Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This study aims to unravel the legal meaning of the human right to migrate, through a critical review of the political philosophy, the jurisprudence of the international human rights system and its materialization in the internal regulations of 19 Latin American countries. The analysis carried out allows us to maintain that non-nationals do not have a right to enter the country of choice. Although 8 countries expressly enshrine it, this has not given rise to free mobility. Indeed, all countries maintain broad entry prohibitions, based on the protection of national security, social order and compliance with immigration regulations. Notwithstanding, the human right to migrate has meant that 11 of the 19 countries have established some type of procedure to make decisions at the border, limiting their discretion and adapting their actions to current international human rights standards.

The right to be forgotten has become a matter of capital importance due to the absence of spatial and temporal borders on the Internet. In order to understand everything related to this emerging right, it is necessary to analyze its real origin before the digital era.The primary purpose of carrying out this background is to have more in-depth and exhaustive knowledge of its origins that date back to the late 19th century, most notably in the United States and France. Then, it analyzes the different forms of protection of this emerging right in the US and Europe to consider the different realities that are being created in both continents. The aim is to balance the right to information with the right to be forgotten inan era where digital memory does not forget or forgive.

This paper argues that the decision by the Constitutional Tribunal in Ugarteche was in accordance with the current Peruvian Constitution and Peru’s international obligations. Of special interest are the arguments of the Court that it is not up to a constitutional adjudicator to redefine the institution of marriage because that attribution rests with the legislator or with the power to introduce a constitutional reform.

      

Taking into view various compared dogmatic developments that justify the generalization of the fairness control of non-negotiated terms, the subjective scope of application of the referred control in Chilean Law is examined, reviewing both the provisions that expressly refer to it as well as the rules and principles of civil law that would allow its generalization. It is argued that the rules that expressly allow some measure of control are not special, but rather concretions of a general rule present in civil law.

Taking the Djokovic case as a reference, the text questions the legitimacy of vaccination against COVID-19 as a legal measure for border control. As the circumstances that would justify the mandatory nature of a vaccine are only partially given here, the human right not to receive involuntary medical treatment should prevail. While the pandemic continues it is reasonable for governments to require certificates to access certain places or services, or to temporarily deny entry into their countries to those who do not prove to be immunized. It is not reasonable, however, that they stick to a vaccination-only policy. The Djokovic case is an abuse in this respect and illustrates well the exaltation of security over freedom that seems to be imposing lately in our societies.

The article proposes a theoretical analysis of the way of understanding the interpretation of tax exemptions aimed at clarifying the jurisprudential and doctrinal vacillations on the matter. In the first place, we discuss what tax experts usually understand by restrictive interpretation and tax exemptions. In the second place, we offer a concept of tax exemption that is sustain from the theory of norms. The conclusion is that considering the notion that is offered, both the identification of tax exemptions and the thesis of their restrictive interpretation are product of evaluative decisions.

             

             

SUMMARYIntroduction: There is wide heterogeneity in the distribution of physicians in the different regions of Chile. Dermatology is no different from this reality. Studying the consulting population is key to complementing the health situation that the distribution of physicians and differences in healthcare access reflect at the national level.Objective: To perform a descriptive analysis of the consultations made to Dermatology during 2019 in the Chilean Public Health Sector; according to region, age-range, and consultations in Health operatives.Materials and Methods: 250,649 consultations to Dermatology reported by the DEIS during 2019.Results: Of the total number of consultations to any specialty, Dermatology accounts for 2.7%. Of these, the Metropolitan Region concentrates 45.2% of the consultations. Aysén is the region with the most consultations according to its population. There is a national average of 14.1 consultations per 1000 inhabitants. The Northern and Central regions consult below this average, while the Southern regions consult above it. Regarding age range, peaks of consultations are established between 0-4 years, 15-19, and finally 75-79.Discussion: Dermatology accounts for a non-negligible percentage of the total number of consultations to specialty. Given the availability of dermatologists and their centralized distribution, access to dermatological care might be insufficient to meet the population’s demand. The low number of consultations in the Northern Zone is remarkable, given the history of high UV radiation in the area. Likewise, the greater number of consultations in Aysén is consistent with a greater density of physicians in the region when compared to other regions.Key Word: Consultations; Gaps; Access; Specialization; Public health. RESUMENIntroducción: Existe una amplia heterogeneidad en la distribución de médicos en las distintas regiones de Chile. La especialidad de Dermatología no es indistinta a esta realidad. Conocer la población consultante resulta clave para complementar la situación sanitaria que  la distribución de médicos y diferencias en el acceso, reflejan a nivel nacional.Objetivo: Analizar descriptivamente las consultas a Dermatología durante el 2019 en el Sector Público de salud en Chile; según región, rango etario y consultas en operativos.Materiales y Métodos:  250.649 consultas realizadas a Dermatología reportadas por el DEIS durante el 2019.Resultados: Del total de las consultas a cualquier especialidad, Dermatología supone un 2.7%. De estas, la Región Metropolitana concentra el 45.2%. Aysén es la región que más consulta en función de su población. Se establece un promedio nacional de 14.1 consultas por cada 1000 habitantes. Las Zonas Norte y Centro consultan bajo este promedio, mientras que la Zona Sur consulta por sobre este. En cuanto al rango etario, se establecen peaks de consultas entre los 0-4 años, 15-19 y finalmente 75-79.Discusión: Dermatología presenta un porcentaje no despreciable del total de consultas a especialidad. Contrastando con la disponibilidad de dermatólogos y su centralizada distribución, pareciera que la oferta de atención sería insuficiente para suplir la demanda poblacional. Llama la atención la baja consulta en la Zona Norte, dado el antecedente de alta radiación UV en el área. Asimismo, la mayor consulta en Aysén, se condice con una mayor densidad de médicos en la región, respecto a otras regiones. Palabras clave: Consultas; Brechas; Acceso; Especialización; Salud Pública.