Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The loss of forests is one of the main environmental problems in Peru and in various parts of the world. The present work aims to calculate the forest cover by 2021 within the Leoncio Prado province, located in the Huánuco region, Peru. Sentinel-2 images were used, which were classified on the Google Earth Engine platform using the Random Forest artificial intelligence algorithm. Likewise, the thematic accuracy of the resulting classification was evaluated using high spatial resolution Planet images. As results, it was found that the study area includes 349,811.47 ha, which represents more than 70% of the total area, while the degraded and intervened areas add up to a total of 131,392.12 ha, which come mainly from the change in use of forest to agricultural areas. Regarding the metrics that evaluate the thematic accuracy of the classification, a value of 0.77 was found in the Kappa Index and 89.14% global accuracy. Therefore, it is concluded that the forest cover is the most predominant in the Leoncio Prado province, which was classified with high thematic accuracy.

Observations are reported on fourteen specimens of stranded cetaceans in the Lima and Callao regions, central coast of Peru, during September 2016 and July 2022. The species were identified as: Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781), Balaenoptera edeni Anderson, 1879, Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus 1758, Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray 1846, Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier, 1823, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) and Phocoena spinipinnis Burmeister 1865. The evidence of interaction of some of the cetaceans with fishing and details of each stranding are reported. The species with the most stranded specimens were P. spinipinnis and M. novaeangliae.

This study shows the results of an interdisciplinary investigation on the conservation of the Olive Ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea Eschscholtz, 1829), a species that is considered endangered according to the Mexican Standard (NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010). This study shows the way in which some national institutions interact with tourist activity on urban beaches on the Mexican Pacific coast, particularly the Mazatlan Aquarium in Sinaloa. This aquarium is a para-statal entity governed by the city council of the city-port of Mazatlan, whose protection program for the Olive Ridley turtle is nationally recognized. For this study, interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological perspectives were built between fields of marine biology and comprehensive social sciences. The results show that, during two decades, 11,359 nests have been protected; 1,059,658 eggs recovered; 869,854 turtles released and a survival rate of 81.68%, all of this in a space where different interests converge, such as urban beaches which allow, through environmental education, the establishment of a mentality of care and connection with nature (sustainable) in the new generations of local citizens and tourists who visit the destination, discouraging the economic exploitation of the species in favor of the capitalist tourist company.

The objective of this work was to describe the nesting behavior of the Andean hummingbird (Amazilia franciae Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846) and to classify the ecosystem services it provides in the peasant community of Yananyac, Huancavelica, Peru according to the evaluation of the Millennium Ecosystems of the United Nations. Monitoring of ten Andean hummingbird nests was carried out in the months of April and May 2021 in an agricultural area of ​​the peasant community of Yananyac. The nests were located between bushes and fruit-bearing plants, at an average height of 1.84 m. The nests were made with a base of dry leaves, cobwebs, lichens, feathers, flower stamens and seeds; covered with fibers, built mainly with the scales and trichomes of ferns, with an average depth of 18.4 mm. The eggs are white and oval in shape, measuring 7.44 mm wide and 12.3 mm long. The chicks presented different times of growth and development. The services provided by the Andean hummingbird according to the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment are regulation, support, provisioning and culture. The first being the most important due to the role that this species plays in the pollination of crops in the peasant community of Yananyac.

Hypnosis is a medical procedure that has accompanied man since primitive stages, and in the last 50 years its study and practice has gained more space within the field of Psychology. In the Psychiatry service of the Manuel Fajardo Rivero Hospital, Villa Clara, Cuba different diseases are treated through the use of this technique. Taking into account the results achieved in emotional disorders and the high incidence of adjustment disorders, where depression is one of the most frequent clinical syndromes, this research was aimed at conducting an explanatory study with a quantitative approach, with the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of multimodal treatment with hypnosis in the attenuation of the depressive state in adjustment disorders, in the period from January to October 2017. The sample was selected in a non-probabilistic, intentional way, being made up of 20 patients, in ages between 18 and 35 years old. Documentary review, clinical interview, Beck's inventory and the depression evaluation scale by specialists were used. The patients evaluated presented before starting the multimodal treatment a depressive state with a predominance of thought and somatic symptoms. After treatment, the initial depressive state was not confirmed. The main manifestations that formed a depressive state before starting treatment were greater in intensity and frequency than those present at the end of it, not presenting indicators of depressive nosological identity.

Oral cancer is a global health problem with increasing incidence and mortality rates, which is why screening programs have been implemented for the population in some countries. On the other hand, the presence of the most relevant risk factors for these diseases in the population of Manabi Province, Ecuador is recognized, especially the consumption of alcoholic beverages, smoking, high insolation, characteristic of the region as a protective factor of these pathologies. The objective of the work was to diagnose oral lesions in some localities of Portoviejo, Ecuador. An exploratory descriptive epidemiological study was carried out during the period 2013 to 2016. The study population in the first stage was the general population of the parishes of 18 de Octubre, Riochico, San Placido, Crucita, Colón, of the San Pablo sector, of the military fort Manabí, Ecuador, and the dental clinics of the Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo. The most relevant risk factors for the population studied were the consumption of alcoholic beverages, smoking, sun exposure and the use of ill-fitting prostheses. The diagnostic results of the studied population show leukoplakia with 29 cases and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity with nine cases. It is concluded that the high prevalence of lesions such as oral cancer found shows the importance of including the systematic examination of the oral cavity in dental practice, a fact that can drastically reduce the incidence and prevalence of oral cancer.

Information Technology (TIC) and Communication in Higher Education is an ideal way to develop the teaching-learning process. At the "Marta Abreu" Central University of Las Villas, Villa Clara, Cuba, the Moodle interactive platform is used to set up the Virtual Classrooms in support of the face-to-face modality. The subject "Physics Topics" in the initial training of Biology teachers at the Faculty of Pedagogical Sciences has been perfected since the 2017-2018 academic year, and is considered to enable greater interaction between the personal components of the teaching-learning process. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020 which caused Cuban universities to switch from face-to-face to non-face-to-face modality. A group of students who live in the city of Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, where the institution is located, were able to exchange directly with their teachers and students from the group in a work session on the first day of classes. The research was carried out in the 2021 academic year with the use of methods of: collection and processing of information. The participatory action research was carried out through the collection and processing of information. The results confirmed shortcomings such as: no preference for Physics, logistical, educational, socio-affective and technological difficulties. Technological resources for communication, academic work and storage were used. The information collected following the triangulation process showed acceptable and innovative results for teacher training at the present time.

The arahuana (arowana) Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Cuvier, 1829) is a very important resource for ornamental fishing activity in the Putumayo river basin, Loreto, Peru, having developed various studies around this species; however, studies on its reproductive biology are incipient. For this reason, the objective of this study was to describe a scale of gonadal maturity with microscopic support and to determine which is the main period of reproduction of the Arahuana resource in the Putumayo river basin. For this, a monthly biological monitoring was carried out from October 2015 to June 2017. A total of 874 samples were analyzed, obtained from the "El Estrecho" and "Huapapa" areas. The maturity scale was established from the microscopic analysis of gonads, identifying each phase of maturity in females and males from the degree of development and distribution of sexual cells, while the reproductive cycle was estimated from the analysis of the gonadosomatic index and spawning fraction. In addition, the sexual ratio was estimated and the somatic condition was evaluated from the condition factor. The gonadal maturity scale consisted of six phases, both for females and males, while the most important reproductive period was determined from December to March. Finally, the monthly sex ratio, in general, did not show significant differences and the somatic condition registered its highest values ​​prior to the months of reproduction.

The objective of the research work was to propose a teaching method that allowed the self-management of knowledge related to the zoology of invertebrates by the students of the 3rd year of the Bachelor of Education career, comparing in-person learning vs. those not in attendance. For the development of the research, information gathering and processing methods were used, which allowed us to verify the shortcomings in terms of the use and elaboration of this type of teaching medium, for the teaching-learning process from the non-face-to-face modality. The illustrations were made to correspond with the pedagogical and hygienic requirements, which contributed to the aesthetic education of the students and raised the interest in the didactic material. Suggestions and arguments made by different experts were taken into consideration, which were largely the basis for the realization of the work from the point of view of its methodological conception. The criteria offered by teachers and students once the album was implemented, in the teaching-learning process of Invertebrate Zoology in the academic year 2021, were also considered. The effectiveness of the developed teaching medium became evident, taking into consideration the results obtained by the students during the teaching-learning process of the subject. It is concluded that the topic addressed is important and coincides with the transformations that are taking place in the National Education System in Cuba in times of COVID-19.

The aim of the study was to propose a sustainability indicator for the environmental and ecological protection of aquatic systems. A random probabilistic sampling was carried out in the exposure area between the Espinar lagoon and the inner bay of Lake Titicaca, Puno, Perú, where various physical-chemical parameters (PFQ) were determined: dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, Cu+, Zn+, Pb+, Fe+, Cd+, Al+, Cl-, NO3- and NO2-. Under experimental conditions (water dilution: 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ml/1 L), the ecotoxicological effect was evaluated using the biomarker (Bm): reaction time and refuge capacity (TRCR) in Gambusia punctata (Poey, 1854). With the PFQ and the Bm, the sustainability indicator (ISPAEsa) was proposed, which considered five descriptors from a hermeneutic of environmental and ecological economics. For each descriptor, there were three weights (1.0, 0.75 and 0.50) according to the magnitude criteria: high, medium and low. ISPAEsa reported three intervals according to water quality: I) conserved environmental protection: (1.10-1.15; II) non-immediate environmental protection: 1.16-1.30; and III) immediate environmental protection: 1.31-1.50. 76.92% of the PFQ did not comply with the normative value. CRRT was less delayed in the more diluted treatment. The ISPAEsa was 1.4 where immediate environmental treatment is required. It is concluded that the sustainability indicator protects from the environmental and ecological aspects, since it is based on descriptors and biomarkers that allow the analysis of natural conditions.