Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

En el presente artículo se reexamina la pertinencia del modelo clásico de análisis de la escuela de las Expectativas Racionales (EER) en lo concerniente a su visión del intercambio entre el producto y la inflación, postulada originalmente por Robert Lucas Jr. Para tal efecto se realiza un recuento histórico de la evolución de las ideas respecto a la relación entre la inflación y el desempleo hasta la formulación e indagación empírica de la curva de Oferta Agregada de Lucas. A continuación se precisan los aspectos lógico-formales del modelo; luego se elucidan algunos detalles respecto de la muestra y los datos utilizados. Ulteriormente se analizan los resultados y se contrastan las hipótesis fundamentales. Por último, se presentan las conclusiones principales.

Perceived job overqualification is a psychosocial phenomenon that can affect people in their workplace and that occurs when employees perceive that they have abilities and skills that exceed the requirements of their job. To better understand how this phenomenon occurs in Puerto Rico and Spanish-speaking countries, it is necessary to have adequate instruments for its measurement. The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Perceived Job Overqualification Scale (PJOS): construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, item analysis, and reliability. The sample consisted of 400 participants from various labor sectors in Puerto Rico. The results show that the PJOS has a bi-factorial structure (job needs and excess resources) with appropriate levels of validity and reliability. In light of the findings, we conclude that the PJOS is an excellent instrument to measure perceived job overqualification in different work contexts in Puerto Rico and other Spanish-speaking countries, as well as a useful tool for research and organizational interventions.

Community-based work can represent a burden filled with stress, fatigue and burnout for those who assume main roles in such spaces, for example those who serve as community leaders. The levels of stress are triggered and increased by being exposed to traumatic experiences such as atmospheric events, like hurricanes, earthquakes and landslides, to name a few. The effects caused by stress and burnout can be experienced both physically and emotionally. Having the tools and skillset to handle these types of situations are necessary in order to fully perform the functions and responsibilities that this type of work entails. Knowing when to step back and taking time for self-care, are a few of the options that help mitigate the adverse effects that community-based work might represent. Throughout this work we lay out the effects that the community-based work might cause and provide different alternatives to manage these situations.

Based on the assets model, this study was carried out, which had two objectives: 1) to analyze whether high school students who have not consumed alcohol or tobacco have more internal and external assets compared to those who have already consumed either of the two substances and 2) know the strengths that increase the probability of not consuming any of the two substances. A sample of 2405 students from public secondary schools in Mexico City (40.6%) and the city of Culiacán (59.4%), men (48.2%) and women (51.8%) with an average age of 13.6 years (SD= 1.03) participated.  The revised version of the scale of internal and external assets for adolescents (FIE-AR) was used. The results showed that young people who have never consumed alcohol and / or tobacco have significantly higher scores in internal and external assets compared to those who have consumed one or both substances.  The assets that increase the probability that young people do not consume either of the two substances were: the importance for young people to avoid risk behaviors, the appropriate expression of anger, not having friends with risky behaviors and not having access to the drugs. These results are useful for designing health promotion programs based on assets.

In the absence of studies dedicated to the couple in Puerto Rican culture, the proposal was made to analyze relational quality through some factors present in the couple‘s interaction patterns. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between quality and maintenance strategies, dynamics with the partner, positive behaviors, and problems in the relationship. Also, to know the contribution of these variables to relational quality. Therefore, an online questionnaire was designed, and people who were in a relationship were invited to participate. The sample of the study was 332 persons with a mean age of 38 years, mostly heterosexual (89%), and with a university education level (72%). Five Likert-type scales were applied to measure each of the variables proposed in the study. The results confirm a positive and significant relationship between the variables studied, except for problems with the partner and positive behaviors. No differences were obtained for sociodemographic variables. It is concluded that the variables studied play an important role in the relationship of Puerto Rican couples, and that it has a significant effect on relational quality, for which we recommend future studies.

The research aimed to analyze the relationship between perfectionism, moral values and integrity in Venezuelan employees of the banking sector. A quantitative study with descriptive-correlational scope and cross-sectional design was carried out. One hundred three workers from banks of Caracas responded three instruments of measurement. General perfectionism showed a correlation with condemnation of wrong behaviors, as well as with a low propensity to commit fraud. This crime was less likely in those who placed great importance on orderliness and neatness. Parental expectations showed correlations with lower probabilities of committing dishonest acts and with low tendency to steal things. Therefore, perfectionism is a personality trait involved in the individual differences observed with respect to the integrity value.

La competitividad se ha establecido como uno de los elementos vitales para la sobrevivencia empresarial, en el caso de la agricultura, no es la excepción. En particular en Michoacán, la agricultura constituye una fuente importante de ingresos y tiene un aporte relativo al PIB (10%) superior a la media nacional (6.5%) a la vez que a escala municipal y regional tiene efectos importantes para la economía. La mayoría de los municipios de Michoacán presentan es­pecialización económica regional relativa. Desde el punto de vista teórico, los términos de intercambio relativos sugieren que existe una desventaja de los municipios especializados en el sector primario. Si esto funciona así en Mi­choacán, entonces se parte de suponer un menor desarrollo humano para los municipios con especialización relativa. El objetivo del presente fue identificar si la competitividad agrícola tiene una relación con el desarrollo humano. Empleando la metodología de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios, se muestra que los municipios más competitivos en materia agrícola tienen una relación positiva con el desarrollo humano. En tanto que la especialización relativa en agrícultura tiene una relación negativa, situación que estuvo en la expectativa teórica.

Este artículo de revisión, destaca la conectividad del nuevo puerto de Tuxpan con la región bajío y centro del país, profundiza en el análisis de la repercusión económica en la industria automotriz con elementos como el hinterland y fo-reland del puerto, además de analizar su impacto directo en la administración pública de México. La investigación se desarrolló tomando en cuenta los refe­rentes teóricos más recientes basados en artículos especializados, delimitando el análisis de los objetos de estudio mediante una investigación de campo y se concluye con la exposición de las ventajas que el puerto de Tuxpan ofrece a los clústeres automotrices.

El artículo tiene por objeto un análisis del comportamiento las de exportaciones de la industria textil y de la confección de México en comparación con el líder mundial de la industria que es China, durante el periodo de 1995 al 2011, a través del índice normalizado de la ventaja comparativa revelada. Se parte de la hipótesis, que el índice de productividad laboral afectó de manera positiva a la competitividad. La hipótesis se comprueba mediante un análisis de correlación de variables. Los resultados muestran una pérdida de competi-tividad de la industria en México; por el contrario, China aumenta gradualmente su competitividad.

Los estados del sureste de México se caracterizan por su rezago económico y social. Entre ellos, Tabasco sobresale por tener la más alta tasa de desempleo nacional. La investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer el grado de apropiación de los procesos de innovación tecnológica y capital social por los estudiantes de una universidad tecnológica. Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal, habiéndose aplicado un cuestionario estructurado a una muestra aleatoria de 28 alumnos de una universidad tecnológica. Se iden­tificó un escaso nivel de conocimiento sobre innovación tecnológica, así como un bajo nivel de cohesión social, cooperación y ayuda mutua.