Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The present article has as its objective the proposition that between years 1927 and 1931 takes place a specialization of the investigation services, which was supported by the statement of different decrees and norms. These were supported by the structure stablished by Carabineros from the starting point of the fall of Ibáñez’s presidency in 1931. Therefore, this moment is situated as the first inflection process in the differentiation between these two institutions.

The police fusion of 1927, by the law No. 2.484, created Carabineros de Chile, an institution that until now is in charge of public order and security in the national territory. This new chilean police force was created in the context of the military regime of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, who concentrated power and increased political repression. Since then, the police discourses about improvement were displaced by the political urgencies. In this article, we analyze the first four years of the Carabineros de Chile, emphasizing the concepts of efficiency and police unity as discursive support for the police reform.

This article analyzes, from a political and regional perspective, the construction of the republican State in Aconcagua region from its protagonists: the dominant sectors. For this, the various strategies that the notables and their clients used to satisfy their interests were addressed, such as the formation of family networks, control of elections, justice and militias. It is revealed that during the period studied these strategies were key in the dissent that occurred throughout the province, a breeding ground and the main cause of the conservative triumph in the region after the civil war of 1829-1830.

The article studies the journalistic estrategies of three bulletins published by community organizations between 1982 and 1986. Initially, it analyzes the relationship between these communicational supports and the protest cycle against the dictatorship and their policies and,subsequently, their ability to participate in social, political and cultural networks. Through the use of methods of analysis of content and materiality of the press and cultural magazines, he mantains that the denunciation of the repression, the call for community organization and the dialogue with its audicendies made it possible for the bulletins to be considered a relevant political actor at the local level.

In the first two decades of the twentieth century, a number of perspectives on crime in the capital city Montevideo converged in what was seen as an accelerated growth of the issue. As part of that phenomenon, new forms of crime emerged as well, and they were denounced to be identified as more professional, meaning the nature of those crimes had changed. In this present article I propose to analyze a series of diagnoses that incorporated among their main concerns the understanding of those changes in delinquency. To do the above mentioned, I considered a group of texts developed in controlled and academic settings that provided an account of the mutations of crimes through different focus and emphases. Among those texts, I resorted mainly to the ones linked to the spaces of deprivation of liberty and the Montevideo Police. The work allows us to verify the importance which was attributed to the changes in the world of crime, understand its growth at that time and how they organized strategies to improve the effectiveness of crime control.

Based on the microhistorical analysis of a case of homicide by a juvenile in 1939, we will focus on the functioning and particularities of the scientific practices involved in the judicial research at Santiago’s Juvenile Court between 1929 and 1942 – first administrative period of the juvenile protection system in Chile. From a broad perspective of sciences, we will consider as scientific the four practices that were included as technical-scientific knowledge oriented towards the support of Santiago’s Juvenile Judge, Samuel Gajardo, since 1929: medicine, psychology, social service and pedagogy. We will examine the particularities of the juvenile justice installed in Chile at the end of the 1920s and, based on the analysis of the aforementioned case, we will analyze the implications of the scientific practices in this type of cases and other similar cases investigated by this court. It should be noted that in Chile there is no research based on primary sources about the functioning of the aforementioned scientific practices in the early days of juvenile justice, for which reason this study aims to open up, albeit partially, this field of research.

Reseña bibliográfica

Editorial 

El libro reseñado configura un espacio de confrontación con las visiones ochentistas de la "Nueva Izquierda, invirtiendo los procesos de agregación y desagregación que, por aquellos años, llevaron a limitar el concepto al ámbito exclusivo de las organizaciones armadas. Por el contrario, los autores de este volumen recuperan la riqueza y la variedad de manifestaciones antiautoritarias y emancipatorias de la etapa, incluyendo también las experiencias de lucha armada, pero añadiendo otras experiencias y miradas divergentes, hasta el mismo final del proceso.

This article analyzes the case of "uprising and looting by Chilean laborers in Carolina and Porvenir offices". These machine saltpeter works were located inside the ports of Pisagua and Junín (Province of Tarapaca), whose owners were predominant companies, Casa Gibbs Cª and Compañía Tarapaqueña Lafuente y Sobrino, respectively. It is set out through a historiographical analysis of primary (press) and secondary (bibliography) sources that this would be one of the first indications of workers protest that the newspapers used to confuse with ordinary crime or with conflicts of nationalities. These rebellions were produced due to the arbitrary change of workers wages, supposedly a product of the economic crisis of 1867.