Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective. To describe differences in Case Fatality Rate (CFR) for Covid-19 among healthcare subsystems in Mexico City between March and December 2020. Materials and methods. This is a retrospective secondary data analysis from the National Epidemiological Surveillance System data of Covid-19 cases. Information about health provider institutions was retrieved from the Catalogue of Health Establishments (CLUES). Logistic regressions were fitted to determine the association between health subsystems and mortality associated to Covid-19. The analyses were divided between hospitalized and ambulatory patients. Results. The probability of dying from Covid-19 was higher among those treated at Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) (Hospitalized:OR=5.11, Ambulatory:OR=36.57), Instituto de Se­guridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) (Hospitalized:OR=2.10, Ambulatory:OR=9.19), Secretaría de Salud (SS) (Hospitalized:OR=1.94, Ambulatory:OR=5.29) or other public institutions (Hospitalized: OR=1.70, Ambulatory:OR=9.56) than in those treated in private in­stitutions. Conclusions. Differences in healthcare quality and access between health subsystems are profound. It is imperative to increase the capacity and quality of the different health subsystems to improve health outcomes.

Objective. To estimate the increase of drug treatment costs associated with predictive factors of hypertensive patients in family medicine units. Materials and methods. A generalized linear model was employed to estimate costs with data from a microcosting costing study for a 1-year time horizon. Sources of dada were medical electronic files, phar­macy records and unitary prices updated to 2019. Results. From a total of 864 patients older than 65 years were 67% and women 65%. Factors with most influence on mean drug treatment costs were diabetes, age and complications associ­ated with hypertension. Mean annual cost of antihypertensive treatment was 61 dollars (CI95% 55,67) and median were 32 dollars (IQR 30,35) per patient. Incremental costs for diabetes were 23 dollars (CI95% 13,33) and 25 dollars (CI95% 5, 45) in the group of ≥ 65 years. Conclusion. Diabetes, age and complications were the factors with largest influence on hypertension pharmacological costs.

Objective. To estimate level of exposure to different risks of unintentional injuries (UI) at home, identifying factors associated, and to analyze its relation to the occurrence of injuries in Mexican vulnerable populations. Materials and methods. A crossover study design analyzed secondary information from the leading agency for UI prevention (Min­istry of Health) collected during 2016-2019. Using Poisson regression, factors associated to the number of risks present at home were analyzed in households with children (<5) and elders (75+); logistic regression analyzed factors associated with the occurrence of UI. Results. Households with <5 had an average of six risks; 2.9 where 75+ lived. Prevalence of UI the previous year was 3.1% (95%CI=2.0,4.6) in <1 year, 7.6% (95%CI=6.9,8.4) in 1-4 years and 17.1% (95%CI=15.6,18.7) in 75+. Falls were the main cause. Conclusions. There is a high number of risks in households with vulnerable populations; it is necessary to strengthen prevention, education and health promotion strategies.    

Objective. To analyze the interpretation and implemen­tation of the policies for the worker’s health surveillance in the vector control program in Mexico. Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study in four states of Mexico using mixed methods that include semi-structured interviews, data on pesticides applied and the wor­kers’ results for plasmatic acetylcholinesterase activity analysis collected from the states’ registries. Results. We identified an extended and varied use of highly hazardous pesticides and different processes to monitor occupational exposure to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in each state. None of the states calculated biological exposure indices. Conclusions. Knowledge of policies for workers’ health surveillance needs to be strengthened and there is an urgent need to enhance the content of the existing policies to include the multiple, combined, and long-term occupational exposure of workers in the vector control program in Mexico.  

Objective. To identify the behavioral and normative believes factors that might have major influence on the decision to buy packaged foods in urban Mexican families. Materials and methods. We performed a cross-sectional study in four urban cities of Mexico. Participants responded a self-administered questionnaire (n=3 340) outside of randomly selected supermarkets. A factor analysis was performed to identify what were the main behavioral and normative believes explaining consumers’ decision when buying packaged foods. Results. Three factors explained the behavioral beliefs: the quality assessment of packaged foods explained 61% of the variance, products that maintain weight explained 25%, and the emotional experience with foods explained 13%. Three factors explained the normative beliefs: expectations of chil­dren and partner explained 46% of the variance, expectations from the participants’ closest friends 23%, and expectation from other family members explained 14%. Conclusion. Behavioral and normative beliefs related to assessing the qual­ity of foods and meeting family expectations respectively are the main beliefs factors affecting consumers’ packaged food purchase decisions in urban consumers.

Objective. To estimate to what extent the parental tran­sition to obesity affects the likelihood that normal-weight teenagers also transition to obesity. We depart from the hypothesis that the transition to obesity specifically among parents is the main factor affecting the development of obesity during adolescence. Materials and methods. Using two rounds of the longitudinal Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS) and logistic regressions, we investigated how family weight-related characteristics affected the likelihood of teenagers 13 to 18 years of age in 2002 of becoming affected by obesity after seven to ten years. Results. The results confirm that if any of the parents were affected by obesity during the teenage period, the adolescent is more likely to become affected by obesity. Conclusions. Results confirm that, different from childhood obesity, the transition of parents to obesity during the adolescence of teenagers is the most important family factor affecting such transition.

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Objective. To detect serum IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 in pre-and post- Covid-19 pandemic in Mexican asymptomatic subjects in order to know the degree of viral dispersion. Materials and methods. Association of serum IgG antibodies (determined by ELISA) to sociodemographic and clinical data or contact with Covid-19 cases in three groups of subjects: 1) Covid-19 pre-pandemic blood donors (n= 538); 2) Covid-19 post-pandemic blood donors (n= 243); 3) Covid-19 post-pandemic neurological patients (n= 312). None of the subjects studied had been vaccinated. Results. The positive rate of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 was notably higher in participants recruited during the pandemic (donors, 29.6%; neurological patients, 15.7%) than in those recruited pre-pan­demic (donors 0.6%) (p <0.001). Other conditions associated to antibody positivity were being a worker in sales or services, or having had previous contact with people with Covid-19, for donnors and neurological patients, and having diabetes mellitus, for neurological patients. Higher positivity levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were found in females than in males. The highest proportion of subjects with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was found in central Mexico. Conclusions. The dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic, unvaccinated subjects (donors and neurological patients) recruited in a Mexican health institution, who work in sales or services or had previously had contact with Covid-19 patients is 16 to 30%. The level of positivity for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG is higher in females than in males. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropreva­lence follow-up studies must be favored among the general population, being mandatory for donors.

Objective. To evaluate the test-retest reliability and validity of the long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-long form). Materials and methods. A subsample of 86 teachers underwent telephone interviews and clinic visits in Mexico City. Through 22 months, physical activity (PA) levels were obtained from accelerometers (months 6 and 22) and IPAQ long-form (months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12). Minutes per week of moderate (MPA), walking (WPA), vigorous (VPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were calculated for each intensity and domain. Variables were loga­rithmically transformed. Intra-class and Pearson correlations were used to determine the relationship between instru­ments. Results. Test-retest reliability of the average IPAQs long-form varied across intensities and domains (ranged from r= 0.24 to r= 0.65). Minutes per week of VPA and MVPA ac­celerometer 1 (AC1) were fairly associated to International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form 3 (IPAQ3) (r= 0.60 and r= 0.31, respectively) one week apart. Conclusions. IPAQ long-form is fairly reliable for MVPA and valid for as­sessing MVPA and VPA in a subsample of Mexican teachers.