Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The methods most frequently used in the localization of plants are presented; the methodological concept and its importance in the design of process, applicable to plants derived from the sugar industry. These considering the financial uncertainty in demand and availability of raw materials.Of the methods proposed for the plant localization of plants, the transport method is proposed for its wide use and simplicity, such as the EXCEL SOLVER tool be accessible all users.The algorithms of problem of lineal programming mixed with integer is presented, applied to the localization of plants of derivate of sugar cane industry, ready to use in the evaluation of multiples alternatives in the process design.

This paper aims to determine the concentrations of heavy metals, specifically, arsenic, cadmium, copper, chromium, manganese, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc; in Auqui and Paria rivers in Ancash, Peru and compare it with the permissible maximum established limits by the World Health Organization (WHO) region.In order to obtain representative samples, a sampling plan in time and space was designed, that is, in each of the four (4) seasons (winter, spring, summer and fall) samples points were taken at five (5) (1000 m and 500 m upstream of the point of collection, the collection point at the entrance and exit of the treatment plant) in three (3) times (beginning, middle and end of the season). The response indicates that the Auqui River manganese concentration is above the maximum allowed limit (0,5 mg/L) and the Paria Riverthere is evidence that lead to think that heavy metal concentrations obtained are below the maximum limits allowed, indicating that water is suitable for human consumption.

The objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the yield of the maize crop against the current climatic variability. In this sense, plots were installed in each locality at the beginning of each agricultural season (October, November and December), with two densities, one at commercial density 80 x 60 cm and three plants per plot and at a low density of sowing per hybrid 3 Plants / m2, with an experimental area per plot (furrows, 4 for each density) in order to have the necessary material for the sampling to be carried out during the crop cycle; Evaluations, observations and measurements were made on the two central rows. The plots were irrigated and fertilized so that there was no water or nutritional deficiency.The ecotypes studied were Huaraz, Yungay, Chingas and Marcará, with the result that the ecotypes with the highest yield (kgrs) were, in the town of Canyasbamba, the ecotypes Huaraz, Chingas and Marcará, in the locality of Huaraz the ecotype Chingas and in the locality of Tingua the best behavior was generated by the ecotype Marcará.

In the present investigation the influence of the ambient temperature on biogas production was determined. This relationship is necessary to establish, depending on the ambient temperature of each locality in which time and just installed a biodigester charged will be full of biogas.This tubular biodigesters PVC geomembrane, 8 and 12 m3 total volume (1.27 m diameter and 6.7 to 10 m in length) were used, with 6 and 9 m3 working volume, respectively, occupied by the mixture of cattle manure: water in the ratio 1: 5. Biodigesters were installed at seven locations of Amazonas, San Martín and La Libertad regions - Peru; different temperature and height above sea level. At each site the hydraulic retention time (HRT), in days, required for the biodigester bell ball and extra storage are full of biogas was determined.Based on the results obtained, the height above sea level and the volume of the digester does not influence the HRT; only the ambient temperature (T) directly influences the HRT, whose relationship is represented by the equation: HRT = -44.705 ln (T) + 160.394.

The investigation is framed in the biometric measures the characterizations of the aguaymanto expended in the alley of Huaylas as well as its hygienization with ozonated water, and then standardized the chemical peeling with 2 percent of soda and temperatures of 80º and 85º with immersion times of 2 minutes.The peeled pulps of Aguaymanto were subjected to the syrups with sugar solutions and in solutions of bee honey of 35, 45.50 Brix, at temperatures of: 25 ° C, 30 ° C, 35 ° C and Immersion times: 150 min, 180 min, 210 min respectively, reaching a final humidity of 22 percent.The optimum parameters for Osmo dehydration of Aguaymanto in solutions of honey of Bee is using 50% of soluble solids at 35 ° C that in a period of 150 minutes reaches its balance, reason why it is possible to prolong the life of Aguaymanto by more of 30 days by the use of direct osmohydration without altering its shape or texture. The characteristics of sensorial quality that showed the products were of acceptable and of preference on the products traditionally offered in the market.The research carried out in the valley of Callejón de Huaylas in the provinces of Yungay and Carhuaz with peaches of the peach variety, sought other forms of transformation in the line of dehydrated products, using new technologies that allow energy saving as well producción con variables cuantificables sobreas maintenance of its nutritional qualities, functional organoleptic as is the dehydration in refracting window.The work used peaches of discarding taking advantage of its pulp usable arriving at the following conclusions arriving at the conclusions; the parameters of dehydration of the peach through the use of refractory window without using temperatures higher than 60 ° C report the following values: Mo: Initial solids moisture: 5,214 (mg H 2 O / mg ss) - Rc: Constant drying rate (Mg H 2 O) / (mm 2 x min) - Mc: Critical Humidity: 2.23 mg H2O / mg ss - Me: Equilibrium Humidity: 0.85 mg / mg ss. Values of the dehydration kinetics obtaining a drying rate of 0.011 (mg H 2 O) / (mm 2 x min), to maintain its characteristics, technological, nutritional, functional and sensorial.The optimum parameters for dewatering in a refractory window were 60 degrees Celsius in a time of 4 hours, the dimensions of the solid for dehydration through the refracting window were 40 mm long, 15 mm wide and 3 mm thick.The drying curves in the graph allowed to have a dehydrated peach of intermediate humidity with 40.43 percent of humidity, 59.57 percent of dry matter, 57.36 percent of sugar, acidity of 0.68 percent of malic acid, 2.47 percent of reducing sugars and a lower microbial load of 1.32 CFU / g. Discarding peaches were used without commercial value in quantities of 2 kilograms, 8 percent of 25 kilograms representing on average 36 units that dehydrated has a great commercial value.

In the present investigation it will benefit the rural population of the High Andean communities, that adopt biogas and biofertilizer as alternative energy and organic fertilizer, respectively; As they will have at their disposal an ecological fuel and organic fertilizer throughout the year, improving their quality of life.For this purpose, tubular biodigesters of PVC geomembrane of 8 and 12 m3 of total volume (1.27 m in diameter and 6.7 to 10 m in length) were used, with 6 and 9 m3 of working volume, respectively, occupied By the manure mixture of cattle: water in the proportion 1: 5. Biodigesters were installed in the Andean communities.Ancash. Peru. Based on the results obtained, at 38 days of loading the biodigester, the biogas produced reached a pressure of 10 cm of water throughout the system. For all this activity, it was required an operating time of the kitchen to biogas of two burners of 5 hours on average. Similar results were obtained in the evaluation of the biogas yield as fuel of a lamp adapted to operate to biogas.

The purpose of this study was to investigate adventure tourism in the Quillcayhuanca Gorge, located in the Cordillera Blanca within the Huascarán National Park near the city of Huaraz, and determine how this activity with its different modalities impacts natural resources such as soil, water, air and depredating flora and fauna.It is presented in detail the processing and analysis of the data using as an instrument the survey to the residents of the community of Unchus and its annex Llupa who are the people who know the place and are involved with adventure tourism in Quillcayhuanca. We also performed the direct observation technique and to corroborate the data we used the documentary analysis. The results indicate that adventure tourism (53.7%) is the predominant activity with more than 1500 tourists who visit it annually. The environmental impact is directly related to the activity. The type of adventure tourism that generates the greatest impact is Trekking, with 46.3% and more than 70% of tourists are foreigners.Natural resources are seriously affected. The soil is quite affected (61% consider it so), water with 17.5% and air with 16.9%, because of adventure tourism. At present, programs for the prevention and conservation of the environment in the Quebrada of Quillcayhuanca are insufficient, tourism services are neglected and tourism is scarce.Based on this study, a mitigation proposal has been developed, in which the main impacts generated by adventure tourism are identified, as well as the corrective measures to be implemented by the competent agencies and thus provide a better service to the tourist.

A drink was developed from sweet almonds (Prunus dulcis) using 3 factors at different levels: almond: water ratio (1: 3, 1: 4, 1: 5); percentage of soluble solids (7 and 10º Brix) and sterilization time (15 and 25 minutes). The beverages were subjected to a sensory analysis where the color, odor, taste and consistency were evaluated, for which a completely randomized block design (DBCA) with 50 untrained panelists was used; using a verbal hedonic scale with 7 points.The data was processed in the Statgraphics Centurión plus v.16 software. In this way, the optimized formula was determined (almond dilution: water of 1: 5, percentage of soluble solids of 10 ° Brix and a sterilization time of 25min at 121 ° C), which obtained a higher level of liking (average of 5.6 out of 7).To this treatment, the physicochemical, proximal chemical analysis, mineral analysis, and finally the commercial sterility analysis were carried out, guaranteeing that an innocuous beverage was obtained. Finally, a preference test was carried out for ordering with almond drinks from two commercial brands and with the formula optimized, observing that it presents a greater preference in terms of flavor, color and consistency.

Perú is considered a Megadiverse Country, because it has: 70% of the planet's biodiversity. It is estimated that it has 25,000 species of plants (10% of the world total), where we have the first place in potato varieties (3000 var.), Corn (55 breeds), tomato (15 wild species and 2 domesticated), peppers, Andean grains (quinoa, kiwicha, cañigua), tropical fruits, etc .; likewise a varied geography, soil science, geology, ecology, which in turn determines a broad biogeographical division, many ecological zones, great diversity of habitats, rich diversity of plants and animals with a high percentage of endemic flora and fauna; distributed with 8 Natural Regions: Costa or Chala, Yunga, Quechua, Suni or Jalca, Puna, Janca or Cordillera, Rupa Rupa or Selva Alta and Omagua or Selva Baja, with 84 of the 117 LIFE ZONES of the world (71.8% of the total world).We must also consider that 40% of the world's food has been domesticated in Peru, becoming the largest Genetic Center in the world.

La presente nota técnica tiene como objetivo fundamental presentar un análisis resumido de los principales aspectos socioeconómicos y culturales relacionados con cultivo del maíz, tanto en el ámbito mundial, como en el Perú, información que puede ser relevante para la toma de decisiones a nivel local, regional o nacional y al mismo tiempo puede servir de referencia para los distintos sectores del país vinculados con el cultivo, principalmente al sector académico.