Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: Las condiciones de vida son las condiciones objetivas en las que los hombres reproducen su existencia social e individual. La adolescencia es una etapa importante del curso de la vida.Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de vida de adolescentes en cuatro consultorios del médico y la enfermera de la familia.Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se estudiaron 377 adolescentes. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y correlación de Pearson.Resultados: Predominó el rango de edad de 15-18 (233 para 61,8 %). El nivel de escolaridad más alto terminado por las madres de los adolescentes fue el preuniversitario (143 para 37,9 %). El índice académico del adolescente en el curso anterior que predominó fue el de 90-94 (121 para 32,1%). Existió una correlación significativa entre el nivel educacional más alto terminado por la madre del adolescente y el índice académico de este en el curso anterior. Predominaron las familias medianas y nucleares. La percepción de la situación económica tanto para el adolescente como para la madre o tutor fue regular. En relación con los equipos electrodomésticos, la gran mayoría refiere tener cinco de los seis equipos de primera necesidad; en los de segunda necesidad, existe déficit de aire acondicionado en las viviendas, horno micro-onda, olla reina, computadora, video, freezer, calentador de agua, teléfono y cocina eléctrica.Conclusiones: Las condiciones de vida expresan diferencias según el nivel de escolaridad más alto terminado por la madre del adolescente y la percepción de la situación económica.

Introduction: Primary autism is a heterogeneous neurobehavioral disorder of uncertain etiology in which both genes and the environment contribute to the pathogenesis of the disorder.Objective: To identify family inherited, prenatal and perinatal risk factors in Cuban children with primary autism.Material and Methods: An observational case-control study (1:1) was carried out in children with primary autism, treated at "Juan Manuel Márquez" Pediatric Hospital, Havana, in the period from October of 2014 to September of 2019. The sample was made up of 126 cases and 126 controls. Data on neuropsychiatric diseases, prenatal and perinatal history of three generations were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors related to primary autism.Results: The odds of presenting primary autism were approximately seven and four times higher in children of mothers and fathers of advanced ages, respectively. A history of language disorders and epilepsy in first-degree relatives conferred 27- and 24-fold higher odds of presenting with autism, respectively. The odds of presenting autism were approximately ten times greater in children born to pregnant women with anemia, eight times in children born to pregnant women who had bleeding during pregnancy, and 18 times in those born to mothers with a history of pregestational diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: The history of inherited neuropsychiatric diseases and prenatal and perinatal environmental factors related to hypoxemic events are risk factors for primary autism in the sample of Cuban children studied.

Introduction: Worldwide, nearly 55 million people are living with dementia. It is estimated that this number will reach nearly 82 million in 2030 and over 152 million in 2050, unless the risk factors are identified and interventions are implemented to prevent, delay the onset, and slow or stop its progression.Objective: To provide an update on recent changes in the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Material and Methods: Bibliographic review of the literature on this subject published between January 1, 2012 and December 30, 2021 in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE Lilacs, SciELO and Cochrane CENTRAL databases, using the terms " Alzheimer”, OR “dementia”, OR “cognitive impairment”.Results: The governments must prepare for a tsunami of demands for health services as a result of the world population aging and improve the diagnoses, including biomarkers and emerging pharmacological treatments. The timely detection of cognitive impairment, and the causal diagnosis and proper management of the nosological entity is crucial.Conclusions: The health systems should introduce annual neurocognitive assessments on a global level for people over 55 years of age, facilitated by the development of biomarker science, with the opportunity to promote risk reduction strategies. The existence of potentially modifiable risk factors means that dementia can be prevented through the implementation of a public health strategy with key interventions that delay or slow down the onset of cognitive impairment and dementia.

Introduction: Verrucous carcinoma is an uncommon variant of a well differentiated squamous carcinoma that lacks cytological features of malignancy and is often slow-growing, infiltrative, but not metastatic. Objective: To identify the clinical, histopathologic and therapeutic aspects of an unusual variant of laryngeal tumor.Case presentation: A 78-year-old male patient who attended the otorhinolaryngology consultation at “Enrique Cabrera” General Teaching Hospital with dysphonia is reported as a new case of Verrucous carcinoma. Indirect laryngoscopy was performed and an exophytic lesion suggestive of neoplasia was detected.  Three biopsies were taken, but only the last one was useful to diagnose a Verrucous carcinoma. It was treated with radiation and surgery. The patient has a disease-free survival after eight years of follow-up.Conclusions: Deep biopsies performed by a skillful pathologist are necessary to reach the diagnosis of Verrucous carcinoma. Emphasis is placed on the importance of working in the context of a multidisciplinary team.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la ingesta, digestibilidad aparente, balance hídrico, balance de nitrógeno y rendimiento productivo en corderos alimentados con ensilaje de nopal asociado con forrajes tropicales. En el experimento se utilizaron 40 corderos machos cruzados intactos, con un peso corporal inicial de 18.85 ± 1.2 kg. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, con 5 tratamientos y 8 repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en dietas con diferentes proporciones de pasto buffel y salvado de trigo como fuentes de fibra detergente neutro (FDN), en ensilaje de alimento total (EAT) a base de nopal: EAT1 - 279 g/kg de pasto buffel; EAT2 - 240 g/kg de pasto buffel y 17 g/kg de salvado de trigo; EAT3 - 198 g/kg de pasto buffel y 34 g/kg de salvado de trigo; EAT4 - 108 g/kg de pasto buffel y 74 g/kg de salvado de trigo; EAT5 – 118 g/kg de salvado de trigo. La ingesta más baja de FDN se encontró en corderos que consumieron EAT5 (402 g/día). La digestibilidad aparente de los carbohidratos no fibrosos fue mayor para EAT5, mientras que la digestibilidad aparente de FDN de EAT5 y EAT4 fue mayor que la de EAT1. Las dietas promovieron una ganancia diaria de peso promedio de 180.8 g/día. En condiciones experimentales, el uso de nopal forrajero y concentrado en forma de raciones mixtas totales de ensilaje conduce a una mayor ingesta de proteína cruda, carbohidratos no fibrosos, extracto etéreo y mayor digestibilidad de carbohidratos no fibrosos y fibra detergente neutro, sin embargo, todas las dietas fueron viables en la alimentación de ovinos confinados, proporcionando ganancias de hasta 198 g/d según la formulación de la dieta.

La insulina induce la mitosis en los condrocitos equinos in vitro y mejora la producción de colágeno tipo II. La insulina, cuando se administra vía intraarticular, cambia la composición del líquido sinovial, incluyendo las concentraciones de glucosa, insulina y los niveles de glucemia. La concentración de insulina en la articulación se midió mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC, por sus siglas en inglés), que proporcionó valores farmacocinéticos. A seis caballos de raza mixta se les administraron tres dosis diferentes de insulina en una articulación antebraquiocarpiana (10, 15 y 20 UI) y se administró solución salina isotónica en la articulación contralateral. La concentración de glucosa en sangre cambió significativamente a través del tiempo para las tres dosis (P<0.0001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la concentración de proteínas y el recuento celular en el líquido sinovial entre las articulaciones tratadas y de control (P>0.05), no se encontró diferencia significativa en las concentraciones de glucosa sinovial entre las articulaciones tratadas y de control (P>0.05). Los valores obtenidos mediante HPLC se analizaron con PKAnalyst, esto reveló que los valores farmacocinéticos eran dependientes de las dosis, no hubo diferencia significativa en la concentración de glucosa en sangre entre las tres diferentes dosis (P>0.05). ELISA para el IGF-1 (factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina 1) reveló una diferencia significativa entre las articulaciones tratadas y de control (P<0.001). La insulina utilizada en este estudio demostró ser inocua para la articulación equina, no se deben administrar más de 20 UI para un caballo de 350-400 kg.

Calcium (Ca) levels decrease in blood and cytosol at the time of calving, altering nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and immune cell activity. In the nervous system, Ca participates in the conduction of stimuli. In the muscular system, it decreases contractions, causing alterations in smooth muscle, uterus and mammary gland. In the uterus, there is retention and storage of uterine fluids and waste, with bacterial complications. In the immune system, the function of neutrophils is important, and it manifests itself with a decrease in cells engaged in phagocytosis, predisposing to mastitis and metritis. In bovine hypocalcemia, two manifestations are distinguished: clinical and subclinical. In the clinical one (Ca values less than 5.5 mg/dl), homeostasis alters, with loss of appetite, decubitus and lethargy. Subclinical hypocalcemia is more common (Ca between 8.0 and 5.5 mg/dl), and homeostasis does not alter, but muscle contraction and immune function decrease. The treatment is based on the application of calcium orally in standing cows, and intravenously in prostrate cows. Prevention depends on the inclusion of rations that contain anionic salts, which favors the stimulus to maintain blood Ca levels to control the level of cations and anions. In addition, Ca can be administered orally. Calcium homeostasis in lactation is regulated by the serotonin hormone, which stimulates the parathyroid hormone and bone resorption in osteoclasts.

Los sistemas de producción ovina se enfrentan a numerosos desafíos, que hacen de la toma de decisiones un proceso lleno de riesgos e incertidumbres. En este sentido, la modelación es una herramienta útil, ya que permite a los tomadores de decisiones evaluar el comportamiento de las variables y sus interrelaciones, además de utilizar información previa o relacionada para predecir resultados y simular diferentes escenarios. El advenimiento de los modelos de predicción ha permitido monitorear el peso de un animal y determinar el mejor momento para su venta. Además, permite a los productores estimar los pesos de la canal y los principales cortes comercializables antes del sacrificio. Toda esta información está directamente asociada a la rentabilidad y el éxito de la actividad productiva. Por lo tanto, en vista de las diferentes aplicaciones de los modelos matemáticos en los sistemas de producción, esta revisión de la literatura examina los conceptos en los estudios de modelación y la importancia de utilizar modelos de predicción en la producción de ovinos de carne. Además, aborda la aplicación práctica de los estudios de modelación en la predicción de la ingesta de materia seca y los rasgos de la canal de ovinos de carne a través de variables correlacionadas.

The study analyzed, in two years, the effects of breed [Brahman (BHM; n= 65); Braunvieh (BR; n= 56)], supplementation with Zilpaterol® (ZIL; treated or control), season of birth (spring or autumn) and their interactions on body surface (BS), age (APB), body weight (WPB), body condition (BC), long dorsal muscle (DM) depth, dorsal fat (DF) thickness and serum leptin concentration (LEP) at puberty (PB) of 121 heifers. At PB, BMHs were heavier and older than BRs (376.8 ± 7.4 vs 302.0 ± 6.6 kg; 588.1 ± 14.7 vs 445.5 ± 12.5 days). ZIL increased APB, WPB, BC and DM, but did not affect DF and LEP. BHMs had 18 % more BS than BRs. However, the difference in WPB/BS was only 6.4 %. When metabolic weight (MW) was used as a proportion of BS (MW/BS) instead of WPB, the difference between BHM and BR disappeared (P>0.05). The DF was 63.7 % higher in BHM than in BR. Those born in spring started PB with 24.4 % less DF than those born in autumn. Most of the BHM heifers (73.8 %) started PB in the months when light hours were increasing (P<0.05), while in BRs, the beginning of PB was uniformly distributed throughout the year, regardless of the length of light hours; this effect was present in the two years of study. It is concluded that the establishment of puberty is a multifactorial phenomenon; seasonality affects BHM and BR differently and, apparently, BS is an important factor, probably associated with efficiency in energy use. This paper reiterates the importance of dorsal fat and documents, for the first time, MW/BS and its association with the establishment of puberty.

The objective was to determine whether an ozonized saline solution (O3SS) increases endometrial polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNN) (Exp 1) and to challenge the preventive effect of O3SS on subclinical endometritis (SCE) (Exp 2). In Exp 1, 38 primiparous Holstein cows were used. Cows with (WHM) and no history of postpartum metritis (NHM) were included; they were then divided into control (CTRL, saline solution) or O3SS (6.7 ± 0.3 ppm) subgroups. At 55 d postpartum, 50 ml of CTRL or O3SS was applied intrauterinely and at 48 h, the quantity of PMNN was recorded by endometrial cytology. In Exp 2, 26 primiparous NHM Holstein cows were used. The cows were randomly distributed in CTRL or O3SS. Two doses of 50 ml were administered with an interval of 7 d (first application 11.3 ± 0.4 d postpartum). At d 30 postpartum, SCE (≥6 % PMNN) was diagnosed. WHM cows had higher numbers of endometrial PMNN compared to NHM cows (13.9 ± 6.2 vs 1.0 ± 0.46, P<0.05). The WHM-CTRL group had a higher number of PMNN than NHM-CTRL (17.0 ± 9.6 vs 0.1 ± 0.1, P<0.05), while the WHM-O3SS and NHM-O3SS groups (10.4 ± 8.1 vs 1.8 ± 4.8, P>0.05) and the NHM-CTRL and NHM-O3SS groups (0.1 ± 0.1 and 1.8 ± 4.8, P>0.05) were not different. A statistical trend (P=0.09) of lower percentage of SCE was observed in the CTRL group compared to O3SS (15.4 and 46.2 %, respectively). In conclusion, transcervical O3SS does not increase the number of endometrial PMNN and preventive treatment with O3SS applied to NHM cows did not decrease SCE. The results suggest a possible anti-inflammatory effect of the ionized saline solution treatment.