Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El presente documento constituye la continuación del artículo denominado: La expansión del espacio costero El Coco y su relación con la vulnerabilidad a la contaminación del recurso hídrico, Península de Nicoya, Costa Rica, presentado en la Revista Geográfica de América Central, Número Nº 50, I Semestre 2013. Se problematiza las condiciones del recurso hídrico en el espacio costero El Coco, según factores, categorías, indicadores de impacto, rangos de vulnerabilidad y actores involucrados en toma de decisiones para la gestión. La propuesta articula en la figura de un Plan de gestión integral en el manejo sostenible, administración y protección del recurso hídrico, dos programas con directrices y estrategias. El primero, referente al manejo sostenible, sistemas de control y gestión administrativa del recurso hídrico y el segundo programa, desarrolla la importancia de un proyecto que permita la reforma de la legislación en materia del recurso hídrico en espacios costeros y la gestión institucional pública.

La prevalencia de la demencia incluyendo la enfermedad de Alzheimer ha aumentado de forma alarmante en los últimos años. La enfermedad de Alzheimer es uno de los problemas sociosanitarios más importantes actualmente y una de las principales causas de discapacidad y dependencia entre las personas mayores. Las causas que la originan no han sido del todo elucidadas. Algunos factores de riesgo que se asocian con la enfermedad de Alzheimer son factores genéticos, eventos vasculares, historia de traumatismo en la cabeza, estrés oxidativo, disminución de la producción de óxido nítrico a nivel endotelial, hiperhomocisteinemia, hipertensión, resistencia a la insulina, diabetes, hipercolesterolemia, obesidad, alteraciones hormonales, factores del estilo de vida y factores psicológicos. Dentro de los factores del estilo de vida, la alimentación tiene un papel esencial en la prevención y desarrollo de la enfermedad. El consumo de frutas, verduras, pescados, lácteos y derivados, frutos secos, vino tinto, aceite de oliva y té verde en cantidades adecuadas y la ingesta de ácidos grasos omega 3, folatos, vitamina A, E, C, D, B6 y B12, colina, magnesio y selenio pudieran ayudar a frenar el deterioro cognitivo y disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad. De forma contraria, el exceso de la ingesta de energía, grasas saturadas y trans parece estar relacionado con el aumento del riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad. Pese a toda la evidencia científica disponible, se requiere realizar más estudios sobre la relación entre los factores dietéticos y nutricionales y la prevención de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.ABSTRACTThe prevalence of dementia including Alzheimer's disease has increased dramatically in recent years. Currently, Alzheimer's disease is one of the most important social and health problems and one of the leading causes of disability and dependence among the elderly. The causes of the disease have not been fully elucidated. Some risk factors have been associated with Alzheimer's disease such as genetic factors, vascular events, history of head trauma, oxidative stress, the decrease production of nitric oxide in the endothelium, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hormonal disorders, lifestyle and psychological factors. Among the lifestyle factors, diet plays an essential role in the prevention and development of the disease. Consumption of adequate amounts of fruits, vegetables, fish, dairy products, nuts, red wine, olive oil and green tea, and the intake of omega 3 fatty acids, folate, vitamin A, E, C, D, B6 and B12, choline, magnesium and selenium may help curb the cognitive decline and reduce the risk of developing the disease. Conversely, excessive intake of energy, saturated and trans fats could increase the risk of developing the disease. In spite of all the available scientific evidence it requires further studies on the relationship between dietary and nutritional factors and the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.Palabras claves: alimentación, nutrición, enfermedad de Alzheimer, food, nutrition, Alzheimer's disease

Introducción: se revisan hitos históricos en la evolución de los TDAH hasta la situación actual. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar 4instrumentos que puedan utilizarse como tamizaje para que permita menor tiempo y costo en la identificación delos TDAH en escuelas primarias y secundarias Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 116 escuelas de educación básica con el criterio de inclusión de contar con 20 o más alumnos para diversas mediciones, entre ellas, instrumentos y pruebas para detectar TDAH. Por razones de edad se eliminaron para este estudio 35 escuelas preescolares, se incluyeron 56 primarias y 25 secundarias. Se evaluaron 1 742 de primaria y 798 de secundaria, 1 193 y 556 hombres, mismo orden. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: opinión de los docentes (probables TDAH), Figura de Rey-Osterrieth, (FRO) Cancelación visual de Mesulam (CV) y Conners para maestros. Los encuestadores seleccionaron un grupo control. Se cruzaron las variables entre sí.  Resultados: los instrumentos coincidentes fueron FRO ≤ de 70 y opinión de los docentes y FRO≥ 80 con controles. Conclusión: La opinión de los docentes y/o la FRO pueden ser útiles para el tamizaje en los TDAH. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Milestones are reviewed in the development of ADHD to the current situation. Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze 4 instruments that can be used as a screening to allow less time and cost models in identifying ADHD in primary and secondary schools. Methods: 116 were randomly selected primary schools with the inclusion criteria of having 20 or more students for various measurements, including instruments and testing for ADHD. For reasons of age were removed for this study 35 preschools, 56 primary and 25 secondary included. They were evaluated 1 742 primary and 798 secondary schools, 1 193 and 556 men, same order. The instruments used were opinion of teachers (probable ADHD), Figure of Rey-Osterrieth, (FRO) visual Cancellation of Meshullam (CV) and Conners teacher. Pollsters selected a control group. The variables together crossed. Results: Matching instruments were FRO ≤ 70 and opinion of teachers and controls FRO≥ 80. Conclusions: The opinion of teachers and / or the FRO may be useful for screening for ADHD. Palabras Clave: escolares, educación básica, trastornos por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, School, basic education, attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity

Some eye problems can cause loss of permanent vision. For residents of communities far from health centers, it is difficult to have professional help, a situation that causes late diagnoses that can result in irreversible visual disability in this population. The objective of the article is to characterize from the clinical and epidemiological point of view the ophthalmological diseases in two rural Ecuadorian communities. A descriptive, cross - sectional observational study was conducted in the communities of Constantino Fernández and Santa Rosa, Tungurahua province, during the March -July 2017 period. The clinical history was used as a source of information collection in the investigation. As a result, it was observed that the patients who most frequently attended the ophthalometric examination were those in the 21-30 year age group with a predominance of females. Normal visual acuitypredominated in both eyes and ametropic patients prevailed. The presbyopic population was highlighted as the most relevant optometric affectation followed by astigmatism, while the ophthalmological affectation that predominated was the pterygium. The treatments indicated in order of frequency were ophthalmic lens, ophthalmic lens for reading and referral to the ophthalmologist. It is concluded that although most of the patients had a normal visual acuity, they need to have at their reach the necessary medical services for an adequate eye health surveillance, since it was observed optometric and ophthalmological alterations that can cause partial visual disability or total if the diagnosis is not early as it is: the refractive defects like astigmatism and within the ophthalmological diseases the pterygium and the cataracts.

Biopolymers are macromolecules present and synthesized by living beings, to which they can perform chemical transformations in order to obtain products and areconsidered as biodegradable material. They are classified according to their source of origin in three subgroups: elaborated from biomass, with bioderivative monomers and those that are synthesized by microorganisms. We can find them in agricultural crops, pastures, vegetable oils or forest or organic residues such as calyx of Physalis peruviana L. This biopolymer could be used in society as a singular industrialization in a sustainable aspect within agriculture; and whose properties favor sustainable economic development and sustenance to the productive matrix. By using them you can reduce the manufacture of polymers that are made with recalcitrant oils or stone material that accumulate in the environment causing pollution. Therefore, in this research we have set ourselves the following objective: to elaborate a protocol for the manufacture of a biopolymer based on calyx of Physalis peruviana L. The preparation of the biopolymer took in three phases: pulpaje treatment, bleaching treatment and elaboration of the biopolymer and the transparency was evaluated by optical spectroscopy and solubility by mass loss. The biopolymer was obtained with the protocol based on acetic acid and glycerin and was obtained a 28% transparency. Finally realized a general cost analysis was performed on the manufacture of a cellulose biopolymer made from uvilla calyx with favorable properties.

The pedagogical training is a continuous process that prepares and updates the university professor in the domain of the contents associated with the teaching practice, for the sake of his professional and personal development to pay tribute to the quality of the formative process of the students. It contains the field of didactic training and educational research, understood as a reflection of the teaching practice. The reflection of the teaching practice is a continuous spiral where in each phase of reflection the teacher is constantly involved in an interactive process of change and development. It takes into account the stages of action research, enhancing the reconceptualization of theory and the replanning of new teaching activities, producing the most complete synthesis between theory and practice. The present work contributes to the pedagogical theory with the conception of the reflection of the teaching practice in the pedagogical formation of the university professor. Theobjective is to base the reflection of the teaching practice, as a way that favors the inclusion, from an individual and collaborative perspective, of tasks that mean a challenge for the pedagogical formation of the university professor. A guide is proposed for the reflection of the teaching practice from the action-research approach, which guides the teacher to identify their pedagogical training needs, to develop with quality the teaching-learning process in higher education, the same It was validated by experts and implemented in practice. These results are derived from a doctoral thesis defended in Pedagogical Sciences.

Between 1898 and 1909, medicine in Cuba underwent a period of profound transformations. The culminating point of that period were the Health Ordinances of 1906, the first Cuban sanitary code. It constituted, until that moment, the biggest attempt to organize the health in the country. It disposed of a technical rigor to the height of the most advanced in the world then. However, the lack of investigative-analytical attention to their content is contradictory. The aim of this paper was to analyze the main legal provisions regarding Health in the period 1898-1906 as well as the content of the Sanitary Ordinances. Guided by the scientific method, heuristic, historical- logical, inductive-deductive, synthetic analytical methods were used, among others. A total of 12 materials wereconsulted. Of primary importance were primary sources such as the Sanitary Ordinances, the Acts of the Constituent Assembly of 1901 and the Military Order 159. In a conclusive way, beyond their demonstrated values, the fundamental limitation of the Law on SanitaryOrdinances was based on the decentralized character of the health that it raised, when the Local Health Boards were dependent on the municipal councils.

Presently work is approached an approach on the music's development in the Rebirth like consequence in the new way of life and of the humanistic theories. For he/she is necessary it to detail the different expressions that arise in the musical art from the generic ones, music type, composers as well as the development of the polyphony in the different schools. For such a reason the content of the article heads to establish relationships before among the elements mentioned.

The limited use of the Excel spreadsheet in the classroom , accompanied by the limited development of skills and abilities of students in the management of this software tool , are the main problems that affect learning in Accounting students of the second semester Career in Computer Engineering from the University of Guayaquil , which is why it is finding new ways to improve their teaching knowledge, skills and logical reasoning , designing formats in Excel to provide learning and training of future professionals . Excel is one of the most used Windows utilities today that through their knowledge and use can become the main tool for student learning Accounting. This proposal involves the creation, design and application of accounting templates, with which can significantly improve student learning, enhance their job skills enabling and increase their scholarship. Accounting in one of the subjects of the academic curriculum, which is within the administrative area of the School of Systems and its teaching has been the traditional way, i.e., through the Board and calculators, which is not consistent with the technological advancement we live intoday, where you can use the computer and especially the Excel spreadsheet as a teaching resource for learning this subject.

Antimicrobial and antifungal activity in vitro was investigate by agar diffusion method, the methanol extracts, ethanolic and aqueous-alcoholic fruit of Cassia grandis L, known as fistula cane in the Ecuadorian coast, belonging to the familyLeguminosae, collected on the premises of the Citadel "Salvador Allende" University of Guayaquil. The microorganisms used, from the Microbiology Laboratory were: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis. Salmonella typhi, Salmonella gallinarum, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris. The positive control was Streptomycin Sulfate. Alkaloids, anthraquinones, fixed oils and essential, anthraquinones, coumarins, steroids, flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides and cardiac, Triterpenoids, tannins and saponins sesquiterpenlactones: a phytochemical study was further conduct. Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis: antimicrobial action was found. Significant evidence for saponin, tannins and alkaloids anthraquinones lesser extent followed by glycosides, flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactone was found.