Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Mental health problems in children and adolescents have a high incidence in Peru and worldwide. However, studies on the psychological repercussions of the pandemic of Covid-19 on children and adolescents in Peru are insufficient. The general objective was to identify the magnitude of the major mental health problems in the child and adolescent population in Lima (Peru) related to Covid-19. This study was descriptive-transversal. The sample was of 2639 children and adolescents. We used the following instruments: demographic and socioeconomic file; Questionnaire on experiences, behaviors and impact related to Covid-19; International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents; Family Violence Questionnaire; “How is your Family” Questionnaire; Adolescent Family Process Scale; Parental Behavior Inventory and Questionnaire on determinants of access to health services in Peru. Among issues of parental behavior perceived by adolescents, we found that almost a half of them seldom experienced conflicts with their mothers or fathers. Fear to have some beloved being ill or dead because of Covid-19 was the most frequent among children between 6 to 11 years old and adolescents (63.0% and 63.3%, respectively); 44.4% of children from 1.5 to 5 years old, 60.3% of children from 6 to 11 years old and 59.3% of adolescents suffered physical abuse. The fear of separating from an attachment figure is present in 45.7% among children from 6 to 11 years old. More than 80% (n = 2227) of the sample had some kind of health insurance. One third (n = 870) had emotional and behavioral problems, of which 714 did not received care. It is concluded that, in the six months prior to the survey, the major clinical disorders, as well as physical, psychological and sexual abuse in the child and adolescent population increased compared with pre-pandemic time. Frequency of communication between parents and their children from 1.5. to 11 years old had some improvement. Access to services is a critical point in care.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between professional burnout and work engagement in nurses of the hospitalization service of an hospital in Metropolitan Lima, between November 2018 to March 2019. This was an analytical, correlational study, with secondary data. Professional burnout (dependent variable) was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI); and work engagement (independent variable) was measured with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The sample consisted of 73 nurses with a mean age of 48.6 years. The dimensions of work engagement scale were vigor, dedication, and absorption; the dimensions of burnout were emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment, the last was analyzed as a mediating factor between the other two and the dimensions of work engagement. The results indicate that professional burnout is negatively associated with work engagement and there are direct but negative effect of vigor upon emotional exhaustion and of dedication upon depersonalization. Personal accomplishment did not mediate none of these effects.

The commercial fairs in Guatemala and El Salvador during the nineteenth century were very active spaces for economic exchange and social gathering, but what was reported in the Guatemalan and Salvadoran press about these fairs? And how were they affected by the economic instability, civil wars, and political changes that were taking place in both Central American territories? The review of reports and news articles in this regard allows us to explore in detail the influence they had on the social, economic and cultural transformations, since they portray relevant elements of the process of formation of the States, in addition to opening a window to the daily life of nineteenth-century Central America.

El Chaltén is located on the border between Argentina and Chile in the Southern Patagonia on the Argentinian side. Its main economic activity is tourism associated with protected natural areas. Although this activity is presented as re- specting the principles of sustainability, it causes a diversity of territorial problems. Using political ecology approaches and participatory data collection, a spatial study was carried out using an analysis of family livelihoods. The existence of economic inequality and social sectorization processes, as well as the saturation of infrastructure and public services are among the most important findings. This research concludes that tourism policies using a discourse of sustainability encounter local continuities and tensions that either promote or hinder the expansion of green capitalism and in practice fail to include social participation and empowerment.

This paper analyzes the signing of the peace agreement between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC by its acronym in Spanish) and the Colombian government in 2016 based on the construction of an analytical framework combining Christopher Mitchell’s conflict maturity models and the favorable and hindering aspects of the peace negotiation. In order to understand the achievements, errors, and lessons learned, this paper reviews previous negotiations between the guerrilla and earlier administrations that did not lead to signing a peace agreement in the twentieth century. Aiming to expand the explanatory potential of the concept of conflict maturity, this paper analyzes Juan Manuel Santos’s administration within a scenario that brings together factors pertaining to structure and agency. It concludes that the maturity of the conflict in Colombia is a process that goes beyond the version that claims that the insurgency suffered a military defeat and comes closer to a strategic leveling that saw the signing of a peace agreement as an opportunity to reach the goals held by the main stakeholders at war and respond, at least in part, to their interests.

This research analyzes a set of provisions taken by Archbishop Cayetano Francos y Monroy regarding the management of the monies and goods of the fraternities and brotherhoods in the parishes of San Salvador and Sonsonate in the former kingdom of Guatemala. This analysis is based on the pastoral visits carried out in 1781, 1782, 1790, and 1791. The methodology consisted of analyzing and contextualizing the content of the pastoral visit reports, focusing in particular on information regarding the monies and goods of those corporate entities. The study reveals that the ceremony celebrating the pastoral visit reaffirmed the value and supremacy of spiritual power in the villages of San Salvador and Sonsonate. It demonstrates that the economy of the parishes and fraternities upheld the sacred time and space of those villages. This study also presents information about some of the resistance processes engaged in by parishioners against the provisions taken by the Archbishop.

The port of Arica, Chile operates in an extensive and extranational hinterland region bordering Bolivia and southern Peru that accounts for 80% of its operations, both cases experiencing geopolitical conditioning. This implies that the city enjoys a diversity of transborder relationships that in the case of southern Peru translate into an intense self-contained region, whereas in the case of Bolivia, the relationship operates as a blurry economic corridor that has been unable to consolidate as a territorial system. The city faces these two relationships in a different manner, producing both conflicts and benefits. However, in general, Arica has been unable to articulate a sustainable urban and regional development strategy. This situation can be foreseen to intensify with the advancement of the bi-oceanic corridors expecting to connect Latin American economies to dynamic Eastern Asia, which will force Arica to wrestle with even greater challenges

This paper aims to characterize the Chiapanecans migrating to Tijuana and their insertion into the labor market in Tijuana. The research is based on an analysis of the weighted samples of the 2000-2016 Survey of Migration at the North Border of Mexico (emif), the 2005-2020 National Occupation and Employment Survey (enoe), and inegi’s 2000-2020 Population and Housing Censuses. The conditions and characteristics of these migrants predispose their taking on increasingly more precarious positions related to the maquila industry. Since their income in Tijuana is nonetheless higher than it would be in their state of origin, migration flows toward this border city are expected to continue increasing.

This study discusses the acquisition of the numeral classifiers -eb’, -k’on and -wan in Q’anjob’al by eva- luating data from three children of the following ages: Xhuw (1;9-3;0), Xhim (2;3-4;0), and Tum (2;7-3;6). The results demonstrate that within this age range children gradually and sporadically start using these classi- fiers. Although errors in the use of these classifiers reveal that children use the numeral classifier system in a different way from adults, given that they find it difficult to assign semantic value to the classification of human beings, animals, and objects. The low frequency of use of -k’on (classifier for animals) and -wan (clas- sifier for humans), and the frequent use of -eb’ (classifier for objects) form the input could explain why the use of -eb’ prevails in the children’s data. The children also make errors in the use of heb’ (corresponding to human beings) in order to pluralize human beings and animals, which would not be expected among adult speakers of Q’anjob’al.

Although the anthropological body is well known, its entrails are less known. This is made more visible when teaching the discipline. The organs that constitute an anthropological research regularly remain hidden from view since they might not be in agreement with what ought to be, which strives to serve as a guide to students. The horizon that is meant to be taught to future anthropologists is also embedded in the themes that they are taught. There is therefore an overrepresentation of the topics regarding marginalized communities in contrast to topics regarding elites. Through comparing Bronislaw Malinowski’s Argonauts of the Western Pacific and A Diary in the Strictest Sense of the Word, Malinowski questions the generation of rapport in anthropological practice based on his own doctoral research experience regarding elites and corruption in Guatemala.