Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

En estos años de crisis económica se justifica cualquier ajuste que afecte a la perspectiva laboral, y que suele ir en detrimento de los derechos laborales y, entre ellos, los de conciliación. En consecuencia con lo anterior, esto supone que las reformas laborales se han alejado de los temas de conciliación, que han pasado a un segundo plano. Incluso, en algunos casos, han supuesto un retroceso en el desarrollo de los derechos de conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar. Entre las distintas propuestas está la del establecimiento de la Renta Básica, el mínimo indispensable que cualquier persona debiera de recibir por ser ciudadano. Así, no sería descabellado pensar en la compatibilidad de esa renta básica con el empleo y como instrumento de igualdad, de promoción y apoyo de la conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar. Lo que se trata de estudiar es esa posibilidad del establecimiento de una cuantía mínima ciudadana de carácter existencial que pueda compaginarse con el empleo.In the wake of the present economic crisis, any structural measure affecting adversely the workers’ rights seems to be justified, and this is especially true in the case of Spain. In the present social, the unemployment is elevated and many proposals have been made to help the citizens combining work and family life. Among those proposals stands that of the “Basic income or citizen’s salary”, a minimum and vitally necessary income, granted by the government, that every person should be entitled to receive, just because he/she is a citizen. Of course, it would be unrealistic to think that such a “salary” would be feasible in the short or middle term. However, the work market is currently dominated by a pattern of short-term or part-time jobs, flexibility and instability, which prevents a real reconciliation. It would not be a crazy idea to make compatible a given part-time or “mini-job” with an income supplement, granted by the government and based on the inherent dignity of the citizen.

El estudio aborda la problemática de las ‘zonas grises’ del Derecho del Trabajo y su conexión con el fenómeno de la externalización empresarial y el trabajo autónomo. El enfoque del estudio es esencialmente jurisprudencial, y trata de poner de manifiesto que la flexibilidad de la jurisprudencia de indicios, si bien ha servido para dar concreción a las notas características de la relación laboral y adaptarlas a las nuevas realidades sociológicas, al mismo tiempo ha contribuido a empujar a los tribunales hacia una casuística que impide dar fiabilidad jurídica a dicha metodología de indicios. Existe un amplio repertorio de supuestos que ofrecen pocas dudas del carácter fraudulento de la expansión del trabajo autónomo, pero las prácticas de prestación de servicios de los autónomos son a veces más sutiles, lo que dificulta la fijación de una línea de separación entre fenómenos legales y fraudulentos, de lo que es demostrativa la doctrina judicial con la que ilustramos nuestro estudio.The study addresses the problem of the 'gray areas' of Labor Law and its connection with the phenomenon of business outsourcing and autonomous work. The focus of the study is essentially jurisprudential, and tries to show that the flexibility of the case law of indicia, although it has served to give concreteness to the characteristic notes of the labor relationship and adapt them to the new sociological realities, at the same time contributed to push the courts towards a casuistry that prevents giving legal reliability to said indications methodology. There is a wide repertoire of assumptions that offer little doubt of the fraudulent nature of the expansion of self-employment, but the self-employed service provision practices are sometimes more subtle, which makes it difficult to establish a line of separation between legal phenomena and fraudulent, of what is demonstrative judicial doctrine with which we illustrate our study.

Sara Mijares García

En este trabajo se analiza desde un punto de vista de la doctrina, tanto científica como judicial, la aplicación de los accidentes de trabajo, en concreto, el in itinere, en la nueva modalidad emergente de trabajo denominada teletrabajo. Es decir, si se tienen en cuenta las particularidades de esta nueva forma de trabajar en relación con el uso de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación así como el hecho de que la prestación del trabajo se realiza fuera del centro habitual de trabajo de la empresa, lleva a plantearse si estos teletrabajadores están fuera del ámbito del accidente de trabajo in itinere. Por ello, se estudia cuál es la posición de la doctrina, especialmente, la judicial teniendo en cuenta la ampliación y flexibilización que ha llevado a cabo del concepto de accidente in itinere.In this work it is analyzed, from a point of view of the doctrine, both scientific and judicial, the application of occupational accidents, in particular, in itinere, in the new emerging modality of work called teleworking. That is to say, if we take into account the particularities of this new way of working in relation to the use of new information and communication technologies, as well as the fact that the work is performed outside the usual work center of the company, leads to consider if these teleworkers are outside the scope of the work accident in itinere. For this reason, it is studied the position of the doctrine, especially the judicial one, taking into account the enlargement and flexibilization that it has carried out about the concept of accident in itinere.

ADAPT University Press

David Gutiérrez Colominas

Juan Manuel Moreno Díaz

This article presents the types of educational assistance for students with disabilities or educational needs in the university environment and the implications for the students’ professional training, according to results obtained through the FIDA Project Percepciones y realidades en la atención de las necesidades educativas: propuesta de desarrollo profesional y su implementación en la Universidad Nacional (código 0524-10) del año 2012 al 2015 [Perceptions and realities in addressing educational needs: professional development proposal, and its implementation in the Universidad Nacional) (code 0524-10) between 2012 and 2015)]. One hundred and ninety-one students participated in this study (76 men and 115 women), which were enrolled in different careers in several UNA Branches (Central, Brunca, and Chorotega), as well as 427 staff members (181 men, and 246 women). The methodology uses a qualitative approach; 15 workshops and 65 individual interviews were conducted with students to gather their observations. It was found that only some of the students received individual assistance (during and outside classes), and occasionally tutoring (in English, Mathematics and Chemistry) by academic staff of the institution in the Central Branch. For instance, more time is provided for them to take exams, during which they receive individual instructions; this is also done when they prepare research projects. One finding that stands out is that most students of UNA Regional Branches stated that their opinion is not taken into consideration by academic staff when determining and implementing adjustments in methodology or for evaluating the courses they receive. On the other hand, in the Central Branch, most members of the group of students with disabilities talk with academic staff about defining at least types of adjustment or educational assistance.

The following paper has the objective of enouncing the many ways third age people are conceived from the perspective of the ones that are out of this segment, including the others that belongs to it. In the same way, this paper refers to some laws, social programs and human guarantees that were created to benefit and protect that people in Mexico, and which have the purpose of identifying some indicators that might tell about those social activities related to them. Based on those elements and the Theory of Social Identities from Gilberto Gimenez, the main argument of this reflection, three analysis categories are foud (attributes, membership and biographical narrative) that allows to create a proposal that is called “Social Geroidentity”.

Argentina is experiencing a political and economic transition that in a few months show social impact of extreme worry. In clear contradiction with the commitments assumed by our country in the Beijing conference (1995), and after 20 years of its celebration, Argentine’s women as European’s, appear to face new setbacks in the conquered social rights and little prospect to make progress on outstanding debts of Democracy. Workers fired massively from state areas, closures of programs "Assistance to Victims of Domestic Violence", resource restrictions for sexual and reproductive health policies; and many social implications due to the economic policies  that capitalism implements in its neoliberal version, exacerbating the subordinate status of women because of their gender, class and geographical measures. As it is shown in Argentinian history and current European experience, especially in the popular sectors, on the economic crisis, women constitute the reserve army of labor that becomes available and flexible. Indeed, when the state ceases to assume functions related to its role as rights guarantor and social policies maker, women replace it and assume more responsibilities than usual, almost always related to health, nutrition and care, affecting their access and practice of their own human rights.