Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: Epilepsy and Parkinson's disease have been described as disorders of neural networks. The study of connectivity by molecular modalities may be more physiologically relevant than those based on hemodynamic signals.Aim: The aim of the present work is to propose a methodology for the description of functional connectivity patterns from brain perfusion by single photon emission tomography.Methods: The methodology includes four main steps: spatial preprocessing, partial volume correction, calculation of the perfusion index and obtaining the functional connectivity matrix using Pearson's correlation coefficient. It was implemented in 25 patients with different neurological disorders: 15 with drug-resistant epilepsy and 10 suffering Parkinson's disease.Results: Significant differences were found between the perfusion indexes of various regions of the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres in both patients with frontal lobe epilepsy and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The same result was obtained in Parkinson's disease patients with different stages of the disease. For each group, functional connectivity patterns involving regions related to the pathology under study were identified.Conclusions: With the development of this methodology, it has been demonstrated that single photon emission tomography provides valuable information to study the organization of functional brain networks. Future research with a larger number of patients would contribute to make inferences about the neural correlates of the different brain disorders.

Objetivo: Evaluar los indicadores antropométricos de obesidad para capacidad predictiva de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) en una muestra de pobladores peruanos.Métodos: Estudio de pruebas diagnósticas. Análisis de bases secundario del estudio PERU MIGRANT. EL RCV se midió según la escala de Framingham por D'Agostino (SFA). Se evaluaron 6 índices de obesidad: circunferencia abdominal, índice de masa corporal, índice de forma corporal (IFC), índice de redondez corporal (IRC), índice de conicidad, relación cintura altura y relación cintura cadera (RCC). La capacidad discriminativa de los modelos se probó utilizando áreas bajo curvas (AUC) con su intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC 95%).Resultados: La prevalencia de RCV bajo fue del 60,70%. En varones, el AUC más alto lo presentó el IRC: 0,755, valor de corte = 4,78; sensibilidad = 59,0% y especificidad = 76,4%. En mujeres, el AUC más alto lo obtuvo RCC: 0,694; valor de corte = 0,91, sensibilidad = 73,3%  y especificidad = 61,0.Conclusiones: El IRC y el RCC fueron los parámetros antropométricos con mayor capacidad predictiva para el sexo masculino y femenino, respectivamente. Sin embargo, dados sus valores bajo, es probable que estos índices de obesidad no alcancen a ser suficientes para predecir RCV como lo hace el SFA.

Introduction: Due to the need for an early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders, attempts have been made to harmonize diagnostic criteria using morphometric methods based on neuroimaging techniques, but conclusive results have not yet been obtained.Objective: To determine the ventricular volume due to its wide use as a marker of cerebral atrophy and to identify the effect of sex on these structures, according to the type of skull, estimated from multislice computed tomography imaging techniques. Methods: An observational and descriptive study was developed in 30 subjects with normal neurocognitive functions and neuropsychiatric examination, aged between 45 and 54 years, who underwent a simple multislice CT scan of the skull. An image segmentation method based on homogeneity was used.Results: The ventricular volumes showed a significant and positive correlation between them, except between the third and fourth ventricles and the third and the right ventricular volume. The statistics in the multivariate linear model applied showed that they were only significant in terms of sex and type of skull. No significant differences were found regarding sex in any volume except in the third ventricle (p= 0.01). The same occurred by type of skull (p= 0.005). Conclusions: The morphometry method of the encephalic ventricular system from Computed Tomography images / Segmentation by homogeneity, allowed to quantify the cerebral volumetric changes associated with normal aging and can be used as a biomarker of the relationship between brain structure and cognitive functions.

Introducción: De acuerdo con el avance científico y tecnológico de la sociedad, se van implementando nuevas y mejoradas técnicas en la práctica dental, que están destinadas a ofrecer tratamientos efectivos, más rápidos, conservadores y que reduzcan los niveles de miedo y ansiedad en los pacientes. Objetivo: Interpretar los beneficios de emplear laserterapia en el campo odontológico, mediante una revisión bibliográfica. Métodos: Estudio del nivel exploratorio, auxiliado por la hermenéutica para interpretar la revisión bibliográfica ejecutada. Correspondió al tipo observacional, transversal, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Las búsquedas se efectuaron en las bases de datos: Lilacs, Pubmed, Sciencedirect y se buscaron estudios clínicos aleatorizados. Resultados: Se encontraron 252 artículos, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 7 de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se percibieron resultados favorables sobre el láser en las especialidades de cirugía, endodoncia, periodoncia y patología oral, en comparación con las terapias consideradas como gold standard, lo que demuestra que el uso del láser es mejor o igual de efectivo que los tratamientos convencionales, ya que reduce el nivel de tiempo en las intervenciones, en tratamientos quirúrgicos evita el sangrado y el uso de sutura en algunos casos, además de que bien aceptado para pacientes porque también evita la presencia de dolor al aplicarlo. Conclusiones: Usando láser para intervenciones odontológicas se puede obtener una mejoría o al menos el mismo resultado que aplicando técnicas convencionales, lo que comprueba que es viable su uso.

Introduction: Remineralizing agents are alternative to oral treatment that induce mineral profits; Therefore, the treatment effectiveness is of scientific necessity.Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the methodological quality of systematic reviews on the effectiveness in the remineralization of incipient lesions in enamel through different therapeutic methods using AMSTAR 2. An overview of systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and in vitro studies was performed.Methods: The search was performed using four digital databases and the grey literature. SRs on the remineralization of white spot lesions (WSLs) through different therapeutic alternatives were included.Results: The results evaluated were changes in the enamel structure. Eleven SRs were included. Two studies reported that casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) had greater remineralization potential than other compounds. Two studies found no significant difference between CPP-ACP and fluoridated agents. Four studies reported on the efficacy of fluoridated agents. One study found no difference between CPP-ACP and CPP–amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP). Three studies did not yield conclusive results.  Conclusions: Methodological quality was classified as high risk of bias for seven SRs and moderate risk of bias for four SRs. With a confidence level ranging from moderate to low, fluoridated compounds, nonfluoridated compounds, and combined compounds in randomized controlled trials show a potential to remineralize WSLs. Nonfluoridated compounds in in vitro studies (CPP-ACP) show statistically significant changes in enamel structure, but these results should be interpreted with caution.

The CAD/CAM technique is a system that has facilitated the process of taking total impressions and incorporates intraoral records and appropriate requirements to achieve adequate prosthetic bases, which allows optimal results in the dental clinic, such as time savings and comfort for the specialist and the patient, reasons that lead the dental professional to take the step towards digital dentistry. The objective of the study was to analyze the CAD/CAM system in the fabrication of total dental prostheses. The search was carried out in Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus databases, trying to answer the guiding question: What are the most significant aspects for the CAD/CAM system in the manufacture of total dental prostheses? As results, it was possible to interpret that, by obtaining three-dimensional records produced in a scanner, it provides a better adaptation of structures compared to conventional methods, thus inducing esthetics and precision, which are important factors in dentistry. It was concluded that the CAD/CAM system reduces the margin of human error and leads to greater dental success by providing better support for decision making and achieving better esthetic and functional results in the total prostheses of patients.

Purpose: To identify the frequency of anemia in pregnant women at different geographical altitudes in the Arequipa region of Peru.Materials and Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, and retrospective study was carried out. The study population consisted of 35,725 pregnant women living in the Arequipa Region at different altitudes. Data on age, gestational age, weight, height, province of residence, altitude, hemoglobin were collected.Results: Using World Health Organization altitude adjusted hemoglobin values, anemia prevalence in pregnant women between 2018-2019 was 13.7 % in the Arequipa Region, while using unadjusted hemoglobin, the overall prevalence was 4.1 %. When analyzed by altitudes, the frequency of anemia was 9.77 % below 1 000 m 13.1 % between 1 000-1 999 m, 13.1 % between 2.000-2.999 m, 31.5 % between 3.000-3.999 and 47.1 % between 4.000-4.999. Nevertheless, when using unadjusted hemoglobin values rates were 6.67 % for the 1.000-1.999 range, 2.39 % for ranges between 2.000-2.999 m and 3.000-3.999 m, and 5.19 % for altitudes above 4.000 m.Conclusions: There is a directly proportional correlation in the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women and higher altitude (p<0.01) as well as levels of anemia during the last trimester of pregnancy. Adjusting the hemoglobin values by altitude results in triple the prevalence of anemia. A throughout revision of the suitability of current guidelines to diagnose and prevent anemia at high altitude is recommended.

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people’s behavior. Aim: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 on the epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures surgically treated in a Cuban university hospital.Methods: This research involved a 4-year descriptive, comparative, retrospective and cross-sectional study. Patients surgically treated between March 1 and December 31, 2020 (COVID-19 period) were compared with those who had undergone surgery between the same date in the years 2017-2019 (non-pandemic period). Age, sex, residence, year, month, alcohol consumption at the time of trauma, etiology, fractures types, and number of fractures per patient were recorded.Results: A decline in patients with maxillofacial fractures in 2020 (n=25) was observed when compared to equivalent periods in the three previous years (2017: n=37; 2018: n=31; 2019: n=41), respectively, with an annual average reduction of 31.19 %. Interpersonal violence was found to be the paramount etiological factor for maxillofacial fractures during the comparison periods (2017-2019); however, road traffic accident prevailed in the 2020 (n=12; 48 %). There was a small increase in the number of alcohol-related fractures (56 % in 2020 vs 46.34 %, 41.94 %, and 51.35 % in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively).Conclusion: COVID-19 impacted on the epidemiology maxillofacial fractures surgically treated in this Cuban university hospital.

Introduction: Sports training is a process that requires a planning oriented to the adaptation of the body to internal loads versus external loads; from there, arises the need to know the behavior of some musculoskeletal enzymes through the biochemical and physiological control of training in middle-distance athletics.Objective: To analyze the enzymatic changes of creatine phosphokinase and lactodehydrogenase during lactic anaerobic training and their influence on aerobic capacity in middle-distance athletes.Methods: The descriptive comparative method was used with a sample of 20 subjects randomized in two groups: experimental and control; the analysis was performed under the descriptive Anova statistical model, T-tests and repeated measures design with a 95% confidence interval (p<0.05).Results: In the initial and final creatine phosphokinase and lactodehydrogenase variables, there were no significant intergroup variations; differences were observed in creatine phosphokinase regarding variance or standard deviation (p=0.022) in the order of 97.8 %; which in average (p=0.088) represented the levels reached of 91.2 %. In the repeated measures, there were no statistically significant intergroup changes. For the VO2max variable, the T-test was applied to compare the initial and final states in each group and there were differences in both groups (control p=0.002; experimental p=0.000).Conclusions: There were no important enzymatic changes during lactic anaerobic and aerobic training, and lactic anaerobic training had an influence on aerobic capacity.

Introduction:Histopathological characterisation of benign and malignant lesions of the head and neck in a systematic and coherent way is an essential part of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine.Objective: To analyse and present the profile of the mesenchymal neoplasms in the head and neck including the oral cavity that have been reported in the institution in the past 10 years with emphasis on the histopathological types, frequency and location of the most common tumours.Methodology:A retrospective analysis was made of the 10-year records of reports of biopsy samples of patients maintained by the department of oral pathology showing histopathological diagnosis of connective tissue neoplasms. The data obtained was compiled for age, gender, site and histopathology of the lesions.Results: Majority of the tumours were benign and patients were found to be in the 2nd or 4th decade of life with female preponderance. The most common benign tumour was fibroma where buccal mucosa was the commonest location and malignant tumour was osteosarcoma where mandible was the commonest site. While fibromas were seen among general adult population, osteosarcomas were more in the males (7.2%) and in the younger population (<20years). The uncommon tumours among benign variety were leiomyoma and teratoma while in malignant category 1 case of undifferentiated sarcoma was reported.Conclusion: The findings in this study may be of help to oral and maxillofacial surgeons and general dentists in formulating diagnosis and rendering patient care in the existing local population.