ISSN: 2310-2799
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546,196 artículos
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
2594-0708, 1870-6924
Flores Salgado, Lucerito Ludmila; Yllanes Bautista, Gustavo
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Resumen
Ante los cambios más significativos en materia de Seguridad Pública, nuestro país se encuentra en un proceso de transformación, el cual requiere la actuación y colaboración no solo de las instituciones policiales, sino de la ciudadanía que padece la inseguridad. Los excesos en la actuación de los policías y por supuesto los niveles de impunidad representan un problema que debe analizarse desde diferentes aspectos, por lo que los retos a afrontar dependerán en mucho de la estabilidad que se pueda lograr al paso del tiempo donde los policías tendrán que ser más profesionales y humanos en el desempeño de su función.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
2594-0708, 1870-6924
García García, Edgar Pascual
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Resumen
Hablar sobre temas de política, economía, religión y cultura implica un sinfín de variables. La óptica con que se vea cada uno de estos temas no corresponde únicamente a una visión; por el contrario, una complejidad está inmersa en cada determinado contexto y en cada postura ideológica. De esta forma, se puede leer el nuevo libro de César Cansino: La Nueva Democracia en América; es un libro polémico pero con una profunda reflexión sobre el presente del país más controvertido del mundo y de la historia: Los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Pero, ¿cuál es la polémica de la que hablamos? De principio a fin, es la postura del autor, quien visualiza dentro de la política internacional actual una nueva transformación de la cultura norteamericana y un cambio de mentalidad en los habitantes de la nación más democrática del planeta. No cualquier autor se atrevería a argumentar lo que Cansino expone de manera abierta en su libro, pues lo que se lee no son ideas vagas u ocurrencias, sino conjeturas que invitan al análisis y a la crítica.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
2174-9221, 2174-3487
Peretó, Juli; Català, Jesús I.
Universitat de València
Resumen
A diferència del cas Galileu, l’església Catòlica ha gestionat amb discreció el pensament evolucionista i les obres de Charles Darwin. Entre els científics catòlics, hi trobem defensors d’un evolucionisme amanit amb remarcables excepcions relacionades amb l’origen diví de la vida i de l’espècie humana. L’entomòleg i jesuïta Erich Wasmann arribà a la conclusió que la teoria evolutiva podia donar explicació a les seues observacions sobre els mirmecòfils i adoptà un evolucionisme catòlicament matisat que Ernst Haeckel considerava fraudulent però molt perillós. El biòleg i jesuïta català Jaume Pujiula seguí l’obra de Wasmann tot i prenent posicions ideològiques més radicals que la de l’entomòleg austríac, com ara en invocar la necessitat indefugible de la intervenció d’un Déu personal durant la transició de la matèria inert a la vida.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
2174-9221, 2174-3487
Ruse, Michael
Universitat de València
Resumen
Agreeing that there are often strong connections between fields of science and the ideological convictions of those producing the science, this essay shows that the connections are often complex and rarely straightforward. Taking the example of evolutionary biology, by looking at three key figures – Herbert Spencer, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace – it is shown how very different social beliefs can lead to very different social conclusions being drawn from one’s science. It is argued that this message should be kept firmly in mind by those who today would draw social conclusions from science, for instance suggesting that Darwinian evolutionary biology leads straight to the social philosophy of the Third Reich. The truth is always far more complex.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
2174-9221, 2174-3487
Obiol Francés, Sandra; Villar Aguilés, Alícia
Universitat de València
Resumen
The general model for evaluating scientific production fits into the accountability system: a way of measuring scientific output which does not usually acknowledge the presence of gender imbalances in academic institutions. Here we take the need to rethink this system and the indicators it uses to measure productivity and scientific quality, as well as the social conditions in which these activities are measured, as a starting point. In particular, we urge the review of this system, considering the administration of caregiving to dependents, be they young or old, as an example, because it is an unresolved problem that affects scientific work as well as progress in gender equality in university institutions.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
2174-9221, 2174-3487
Roqué Rodríguez, Xavier
Universitat de València
Resumen
At the beginning of the atomic age, Francoist Spain launched an expensive project to develop, research and use nuclear energy. Scientists, the military and high-ranking officials in the administration mobilised to materialise a technoscientific dream with an international scope. The modernity of nuclear science contrasts with the reactionary ideology of the regime, but the paradox is only apparent because until now there has not necessarily been any historical relationship between science and democracy. The drive towards nuclear technoscience reveals the mutual construction of science and politics during the Cold War era and the different ways to appropriate and exploit the atom during the dictatorship.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
2174-9221, 2174-3487
Browne, Janet
Universitat de València
Resumen
This short paper critiques the idea of any coherent Darwinian ideology. Charles Darwin himself did not adopt any obvious ideology, except perhaps that of anti-slavery. However, his published work, and that of other evolutionists, led to the emergence of social Darwinism. Herbert Spencer’s role in fostering social Darwinism, and the rise of eugenics, are briefly described. The connection, if any, between the historical figure of Darwin and the social movement that bears his name is discussed. While Darwin’s On the origin of species or The descent of man can hardly account for all the racial stereotyping, nationalism, or political bigotry seen in the half century after his death, there can be no denying the impact of his work in providing an authoritative biological backing for eugenics, colonial belligerence, and western notions of racial superiority.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
2174-9221, 2174-3487
Gallego Morón, Nazareth
Universitat de València
Resumen
Statistics depict a university system that is not a space for equality – despite what we might expect of a meritocratic system. Women constitute a minority in positions of power and among high officials in university structures. This document analyses the possible causes in the decrease in women’s participation after defending their doctoral theses, a key moment that represents the start of the glass ceiling. It delves into the relationship between co-optation systems, male power networks, and the allocation of pre-doctoral grants.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
2174-9221, 2174-3487
Valls-Llobet, Carme
Universitat de València
Resumen
Women remained invisible in health sciences until the late twentieth century because they were not included in the cohorts used in researched studies. Thanks to the work done by different groups of feminist researchers, we were able to visualise the need to change those paradigms. But while gender perspectives have allowed us to research new aspects of science, gender has sometimes contributed to rendering female-specific health issues as invisible. For women to be treated equally, their differences have to be recognised, precisely so that the equal right of both sexes to quality of life can be defended. Therefore, the science of difference should be included in research and taught in all health science specialisations.
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Año:
2017
ISSN:
2174-9221, 2174-3487
Ball, Philip
Universitat de València
Resumen
Science is not «above» politics and ethics: it is intrinsically political, and constantly raises ethical dilemmas. The consequences of evading such issues were made particularly clear in the actions of scientists working in Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 40s. The accusation in 2006 that Dutch physicist Peter Debye was an opportunist who colluded with the Nazis reopened the debate about the conduct of physicists at that time. Here I consider what those events can tell us about the relationship of science and politics today. I argue that an insistence that science is an abstract, apolitical inquiry into nature is a myth that can leave it morally compromised and vulnerable to political manipulation.
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