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 Résumé : Cet article décrit une époque charnière dans l’histoire sociale et politique du négoce de la drogue au Mexique : les années 1980, temps de l’engouement irréfléchi, tous milieux socioéconomiques confondus, pour les trafiquants de drogue, et une période de grande transparence des accointances d’une partie de l’élite au sein du crime organisé. L’intérêt suscité par ses retombées financières se diffuse alors au sein de l’État comme en dehors, et des liens institutionnels se doublent de relations d’affaires, d’amitié, d’amour. L’essor du trafic de la cocaïne dans les années 1980 et les transformations sociales en lien avec la corruption qu’il engendra sont appréhendés à travers les cheminements biographiques de plusieurs protagonistes. Je défends l’idée que le mouvement vers l’autonomie des trafiquants de drogue remonte à cette époque et qu’il est corrélé à la densification du maillage des participations de près ou de loin à une activité qui devint alors plus que jamais collective.Mots-clés: Mondes du trafic de drogue. Société mexicaine. Ciudad Juárez.OS ANOS 1980 OU O TEMPO DA INOCÊNCIA: uma virada societal na história do trafico de droga no México Resumo: Este artigo descreve uma época crucial na história social e política do negócio da droga no México: os anos 1980, tempo de um entusiasmo insano pelos traficantes de droga, vivido por diversos meios socioeconômicos, e um período de grande transparência dos vínculos de uma parte da elite com o crime organizado. O interesse despertado pelos benefícios financeiros, decorrentes desse negócio, se difunde dentro e fora do Estado, e algumas relações institucionais vêm acompanhadas de relações comerciais, de amizade, de amor. A expansão do tráfico de cocaína nos anos 1980 e as transformações sociais ligadas à corrupção que ele produzira são apreendidas através dos percursos biográficos de diversos protagonistas. Defendemos a ideia de que o movimento de autonomização dos traficantes de droga data dessa época e que ele é correlacionado à densificação da rede das participações, diretas ou indiretas, em uma atividade que se torna, mais do que nunca, coletiva.Palavras-chave: Mundos do Tráfico de Drogas. Sociedade Mexicana. Cidade Juárez.THE 1980s OR THE AGE OF INNOCENCE: a societal turning point in the history of drug trafficking in Mexico Abstract: This article describes a key moment in the sociopolitical history of drug trafficking in Mexico: the 1980s, a decade of heedless enthusiasm for drug traffickers – regardless of socioeconomic background – and a time when sections of the social, economic, political elites and organized crime intermingled with great transparency. Interest in the trade’s financial benefits spread inside and outside of the state, and institutional links doubled as business ties, friendships, love affairs. The rise of cocaine trafficking in the 1980s and the social transformations brought about by the corruption it engendered are apprehended via the biographical journeys of several protagonists. The movement toward the autonomy of drug traffickers is traced back to this moment in time, and analyzed in correlation with the then growing network of participants, both direct and indirect, making drug trafficking an increasingly collective activity in Mexico.Keywords: Drug trafficking worlds. Mexican society. Ciudad Juárez.LOS AÑOS 1980 O EL TIEMPO DE LA INOCENCIA: un giro societal en la historia del tráfico de drogas en MéxicoResumen: Este artículo describe un momento clave en la historia social y política del negocio de las drogas en México: los años 1980. Fue la década del entusiasmo irreflexivo, en que participan todas las clases sociales, y cuando la interpenetración entre traficantes y una parte de la élite social, económica y política se da con mucha transparencia. El interés que sus repercusiones financieras despiertan se difunde tanto dentro como fuera del Estado, y a los vínculos institucionales se añaden asuntos de negocios y relaciones de amistad y amor. El auge del tráfico de cocaína en los años 1980 y las transformaciones sociales vinculadas con la corrupción generada por ese auge, son comprendidos a través de las secuencias biográficas de diversos protagonistas. Defendemos la idea de que el movimiento de autonomización de los traficantes de droga data de esa época y que está correlacionado con la densificación de la red de las participaciones, ya sea directa o indirectamente, en una actividad como nunca colectiva.Palabras clave: Mundos del tráfico de drogas. Sociedad mexicana. Ciudad Juárez.

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to comprehend some of the directions taken in the context of drug  policy  within  a  control  society,  presenting  and  problematizing  these  two  concepts.  For  that,  a political  program  was  analyzed  that  is  distinct  from  the  current  definitions  and  practices  found  until now. The  program  to  be  analyzed  is  the  “Programa  de  Braços  Abertos  (DBA)”,  which  was implemented  under  the  management  of  Fernando  Haddad,  between  2014  and  2016,  in  the  region  of “Cracolândia”, in São Paulo.This region is recognized by the political interventions with the hygienist and compulsory practices that go against individual freedoms. In order to understand the new vision and  action  brought  by  the  DBA  against  a  historical  repetition  of  managements  and  operations,  there was a reflection on biopolitics, the work of pastoral programs and the place of DBA within the set of drug  device  technologies.  At  this  point,  another  objective  developed  was  to  stablish  the  new ordinances of treatment models, such as Harm Reduction and Therapeutic Communities. Keywords: Drug Policy.Pastoral Programs.Harm Reduction.Therapeutic Communities.Cracolândia.De Braços Abertos.  

Abstract: This article presents the results of the ethnographic research developed with the cannabis movement of Colombia between the years 2013 and 2017. Firstly, it is shown how in that country, drug prohibition emerged as a sanitary, moral and economic arrangement to monopolize the production of medicines and poisons. It is argued that knowledge about the relationship between people and pharmakon, developed mainly by specialists in public security, political economy and psi  knowledge, systematically ignores the political agency of users and small drug producers. Secondly, searching the history of marijuana and its advocates, it describes the struggle to free the plant and get it back into the grounds of tolerated drunkenness, the medicine and industry. Keywords: Pharmakon. Marijuana. Prohibitionism.  

Abstract: In  Argentina,  the  official  drug  policy  during  thelast  two  decades,  with  a  few  exceptions, focused  on  the  substances  of  consumption  and  the  need  to  solve  the  problem  concerning  abstinence and   penalty   in   the   sanitary   and   in   the legislative   fields   respectively. This   contributed   to   a naturalization of the practices of social segregation, with the diffusion of discourses that legitimize the existence  of  "second-class  citizens".  Both  the  public  policies  and  the  main  institutions  linked  to  the topic "drugs" are based on a warlike logic that establishes the discrimination of users and contributes to  the  construction  of  a  threatening  social  alterity.  However,  beyond  the  voluntarism  of  some nongovernmental  organizations  and  the  progressive  discourse  of  one  part  of  the  political  class,  the paradigm generated in the 1990s under Menem ́s governmentcontinues conditioned to the approach of the topic “drugs”. Keywords: Drugs. Alterity. Citizenship. Public policy. Argentina.  

Abstract: In this text, we seek to indicate how the bearers of a religious ideology of medieval origin described the drunkenness of the indigenous peoples in the 18th century Amazon. We privileged the analysis of the accounts of the work “Tesouro Descoberto no Máximo Rio Amazonas” by the Portuguese Jesuit, João Daniel. Highlighting the contradictions and approximations established between, on the one hand, a colonization based on the production and commerce of drugs and Catholic food tradition based on wine and bread, and on the other hand, an ideology of abuse elaborated to account for the indigenous tradition of drinks ingestion and substances extracted from the forest. Keywords: Colonial Amazon. Drunkenness. Drugs. Missionaries.

Abstract:Since the early twentieth century to the present day, the prohibition of a collection of psychoactive  drugs  has  allowed  the  emergence  of  a  powerful  illicit  economy  in  the  world, occasioning  serious  political  and  social  consequences  in  Latin  America.  This  article  seeks  to present a brief analysis of prohibitionism in the Americas, in order to understand the historical-political process of creating the topic of "drugs" as a matter of public health, public security and also -since the 1970s, after declaration of the "war on drugs" by the United States -as a nationaland  regional  security  issue  that  mobilizes  armies,  police  and  economic  and  social  projects  of great impact on the continent. Keywords:Latin America. Drug Policy. Health. Safety.Drug Trafficking

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