Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The purpose of this article was to present the most important aspects of intraregional trade of goods with the greatest dynamics in exports and imports of the department of Santander, in the period 2015-2020. The methodology implemented was based on the application of the indicators of commercial dynamics and competitive positioning provided by the Economic Commission for Latin America. Among the main findings, it can be highlighted that the United States was the main destination for Santander's exports within the T-MEC, in the 2015-2020 period. The energy mining sector was the one with the greatest export vocation. The department's export dynamics towards the T-MEC market was led by the tariff heading corresponding to crude petroleum oils, showing a high dependence on Santander's foreign trade in mining-energy products. Regarding imports, it was found that the United States is the main source of Santander's imports. The department's import dynamics was led by tariff items for agricultural products. The most important is that corresponding to yellow hard corn from the T-MEC countries.

The objective of the present piece of research is to reconstruct the way in which the labour reform of 2019 materialized, taking as referent the legitimation process of the workers collective agreement of the General Motors facilities located in the county of Silao Guanajuato, in Mexico. For this task it was necessary to present the antecedents that gave origin to the new labour regulation and the influence that the renegotiation of the USMCA had on it. Such change in the law meant modifying the corporate configuration of work relations that have maintained the Mexican precarious Toyota model of production. This study allowed to identify that the normative demands regarding trade union democracy and respect of freedom of assembly and association were not mechanically incorporated in the practice. Its operativity was subjected to structural pressures, subjective and experiential mediation, and the shaping of collective actions that disputed the control of the workers’ representation. The research followed a digital ethnographic strategy which was complemented with the analysis of official and secondary sources.

The objective of this research is to analyze the sociodemographic profile of elderly people in Colombia. The main source of information is constituted by the results of the Population and Housing Censuses, with emphasis on the one carried out in 2018. In the development of the research, levels, trends, and geographic inequalities of population aging in Colombia were analyzed. In the results, it was identified that one of the main transformations of the Colombian population structure is the process of feminization of advanced ages, driven by the greater life expectancy at birth of women. On the other hand, a clear differentiation of gender roles was found in households with an older population, in which most men are identified as heads of household and have a higher labor participation until advanced ages and women are their couples and take care of the home and its members. Likewise, it was found that participation in work activity is an option for older people with better economic conditions and access to pensions; while for those who accumulate greater economic disadvantages, it would not constitute an option but rather an obligation.

PROVITEC (Provivienda for Workers of the Education of Cauca) is constituted within the union ASOINCA (Association of Teachers and Education Workers of Cauca), by teachers and education workers linked to Popayán and the Department of Cauca in Colombia, after the 1983 earthquake. The following research article investigates its fruitful organizational trajectory marked by its protagonists and the collaborative and associative work, etc. Indicators of productivity increases are observed due to the union of wills and efforts (solidarity and cooperative work converted into productive force), which is directly applied to the welfare of the associates and/or cooperative members without private and individual appropriation of what has been invested and earned in the organization and its collective projects. According to the frameworks proposed by Creswell (1998) and Dussel (1999) in accordance with qualitative research, the research is built from a critical interpretative approach. Based on structured in-depth interviews and participant observation, their practices involving collective work are analyzed. The findings show that collective work, when carried out in daily activities, strengthens popular and solidarity economy organizations, providing greater cohesion and a sense of belonging in the struggle for their social, political and economic well-being.

University Social Responsibility is established as a management strategy in higher education institutions, to rethink theoretical postulates, indicators and criteria. RSU requires the participation of the actors of an educational organization, it is transversal to its activities and considering the expectations of the interested parties. Accounting has established itself as a valuable profession for the analysis, assurance and control of financial and non-financial information important for decision-making, with broad social trust based on academics and supported by professional practice. The objective of the article is to analyze the theoretical foundations on USR and link it with public accounting programs of the Mariana University (Colombia) and César Vallejo University (Peru). The methodology is located within the qualitative, descriptive paradigm, using the document review technique. As a conclusion, dimensions, sub-dimensions and components of the USR were identified based on the theoretical development to be integrated as articulating axes in the training of Public Accountants that allows a better interaction with the institutional environment and business partner, in such a way that their graduation profile correspond to the requirements of the contemporary world and become guarantors of social transformation and environmental care.

The purpose of this article is to endogenize the digital transformation in nature tourism SMEs in the department of Magdalena -Colombia, hereinafter referred to as a region, in this sense, the concept of endogenization as an evolutionary mechanism refers to the application of the model discrete choice mathematics as an analysis engine for the variables, which will be studied within the model. The type of study was quantitative, correlational level, the sample consisted of 386 agents of the tourist chain; For data collection, a survey-type instrument with five factors was used, the scale used licker type, for the extraction of the factors, the confirmatory factor analysis was used, using structural equations, then a discrete choice model was run and later the analysis Of the results, among the main findings are that SMEs in the tourism chain that tried to incorporate Big Data activities in decision-making processes have greater chances of success in the digital transformation, in addition, statistical evidence was found that sustains that The training of personnel in Data Science contributes significantly to the Marketing and commercialization processes within the SME in this region.

This study is focused on to identify the student's knowledge about franchise, applying a survey in a sample composed of students from all over Colombia, belonging to the National Unified Corporation of Higher Education (CUN), involving a study case. The research methodology comprehends a quantitative and exploratory design approach. Finding as a result that the students has a low knowledge about franchise model as an entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the participants have a predilection for learning about franchises from higher education institution, and, if they decided to invest in the franchise entrepreneurship, the selected sectors would be the technology and gastronomy. Finally, since the university is a space that encourages analysis and study from a cross-sectional perspective, it must offer options on the different forms of entrepreneurship, empowering the students to know the diversity to the entrepreneur's discourse.

This article is a prospective study of the wholesale and retail trade subsector in the Colombian-Ecuadorian border zone, specifically in the municipality of Ipiales, towards the year 2030. Its importance in the economic dynamics positions it as the main activity and source of employment generation; therefore, it is necessary to strengthen it by examining the influence of various indispensable factors in the present and its development in the future. Incidence factors are examined and converted into key variables by experts using the Mic Mac method; through the analysis of actors, the relations of convergence and divergence between them are ascertained and scenarios are developed using Morphological analysis. Finally, immediate, challenge and less urgent strategies are classified to be carried out, which, with their implementation, facilitate the fulfillment of the bet scenario. The aim is to redesign the value and supply chain, take advantage of the road infrastructure, participate directly with the production centers, strengthen associativity and the border trade cluster.

Now-a-days the use of the Internet allows for different activities that were previously performed in person, thus increasing the productivity and economic growth of countries. However, it is essential to have the necessary knowledge to associate its use with productive activities in society. This document investigates the effectiveness of the use of the Internet in the search for employment in the Ecuadorian labor market. The methodological design incorporates a discrete choice model that involves a treatment variable (job search method) and control variables (socioeconomic characteristics of individuals) to calculates the probability of finding work. The research uses microdata from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment (ENEMDU) collected by the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses of Ecuador (INEC) in the years 2018 and 2019. The main results suggest that the search for job opportunities through the internet increases the probability of finding employment by 3%. It is also found gender, educational levels, age, stratum and geographic location of the worker significantly impact the probability of finding employment.

The purpose of this research is to expose the advancement of the brand personality (BP) for strategic positioning purposes (SP) whose analysis involves tools, models, and economic sectors. The methodology used is a systematic review of the literature with an observation window from 2018 to 2021; the main findings show that correspondence analysis and perceptual mapping are tools that allow measuring SP. The main contributions were in the field of tourism, sports, education, automotive, international market, politics, retail, electronic commerce, personal hygiene products, port services, advertising, beverages, and journalism. The models that have emerged are the BCP, a model for athletes and the STPS model that allow improving the SP from the theory of BP, as well as innovative proposals using new tools such as emojis, indices, divergence table and text mining.