Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of this study was to determine what types of positive activities are the most appropriate for a population of older people considering the specific ways of pursuing happiness at this stage of life. So, one intervention was performed based on gratitude and another based on optimism to try to determine if they have a differential effect on welfare measures and measures of the emotional state. The results obtained in this work indicated that an intervention in gratitude produces an improvement in anxiety and depression level’s, as well as an increase in the dimension of self-acceptance of psychological well-being. These effects were not obtained when the intervention was based on a training in optimism. In quality of life, no differences were found between the two types of intervention, although an increase in the values of this variable appears after finishing both interventions. The main value of this work is that it is a pioneering study in an area that begins to be perceived as very relevant. This area is focused on the knowledge about what type of positive activities are best adjusted for each type of population and which is the more suitable for achieving well-being and happiness.

In recent years there has been an increase in palliative care at home. This has mainly due to a lack of resources in the health system. In addition, we can see that the conditions of this care is increasingly complex due to the increased length of the terminally ill, the lack of information presented by informal caregivers and difficulty of care. The objective of this project is to provide information through instruments adapted to support informal caregivers of terminally ill patients to provide them with security and knowledge also to provide their care at home.  We searched several databases on the documents and palliative care focused on informal caregivers themselves. Subsequently it became a new literature search on the most common symptoms presented by the terminally ill. After reviewing all the information obtained initially this resulted in the development of a manual for informal caregivers, which includes the basics of palliative care. Secondly, the manual was made available through ICT to which a website is created: www.cuidadospaliativosweb.com. Finally the facts gathered are discussed and new lines of research to carers that can provide quality care and appropriate to the needs of caring for the sick are proposed.

At present, several factors intervene when it comes to approaching studies in a satisfactory manner among those that we find, global self-esteem, perceived social support, and general self-efficacy. The objective is to: Analyze the relationship between perceived social support, global self-esteem and general self-efficacy in health science students, as well as determine the level of perceived self-esteem. The sample consisted of a total of 187 students. For the collection of sociodemographic data of the participants, an ad hoc questionnaire was developed, as well as the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire, the Social Support Questionnaire and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. After conducting the study in a group of students in the field of health, a positive correlation was observed between the variables perceived social support, global self-esteem and general self-efficacy. Regarding perceived social support, global self-esteem and general self-efficacy, according to sex, no significant differences were observed. On the other hand, in the level of self-esteem perceived, in women a percentage with low self-esteem is perceived higher than that of men. After analyzing the results we can see that social support is positively related to self-esteem and self-efficacy in the group of students. Finally, the relationships established between the variables and their involvement in the design of interventions are discussed.

The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between sociodemographic aspects and the quality of life in retirees of the Mexican Institute of Social Security of Zacatecas, for this a correlational descriptive study was carried out in a sample of 140 retirees, 90 women and 50 men with an average age of 61.23 years. The WHOQOL-BREF WHO scale (Espinoza, Osorio, Torrejón, Lucas-Carrasco y Bunout, 2011) was used to measure Quality of Life, and a questionnaire with sociodemographic and psychosocial data was applied to obtain the profile of the population. Among the results, significant and negative correlations appear between the perception of Quality of Life and variables such as retirement age and physical activity. As well as significant differences in variables such as the presence of chronic diseases, physical activity, eating habits and type of housing. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the perception of quality of life in the sample of retirees is determined by sociodemographic aspects and health habits that are areas of opportunity in the understanding of the phenomenon and the establishment of strategies that favor the adaptation to the process of retirement.

Mood state (MS) is an element related to the perception of the welfare state and the health of the population (Fang et al., 2008; Glaser & Kiecolt-Glaser, 2005: Vázquez, Hervás, Rahona & Gómez, 2009). Investigations carried out by Alonso et al. (2013); Redd & Ones (2006) or among others, have revealed that people who perform physical activity (PA) have better MS. The main aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between PA, MS and population's gender. To this end, a descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 1002 subjects aged ?18 years. Sample was stratified by age, gender and municipal district quotas, with a confidence level of 95.5% (error 3.01). A personalized interview was conducted to complete a questionnaire about physical activity habits (based on Compass, 2000) and a questionnaire about mood states (CEA, of Arruza, Gil de Montes & Arribas, 2007). Results showed a greater presence of negative moods in women with respect to men. Significant gender differences were observed in the feelings of sadness, fatigue and annoyance. PA had a low magnitude postive correlation with positive MS and a negative correlation with negative MS (sadness and fatigue).

The purpose of this work was to validate the scale of gender stereotypes in sexual risk behavior in a population deprived of freedom (PDF). A total of 687 men with an average age of 26 belonging to a Social Rehabilitation Center of Mexico participated. They answered a scale of 20 items on gender stereotypes about sexual behavior; as well as 12 reagents of the scale of gender stereotypes of Rocha & Díaz-Loving (2005), in addition the psychometric properties are compared with university students of the original scale and the use of the condom in sexual relations was evaluated. The reagents were subjected to a factor analysis with varimax rotation, the internal consistency analysis and the convergent validity were obtained, finding suitable psychometric properties. With the validated scale, significant differences were found between those who use or not condom in their sexual relations, those who do not use it have more gender stereotypes. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of having valid and reliable instruments in PDF, as well as the influence of gender stereotypes on sexual behavior.

The mental illness can cause the person suffering from it a great dependence, preventing him from continuing autonomously with his life and provoking the need for help and care from other people. This care is assumed primarily by a close family member who is usually a woman and mother of the affected person. This situation causes an overload in the caregiver. The objective of the study is to know the level of overload and perceived health of a sample of 30 caregivers of people with severe mental deterioration and to check if there are differences, with respect to a series of variables such as the external support received, the help services used , the time and degree of dependence of the person cared for, among others. To evaluate the perceived health, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire was used; the Overload Scale of the caregiver of Zarit is used; and the Lawton and Brody Scale for the instrumental activities of daily life. The results show that more than half of the caregivers in the sample did not show perception of overload; however, the majority did claim to have perceived poor general health. Higher levels of overload correspond to the worst health perceptions.

Alcohol consumption is associated with numerous harmful consequences for health, as well as broad sequelae for society. According OECD data, Portugal was, in 2014, the 15th largest consumer in the European Union. For the alcohol consumption concurences beliefs, myths and preconceptions about their effects. This a mixed nature study, observational, transversal and analytical research-action. The objective was to identify a set of myths about alcohol consumption among the student population of basic and secondary education. It was carried out in schools in the Bajo Alentejo sub-region (Portugal), where data from the National Health Survey 2005-2006 indicate to a growth in the prevalence of alcohol users. A questionnaire was applied, obtaining 501 valid answers from students at the end of basic education and secondary education. The results reveal that many myths about alcohol consumption continue to be present among students, and there is a need to define and implement an intervention plan to prevent the consumption of alcoholic beverages, which makes it possible to clarify the students about the myths, since they are inducers of consumption by misconceptions.

The objective of this study is to perform a literature review of existing publications about grief in patients who died in the hospital. Material: a systematic search was carried out in Pubmed, Cuiden, Cochrane databases. Results: currently more than 80% of deaths occur in hospitals, so that relatives already suffer from the phases of grief in the Health Center. Dr. Kübler-Ross after a study with more than two hundred moribund patients established the stages of grief through which a patient passed after knowing a fatal diagnosis: denial, anger, negotiation, depression and acceptance. There are clear references that highlight the positive effects of integration and family involvement in the care of critical patients. Discussion: death is part of our work in hospitals without being indifferent to us. Many of the ethical dilemmas with which we find nurses are generated by various factors, and usually, we do not like to face those situations and we end up putting distance between, both physical and emotional. Studies show that with a nurse focused on improving communication with the families of a hospitalized patient, it can reduce the length of hospital stay and better manage the use of material resources.

The objective of this study was to get knowledge about the current psychological situation in caregivers of patients with dementia. Material: this is a review with a systematic search in the databases: Pubmed, ScienceJournal Direct and Medline. Results: Currently, the population is following a progressive aging process that leads to a higher incidence of associated diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases and in the case that concerns dementia. The fact that these diseases are increasingly diagnosed more frequently also means that more and more people are in charge of these patients. Most of the time the care of these patients is carried out at home with the consequent overload of the main caregiver, over the last few years the importance of the signs and symptoms presented together in these cases has become increasingly important to the point of calling them "second victims" and name a disease known as "caregiver syndrome" or "burnout." Discussion: Continuous care with overload has a physical and psychological repercussion on caregivers in the form of insomnia, isolation, chronic fatigue, lack of concentration, irritability, mood changes, altered appetite and psychiatric disorders being the most frequent the depression.