterized by the particular way in which both functions are articulated.Along with the utilitarian and material theories which marginalize the decorative and aesthetic function of architecture, pure functionality could enter the Bauhaus as the main criteria for the construction of form, although Haus Nolden were an isolated experiment without any continuity even within the School, as Mies van der Rohe would be appointed Director of the Bauhaus two years later, in 1930. But, although for a brief period of time, Hannes Meyer promoted in the architecture workshop of the School the montage procedures as a way to agglutinate the different building components, putting aside other criteria based on composition, proportions or even perspective.

ResumenHannes Meyer (Basilea, 1889-Crossifisso, 1954) fue un arquitecto tenso, con una trayectoria difícil bajo cuya aparente discontinuidad latió una profunda y tenaz búsqueda de la verdad arquitectónica, desde la razón y el compromiso social; una trayectoria que le llevó a cambiar de lugar e incluso de actitudes en las agitadas décadas de preguerra y revolución.El punto álgido en su trayectoria profesional y vital estuvo sin duda en sus años en la Bauhaus en Dessau, un año como maestro de Taller de Arquitectura (1927-1928) y, acto seguido, algo más de dos como Director (1928-1930). Aquellos años en la Bauhaus fueron una etapa decisiva en su compleja trayectoria, con contenidos y logros propios pero no autónoma, pues no se puede explicar sin lo que le precedió y motivó, ni se puede valorar plenamente sin mirar a sus efectos en el devenir profesional de Meyer. Hubo un inmediatamente antes, constructivista, sin el que Meyer no hubiese estado en la Bauhaus, y un inmediatamente después, de metamorfosis en la URSS seguido de experiencias posteriores, que sin la Bauhaus no hubiesen sido. Y aunque el foco mire a la Bauhaus, la imagen es más precisa si se la enmarca.

ResumenPodría decirse que el primer acercamiento juvenil de Hans Scharoun al expresionismo significaba ya la búsqueda de una alternativa estética y formal tanto a la tradición académica y clásica como a su secuela moderna ya bastante insinuada, la de la “Nueva objetividad”, y que así nació, pues, su carrera, apoyada en el expresionismo. De aquella época (años 1919-21) se conocen algunos dibujos sin función exacta y algunos concursos, como son el de la plaza de la catedral de Prenzlau (1920) y el del centro cultural Gelsenkirchen (1920), entre otros, que utilizaban un exacerbado eclecticismo de matices góticos exaltados y buscaban un nuevo lenguaje que parece seguir la senda de Bruno Taut.

AbstractIt could be said that the first approach by young Hans Scharoun to expressionism implied the search of an aesthetic and formal alternative both to the academic and classical tradition and to its modern sequel, the “New Objectivity “. And this is how his career was born; that is, supported by expressionism. From that time (1919-1921), some drawings without exact function and some competitions are well known, such as the square for the Cathedral in Prenzlau(1920) and the cultural center of Gelsenkirchen (1920), among others. In all these works Scharoun used an intense eclecticism of Gothic nuances and a new language that seemed to follow the path of Bruno Taut.

AbstractBauhaus School was undoubtedly the great umbrella of the leading representatives of artistic and architectural avant-garde in Germany. It was clearly the cultural epicenter of the western world, between 1919 and 1933 and a key institution for the understanding of modernity in european art. However, without impairing its decisive influence, it is debatable one of the merits attributed to this school: the radical novelty of his teaching program. Nearly four years before Gropius draft the founding manifesto of the school in April 1919, was already running another art school in Halle, which later would be named Burg Giebichenstein, which was a clear precedent to the educational objectives of the Bauhaus and its particular way of understanding the teaching of the arts as a collective creation around the architecture.

AbstractThis article outlines a possible link between the creative and vital endeavours of the composer John Cage and the architect Alejandro de la Sota. Many aspects suggest a connection between the trajectories of both authors. Ranging from the escape of personal expression or the use of chance in their work to their visions about education and innovation in their respective fields. Other uderlying connections are discussed that have to do with the relationship of both authors with Zen philosophy. Furthermore, the possibility of looking at two contemporary authors (Cage 1912-92, Sota 1913-96) who lived in completely different geographical, social, political and personal contexts adds interest to the study.

Whole Powder Milk ́s (WPM) international price is relevant in price to the local producer determination because it influences payment capacity of industry. It is expectable that this influence of international market on price to producer determination will increase in the future, associated with a larger export coefficient and larger export prices volatility. In the present paper it was attempted to probe the existence of a long run relationship between WPM international price and price to producer series, and to infer the price transmission coefficient. Additionally, it was attempted to verify the symmetry in price to producer adjustment according to international price moves up or down. It was found that both series are cointegrated and that price to producer adjustment is symmetric.

The work investigates the link between the size of the firm and its profitability, in 816 industrial manufacturing companies of Uruguay of 6 or more employees, for the period 2010 -1016. In addition to the size of the company, its profitability is affected by different variables. Therefore, in addition to investigating the relationship between size and profitability, the impact of other variables that may influence the profitability of the company was explored. The ROA was considered as indicator of profitability and two proxies of company size were used: the number of employees (SIZE 1) and the level of assets (SIZE 2). The two variables that were consideredas proxy for the SIZE variable were significant and related in a negative way with the ROA. The other variables that were studied were significant and with signs according to what was expected according to traditional economic theory. The methodological strategy followed was a modeling through panel data with estimation by fixed effects

The milk value chain is important in the agro-industrial sector in Argentina infunction of the relevant socioeconomic impacts that generates. The sustainability of primary producers, depends on the existence of positive benefits smoothed through the time. For this reason, it is of interest to study in depth the variables that affectthe function of benefits of producer, composed by the price perceived for the milk, the quantities produced and the production costs. The present work, after a brief characterization of the dairy at the global level and the Local dairy, will identify the variables that influence the price to the producer, and is then analyzed in detail whether the impact on the profits of the same is positive or negative.

The present work identifies the agricultural risks of the Ecuadorian cocoa sector during the 2002-2014 period, through an exploratory analysis. With the data provided by the Instituto Ecuatoriano de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC, 2015), the main threats of cocoa crop losses had been recognized: drought, floods, pests, diseases and others. These causes were related to the following agricultural risks: climatic risk, price risk, production process risk, financing risk and institutional risk. These risks resulted in losses of 289.795 hectares, representing USD 222 million. Current paper also describes the cases found by each type of risk and analyzes the Ecuadorian mitigation plan. Finally, in the conclusions section there is a proposal for further research and action plan to improve the agricultural risk management based on the studied period.