Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The implantation of pastures can be favored by strategies that combine conventional methods of cultivation with the inoculation of microorganisms that promote plant growth, such as the rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense, which are capable of improving the nutritional status of plants through several mechanisms, including the phosphate solubilization and biological nitrogen fixation, thereby reducing the need to apply chemical fertilizers. The purpose was to evaluate forage production and macronutrient contents in the leaves of Tamani grass, fertilized with natural phosphate and inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, organized in a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with 3 replications. The treatments consisted of the presence and absence of rhizobacteria; two sources of phosphorus (triple superphosphate and natural phosphate); and five nitrogen rates (0; 75; 150; 225 and 300 kg ha-1), used as parameters to estimate biologically fixed nitrogen. The concentration of nutrients was determined in samples of cuts, performed at 56, 84 and 112 days after emergence. The effects of nitrogen fertilization were evaluated by regression analysis, with results demonstrating that the levels of N, Mg and S increase and those of P decrease linearly as a function of the applied rates. Inoculation improves the nutritional status of plants, increasing the foliar contents of N, P, K, resulting in higher production of dry biomass, in addition to reducing the need for nitrogen application by up to 40 kg ha-1.

The chemical composition of fermented beverages is determinant to delineate their sensory characteristics since they are dependent on the fruit cultivation, processing, stabilization, storage, and the intrinsic characteristics of the producing region. Alcoholic fermentation is a biochemical process of relevance for the production of beverages with unique chemical and sensory features and the analysis of the fermentative behavior promotes real conditions to control this process to maximize the quality of the produced beverage. The present project aimed at studying the fermentation kinetics of the Pearl and Hawaiian pineapple juices, commercialized in the city of Frutal/MG, determining its physical-chemical properties to observe the necessary parameters to optimize the control of the fermentative process. The beverages showed high acidity (maximum 41.7 g/L in citric acid) and dry extract (47.7 g/L after fermentation), resulting in full-bodied beverages. All beverages were classified as dry (reducing sugar content below 4 g/L), the maximum alcohol content of 7.93 % v/v (Pearl) and 5.10 % v/v (Hawaiian), and with high total phenolic content (maximum of 1049 mg/L for Pearl and 852 mg/L for Hawaiian) assuming high antioxidant capacity. The kinetic parameters obtained showed that 72 hours after the start of alcoholic fermentation can be considered as a cutoff time for the consolidation of the fermentative process.

The research aimed to determine the degradation of the paramo vegetation due to the effect of livestock in Parque Nacional Llanganates. Two paramo zones with similar characteristics were established in Anteojos and Pisayambo Lake Complexes. By using the QGIS program and the shapefile at a scale of 1: 50000, sites with the presence and absence of livestock were delimited. Through direct observation, the number of cattle running through Pisayambo was counted, the herds were registered and georeferenced in a field card. The vegetative study was carried out by applying the minimum area technique, in each study area three sample units were taken. In the research instrument, the name of the species, frequency, presence scale, and status was recorded according to the criteria indicated in the literature consulted. The results show that in the surroundings of the Pisayambo Lake Complex there are 109 specimens of cattle and 12 horses. The highest dominance of plant species is found in the Anteojos Lacustrine Complex, this is reflected in the calculated value of the Simpson Diversity Index (0.901) compared to that obtained in Pisayambo (0.860). Species resistant to the presence of cattle are Calamagrostis intermedia, Lachemilla orbiculata and Plantago rigida. In conclusion, livestock produces a negative impact on the paramo vegetation and at the same time constitutes a serious problem for the management of Parque Nacional Llanganates.

In the production of vegetables, one of the important factors in their production is the cultivation environment, which influences productivity, including varieties and growing seasons. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production, leaf temperature and soil temperature of two lettuce varieties (smooth green and crisp purple) as a function of environmental variables in two environments (field and greenhouse). The design used was completely randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (2 varieties and 2 environments), with six replications. Where, from the thermographic images, similarity was registered regarding the soil temperature between the environments, not interfering with the performance of the roots of the cultivated varieties, whereas the leaf temperature was higher for the purple curly variety. It was found that a greenhouse provided the best conditions for the development of the lettuce varieties, observing, in both environments, the best performance of the smooth green variety lettuce.

The house fly Musca domestica L.,1758 (Diptera: Muscidae) is a vector of several pathogens for humans and animals. The control flies in homes and industries generally takes place through chemical products. However, the capture of the se insects can be performed using diferente methods, including traps containing food attractants. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of attractive solutions and the developmento fartisantraps for the capture of M. domestica as a way to reduce the use of insecticides. Four solutions were tested as attractants for feeding house flies: brown sugar solution (10%); mango juice (30%), guavajuice (30%) and pine aple juice (30%),10% of the solution with brown sugar was added to each juice; and five sampling times: to the 4 days of experiment, 8 days of experiment, 12 days of experiment, 16 days of experiment and to the 20 days of experiment. The experiment design adopted was a randomized block design, with treat ments arranged in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, with four replications. The results of the present study allow us to infer that artisanal traps containing food solutions with brown sugar (10%) are the most effective in capturing M. domestica, however, guava and pineapple juices are not different in attractiveness.

Chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is highlighted for its content of macronutrients and bioactive compounds, such as vitamins and phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential, being used as a spice in Brazilian cuisine. This work aims to analyze the physicochemical, proximate, mineral and microbiological composition, in addition to quantifying bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity of chilli pepper in natura and lyophilized form. Fresh and freeze-dried peppers were evaluated in terms of their physicochemical characteristics (pH, water activity, titratable acidity and total soluble solids), centesimal (protein, lipids, moisture, ash, reducing and non-reducing carbohydrates and caloric value) mineral (macro and microminerals) and microbiological (total coliforms, thermotolerants, molds and yeasts and Salmonella research). It was observed that the chilli peppers in natura and freeze-dried showed good nutritional composition, rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential. Drying by lyophilization did not affect the components evaluated.

The objective was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of extracts of Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Croton sonderianus and Amburana cearenses on the hatchability of eggs of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The extracts of the three plant species were produced at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15%, and distilled water as a control. For each concentration, paper towel discs containing 30 eggs were immersed for 30 seconds and then left to dry, being placed in plastic pots. Each treatment consisted of four replicates containing 30 eggs each. After 24 hours of exposure to the extracts, daily readings were taken for eight days, considering that eggs not hatched after this period were not viable. During the analysis of the ovicidal effect of plant extracts on the embryonic development of S. frugiperda eggs, the hatching rate and efficiency rate of the extracts were verified. We can conclude that the hydroalcoholic extracts of C. sonderianus, Z. joazeiro and A. cearenses were efficient in inhibiting the hatchability of S. frugiperda larvae at doses of 10 and 15% of the plant structures, proving that the extracts of these plant species can be used in the reduced hatchability of eggs.

A culture is an activity that stands out in the semi-arid region of the Northeast of Brazil for the management of entrepreneurship and income. However, in this region, agricultural production has been affected by excess salts in water and soil. Therefore, the search for strategies that reduce the problems caused by salinity in cashew cultivation is of great importance, with organic fertilization being a promising alternative. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of the precocious dwarf cashew tree ‘BRS 226 Planalto’ under irrigation with saline water and fertilization with cattle manure. The experiment was carried out in drainage lysimeters, in a greenhouse. The experimental design used was a randomized block design, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme with three replications, with five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.7; 1.4; 2.1; 2.8 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four fertilization rates with cattle manure (2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5% based on soil volume). The growth of precocious dwarf cashew was measured by the diameter of the stem of the rootstock and of the scion, the plant height, the leaf area and the number of leaves, at the 122 days after transplantation. The salinity of irrigation water from 0.7 dS m-1 inhibited the initial growth of the precocious dwarf cashew tree 'BRS 226 Planalto', at 122 days after transplanting. Fertilization with high doses of cattle manure reduced the growth variables of the precocious dwarf cashew tree 'BRS 226 Planalto'.

The municipality of Novo Repartimento, Pará, went through a disorderly process of urban expansion, due to the intensification of agricultural activities, which triggered the occupation of environmentally fragile areas. This occupation accentuated negative impacts caused by deforestation by changing landscapes. Thus, the objective of the study was to analyze and evaluate the evolution of land use and occupation with emphasis on deforested areas. The procedures consisted of the elaboration and crossing of thematic maps in order to establish hierarchical classes of the variable deforestation; multitemporal analysis of the evolution of the classes of use and occupation between two distinct periods: 2000 and 2019, with the help of geotechnologies. We used cartographic data available in the database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the MapBiomas Project and Google Earth Engine. The results demonstrated the importance of the use of geotechnologies for the sustainable planning of land occupation in which, it is observed that deforestation in the municipality is increasing, and within the main variables and correlations, stands out the agricultural and timber sector.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of efficient microorganisms (EM) on common bean plants subjected to water stress. Bean plants were cultivated in a greenhouse which were subjected to treatments with different levels pot capacity (CP) (100; 75 and 50% CP) and/or efficient microorganism (EM) in the dilution of 1:20 or 1:100. The variables analyzed were gas exchange, water use efficiency (WUE), fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration, as well as biometric analysis. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test (p < 0.05). Under severe water stress (50% CP) the photosynthetic rate (A) reduced 77% as well as the stomatal conductance. The treatment with EM 1:100 showed transpiration about 3 times higher than the treatment without EM, carboxylative efficiency 3 times higher and initial fluorescence (F0) 1.2 times higher than the other treatments. Under moderate water stress (75% CP) the A reduced by 64%, plants treated with EM 1:100 increased the unregulated energy (compared to plants without EM incorporation and the values of EM were maintained, WUE by these treatments. At both levels of water stress the non-photochemical regulated energy dissipation in plants increased with the application of EM 1:20 and EM 1:100 compared to the control, both treatments with EM increased the F0 by 1,7 (EM 1:100) and 1.33 (EM 1:20). Plants had reduced height, stem diameter, fresh biomass and dry for all treatments compared to the control (100% CP). The treatments with EM reduced the leaf area and EM 1:20 was superior. Efficient microorganisms promoted possible resistance to water deficit, indicating the need for further studies. It was concluded that the use of EM appears to be promising, requiring further studies regarding its effects.