Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Through a hermeneutic reading of landscapes based on our own methodology, we present the mining town of La Zarza, located in Andévalo Occidental (Huelva), as a significant example of a colonial habitat. With subsoils, soils and flights granted in perpetuity to foreign mining companies, where the proximity and overlapping of uses between productive plots and housing allows us to understand this type of colonial and hybrid landscape, in which the existence and evolution of the urban nucleus will always be subordinated to the exploitable extension of the mining seams. The growth of extractive and productive territories determines the successive locations of the residential centres, so that their urban plans will evolve in line with the advances of those seams and the current needs of the labour force. After showing the physical-natural, territorial and perceptive keys that justify this type of paradigmatic mining colonization and presenting the specific case of La Zarza-Perrunal, we will demonstrate the colonial and dependent character of these implantations typical of mining productivist extractivims based on the aforementioned landscape reading of this urban centre, its mining cut and its surrounding areas.

Women of different Latin American nationalities lead a self-managed process, Breaking Barriers (Rompiendo Barreras), seeking for the recognition of their rights in the settlement of one of the largest slums in Chile, “Los Arenales”, with two thousand families, in the city of Antofagasta. For the right to the city, they are in search of an ideal environment and want to be part of its construction. This struggle is part of the challenges of today’s Chile: the emancipatory constitutional process; the beginning of a new and socially committed government; with high barriers to access to housing and land; and the high migratory flow, especially in the north of the country. After seven years of solidarity and intercultural organization, the conditions are in place to propose a process of social integration, for the production of a place to live in and for better housing conditions.

This monograph aims to discuss the role of migration in Latin American and Iberian Peninsula urban planning. In this way, investigating the transformations and urban processes from the lens of appropriations and mobilities developed by migratory flows -internal from the countryside to the city and international- allows us to reflect on the main forms of growth and revitalization of our cities and territories in a comparative way between the global south and the global north. In this sense, the classical conception of the territory is questioned as a mere container or scenario of social processes, and it is committed to thinking of migrants as agents that actively influence the configuration of the urban habitat.

Finite element models of the female biofidel were developed using a specific combination of segmentation with computed tomography and solid modeling tools capable of representing bone physiology and structural behavior. This biofidel finite element (FEM) model is used to evaluate the change in the physiological distribution of stress in the femoral prosthesis and to evaluate the new design criteria for biopsy. Biomimetics, biomechanics, and tissue engineering are three multidisciplinary fields that have been considered in this research to achieve the goal of improving the reliability of prosthetic implants. The authors took these studies to gather the untapped potential of such advanced materials and design technologies by developing finite models of Biofidel elements capable of correctly mimicking the biomechanical behavior of the femur. The new remodeling of the tetrahedral elements was performed in 3Matic looking for the congruence of the node at the bone-implant interfaces, where the material was defined for the new configuration of the finite elements. The evaluation of the mechanical properties was made taking into account the mechanical characteristics of the cortical and trabecular bone. For biomechanical integration of the implant, a custom material with an improved combination of strength and rigidity that matches the bone should be used. This greater biomechanical compatibility will avoid weakening the implant and increase lifespan, avoiding additional surgery for revision and allowing good biological integration (bone growth). Innovative biomimetic materials for tissue engineering based on hydrophilic polymers were developed by our research group and presented attractive physical, biological, and mechanical properties for biomedical applications. For use with metal prostheses, the authors have developed a hybrid biocompatible material, extremely biocompatible, based on hydrophilic chemicals and hydroxy-ethyl-methacrylate type. The structural metal composition of the new prostheses will be made of titanium alloys using additive technology based on melting thin layers of titanium powder (about 50 microns) on each other until the desired component is obtained (sandwich method). Then, the biomaterial and osteoconductive nanostructured material developed in our previous studies can cover the titanium structural prosthetic skeleton. These hybrid biological prostheses, which are made using synthetic materials capable of inducing the growth of biological networks and structural steel scaffolding, may favor the emergence of new classes of orthopedic hybrids in the medical field. The new hybrid bio-prosthesis could drastically reduce protection against stress while providing an advantageous improvement in the life of the prosthesis compared to traditional solutions. Recovering optimal joint functionality will improve the patient's quality of life, which perceives a significant reduction in the risk of the new surgery. The requirement to predict potential structural changes that could be induced by improper use of biologically compatible prostheses in bone structure and morphology has forced our studies to evaluate fictitious models that could be considered for efficient bone distribution and orthotropic behavior.

The aim of this study is to identify the difficulties faced by school principals working in disadvantaged schools in order to raise students with 21st century skills and to ensure the continuity of school success, and to examine the effect of the role of school principal on teacher and student success. The study group includes 10 school principals from primary schools located in disadvantaged regions of Istanbul. In the study, a phenomenological qualitative research design was used and the snowball sampling method, a purposeful sampling method, was employed. In order to achieve the aim of the study, participants were asked the following questions: 1. What kind of problems do you encounter in your school? 2. What methods do you use to deal with the problems? 3. How do you support your teachers who cannot cope with their problems? 4.How do you support troubled students to cope with their problems? Through the study, several problems faced by the principals emerged: financial constraints, lack of commitment to the school, socio-economic structure of the school environment, and the socio-cultural structure of the school environment. The study also shows that to address these problems, school principals lead teachers' professional knowledge by displaying "correct communication", "resilience", "flexibility and positive thinking", and they try to create a positive school climate. In addition, it was determined that principals’ approach problematic students caringly, gaining their trust and trying to find solutions to their problems. Such an approach creates positive changes in teachers’ and students' attitudes and behaviors toward the school and increases academic success. The main finding in this study is that school principals' experiences in dealing with difficulties can be a guide to other colleagues in how to deal with difficulties.

Today’s intensely competitive business is undergoing significant shifts, which render it a challenging environment to compete in. Production processes are evolving as customer demands change, which leads to greater variability. Firms must respond to changing environmental conditions to remain sustainable. Companies today look for ways to overcome their problems not only on their own but also with their supply chains. Reduced cost and improved performance are two significant benefits of supply chain management. Because companies can work together in the face of challenging market conditions throughout their supply chains, it makes sense for them to collaborate. When companies work together, they can collaborate to produce better-designed products and more efficient manufacturing processes. Learning, supply chain integration, and flexibility throughout the supply chain are critical to successful supply chain management. In this study, the effect of supply chain learning on supply chain integration and production flexibility has been investigated.  The mediating role of supply chain integration on the impact of supply-chain learning on production flexibility has been tested. For this purpose, survey data was collected from the 144 companies selected out of Turkey's largest exporting companies. The data were analyzed via structural equation modeling and process macro methods. As a result of the structural equation model analysis, it was found that supply chain learning significantly affects the chain’s integration and its production flexibility. As a result of the intermediation test, it was determined that the integration of the supply chain has a vital intermediary role regarding the effect of supply chain learning on the flexibility of production.

The present study has as its theme the management of innovation to generate added value in flexographic processes, being delimited in the analysis of the processes of the company Suppry Etiquetas. It is questioned how innovation management can generate added value in the flexographic processes of the company Suppry Etiquetas. The objective was to understand how innovation management can generate added value in the company's processes. Methodologically, the research was characterized as an exploratory case study, with the data being analyzed qualitatively. Data collection occurred through a literature review in books, magazines, and on site, with a semi-structured interview with the company owner, with the application of a questionnaire containing 7 questions. As main results of the research we highlight that the innovations of processes all of them represented some kind of cost reduction, and implementation of the program 5s, being this very important for the organization of the company. In the innovation of products in addition to the two new products that started to be produced by the company, it is worth mentioning resale items that had an increase of 57,07% in revenue, after the realization of a change of strategy.

Helical milling is one of the high-performance and high-quality hole manufacturing activities with strong prospects for the automotive and aerospace industries. Literature suggests chip geometry plays a significant role in optimizing machining operations. In the present study, a mechanistic approach is used to estimate the chip geometry, cutting force and power/energy consumption concerning the tool rotation angle. Experiments are conducted at different levels of spindle rotational speed, cutter orbital speed and axial depth of cuts using 8 and 10 mm diameter mill cutters. Experimental results for cutting speed in X, Y and Z directions are measured. A hybrid approach, which combines the Taguchi method and Graph theory and matrix approach (GTMA) technique is used and optimized process parameters. The highest aggregate utility process parameters are met by 2000 rpm spindle speed, 50 rpm orbital speed and 0.2 mm axial cutting depth during helical milling of AISI D2 steel. FEM simulation is used for predicting the chip thickness, cutting forces and power consumption and also validated the optimization.

The exploration of social media among Gen Z has promoted the development of influencer marketing in emerging markets. This study aims to determine how influencer marketing would impact Vietnamese Gen Z consumer’s purchase intention. This study employed quantitative research and used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to analyze the data. The data collection process is conducted online with a sample size of 250 Gen Z respondents. The respondents are aware of the impacts of influencer marketing on their purchase intention. The respondents are exposed to influencer marketing on social media and had experiences with online shopping. The study analyzes five factors that would influence Gen Z’s consumer purchase intention: perceived influencers’' credibility (CRE), the relevance between products and customers (RE), the entertainment value of influencers' content (ENT), perceived expertise of influencers (EXP) and peer’s review and recommendation (PEER). This study's findings concluded that 4 out of 5 factors had influenced Gen Z purchase intention: perceived influencers' credibility, the entertainment value of influencers' content, perceived expertise of influencers, and peer's review and recommendation. There is no statistical evidence to conclude that the relevance between products and customers (RE) impacts Vietnamese Gen Z’s consumer purchase intention. Remarkably, peer’s review and recommendation (PEER) is the most vital factor impacting Vietnamese Gen Z's consumer purchase intention. Managerial recommendations are provided to improve influencer marketing's effectiveness on purchase intention among Vietnamese Gen Z consumers.

This study analysed the competitiveness indicators of Saudi exports of dates using econometric analysis and competitiveness indicators. The Republic of Yemen was found to rank first in importing Saudi dates, followed by the United Arab Emirates, then by Turkey, Kuwait, Jordan, Somalia, Lebanon and Qatar. A clear discrepancy existed in the average export prices of Saudi dates between the various importing countries, where the average export price ranged between a minimum of $559.9/tonne; Syria had an upper limit of $4,368.2/tonne for South Africa. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia enjoyed a competitive advantage in exporting dates to South Africa, followed by the Emirates, Pakistan, Jordan, Djibouti, Turkey and Syria. The geographical concentration coefficient for each of the quantity and value of Saudi exports of dates was approximately 0.40 and 0.37 for each during 1990–2018. A 10% change in the competitiveness of Saudi dates, expressed in the rate of the actual performance of the foreign date trade, led to a change in the same direction of the quantity of Saudi exports of dates by 3.8%. The study recommends increasing the competitiveness of dates in international markets and preserving markets where in the Kingdom enjoys a competitive capacity for its agricultural exports.