Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Varón de 36 años, diabético, con antecedente de 10 días de evolución de una neumonía por COVID-19. Fue trasladado por disnea, somnolencia y astenia de 24 horas de aparición. Presentaba taquicardia, taquipnea, palidez e ictericia generalizada. Se confirmó una anemia severa normocítica normocrómica, acompañado de hemólisis intravascular (test de Coombs directo positivo, LDH y bilirrubina indirecta aumentada, consumo de haptoglobina). Además, tenía un HBsAg positivo, con IgM anti-HBc negativo y transaminasas elevadas. El paciente inició tratamiento con tenofovir, además de metilprednisolona, inmunoglobulina humana IV y múltiples microtransfusiones, con buena evolución.

The COVID-19 disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. To date, more than 500 million people have been infected and more than 6 million have dead worldwide. People who belong to the most vulnerable risk groups, particularly those who are at the extremes of life or those with chronic or immunosuppressed comorbidities, are especially susceptible to eventual higher risk of infection, severity and mortality from this disease. People living with HIV, especially those in precarious immunological conditions or those who have not yet started antiretroviral therapy, may be especially susceptible to complications related to this and other infectious diseases. This review aims to determine the magnitude of the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on people living with HIV.

Cervicitis is a frequent condition caused mainly by sexually transmitted agents. The clinical spectrum varies from absence of symptoms to extensive  inflammatory processes that may simulate a malignant neoplasm. We present a clinical case of an adolescent with genital ulcers and systemic disease. Speculoscopy revealed a tumoral-looking cervix. Laboratory studies confirm infection with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and Mycoplasma genitalium, together with a histological study that ruled out neoplasia. It progresses favorably to antimicrobial treatment, with recovery of the appearance of the cervix. Cervicitis rarely presents with necrotic involvement. Co-infection with HSV-2 and M. genitalium infection may have been the determinant of cervical damage and the necrotic appearance. A thorough evaluation and study with highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests allowed an adequate diagnosis and treatment.

One of the great geniuses of biology was the Swedish physician Carlos Linnaeus (1707-1778). He was called princeps botanicorum for his great contribution to the classification of plants. However, his undying fame is due to his work Systema Naturae in which he creates a binomial taxonomic system to classify all living and non-living beings into three kingdoms: the mineral kingdom, the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom. In his taxonomic scheme, the animalicles or microorganisms discovered by the Dutch scholar Antoine van Leeuwenhoek in 1676, were tentatively classified in the animal kingdom, within the class Vermes or Worms. The idea that these little animals were the cause of infectious diseases was imagined by Linnaeus and developed in depth by Johannes C. Nyander and Johannes Carolus Roos, two of his disciples, who published this idea in their theses Exanthemata viva in 1757 and Mundus invisibilis in 1767, respectively.

La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es una de las infecciones  bacterianas más frecuentes en la infancia. Un adecuado diagnóstico es esencial para poder realizar un tratamiento racional, eficiente y eficaz; sin embargo, existe gran heterogeneidad en los métodos diagnósticos, específicamente en el estudio de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. El objetivo de estas recomendaciones es entregar herramientas para uniformar los criterios diagnósticos, el estudio de susceptibilidad bacteriana in vitro y el tratamiento antimicrobiano de la ITU en la población pediátrica, con un enfoque de uso racional de los antimicrobianos. En la primera parte, se presentaron las recomendaciones en cuanto a cómo obtener una adecuada muestra de orina, el diagnóstico de laboratorio incluyendo puntos de corte-unidades formadoras de colonias/mL de orina-, además de consideraciones microbiológicas como estudio de susceptibilidad y finalmente, el manejo de la ITU en pediatría. En esta segunda parte se detalla el tratamiento antimicrobiano de sus complicaciones, el manejo de ITU en situaciones especiales y consideraciones farmacocinéticas y farmacodinámicas de los antimicrobianos a indicar en ITU.

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the main etiological agents of enteric hepatitis in the world. In developing countries its seroprevalence ranges from 20 to 50% and in developed countries from 4.4% to 21%. Clinically, cases of HEV infection in immunocompetent individuals present as self-limited acute viral hepatitis; conversely, in pregnant women, transplanted individuals, and individuals living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the infection can manifest as chronic and severe hepatitis. In Latin America, only Brazil and Argentina report figures for individuals living with HIV. More studies are required in our region to determine the prevalence of HEV in immunosuppressed individuals, blood donors, and the general population to adopt measures that guarantee timely diagnosis, access to care, and control of transmission.

This essay studies the persistence of the theme of the Trojan horse from Virgil’s Aeneid in Silvestre de Balboa’s Espejo de paciencia. First, some examples of the theme of the Trojan horse in classical Greco-Latin literature are presented, then its transmission in Spanish literature from medieval times to the Golden Age. Finally, its recreation in Balboa’s text, in which it serves as programmatic metaphor of the poem.

En febrero de este año, la llamada “Semana de Arte Moderno” de São Paulo cumplió cien años, dando lugar en Brasil a una verdadera avalancha de publicaciones, debates y eventos, tanto en contextos académicos como en medios masivos. Parece difícil exagerar la importancia de un hito cultural que, como remarca Leandro Pasini en un artículo incluido en esta sección, ha sido objeto de más conmemoraciones que la propia Independencia de Brasil de 1822. Esto resulta especialmente llamativo en un país como Chile, donde sería inimaginable pensar en algún evento dedicado al arte moderno o a la vanguardia capaz de competir, por ejemplo, con las fiestas patrias. Títulos conmemorativos como 1922 – A semana que não terminou (2012), de Marcos Augusto Gonçalves; A semana e o século (en prensa), de Eduardo Sterzi y Verônica Stigger; y Modernismos. 1922-2022 (2022), organizado por Gênese Andrade, destacan precisamente el vasto alcance de esta singular semana, cuyas resonancias persistirían aún hoy, cien años más tarde.

The article compares use of the encyclopedic by the state for the construction of national identity in Chile and Brazil based on the cases of the preliminary draft of the Enciclopédia Brasileira prepared by Mário de Andrade in 1939 and a Prospectus prepared in 1965 for the Enciclopedia Chilena. While Mário de Andrade’s preliminary draft is characterized by the integration of Brazilian inequality and social diversity in the very design of the structure and content of the encyclopedia, in the case of the Enciclopedia Chilena we observe a representation of the national at the service of an elite in charge of making decisions for the development of the country. The figure of the reader appears as a crucial element to respond to the critical diagnosis of national reality, and to articulate print culture, national identity and development projects.