Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This research aimed to evaluate growth responses of three globular cacti species: Astrophytum asterias (Zucc.) Lem., Gymnocalycium anisitsii subsp. multiproliferum (P.J. Braun) P.J. Braun & Esteves e Frailea grahliana (F. Haage) Britton & Rosee cultivated in four organic substrates. The species were chosen based in their comercial value and availability of acquisition. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with 15 individuals of each species per treatment, as follows: SUB 1 (brazilian nut crushed seed coat), SUB 2 (cupuaçu fruit chushed bark), SUB 3 (brazilian nut crushed fruit bark) and SUB 4 (mixed tree barks chushed). Chemical anlysis of each material revealed importante diferences in pH values. The brazilian nut crushed seed coat provided the best results in height and diameter incremente for all species tested, being the most suitable material for use, both pure or added to Other materials in media composition recipes. Considering the physical properties and nutritional contentes, all materials have potential to be used as media to the tested species, however, it is recommended to use the cupuaçu bark and the mixed tree barks with Other componentes so that the pH can be balanced.

Evapotranspiration data are important for water resources management and irrigation design and management. The present work aimed to determine the probable reference evapotranspiration for Chapecó, Santa Catarina. Daily data from 07/01/1973 to 11/30/2016 from the Chapecó meteorological station were used. Daily evapotranspiration was calculated using the Penman-Monteith method and grouped into pentads. The average, maximum and minimum values per pentad as well as average values for dry and rainy days were determined. The Beta probability distribution was adjusted for each pentad and the goodness of fit was evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and determination of the maximum error, mean error, and standard error of the estimate. Probable ETo values were determined for 50, 75, 80, 90, and 95% probability. The average monthly values obtained were 18 to 80% higher than those normally used in the region, with the greatest differences occurring in the winter months. It is observed that the mean values of ETo per pentad vary from 1.60 mm day-1 to 4.84 mm day-1. The ETo values of dry days are on average 38% higher than those of rainy days. The ETo with 75% of probability presents values of 10 to 32% superior to the values of ETo with 50% of probability, being the differences bigger in the winter months. For the design of irrigation projects in the Chapecó region, it is recommended to use ETo values with 75% probability.

The objective of the study is to analyze the role of the actors involved in the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) in enabling sustainable feeding. In this way, we sought to understand what concerns, actions and changes they have carried out or desired. This qualitative research analyzed 11 municipalities in Paraná based on the acquisition and non-acquisition of organic food from family farming. Semi-structured interviews were applied with family farmers, municipal managers, nutritionists, school directors and cooks, totaling 50 respondents. Among the most reported concerns are the application of chemical inputs in food, solid waste generated, consumption of local and less industrialized foods and food waste. Regarding the actions and changes towards a more sustainable diet, nutritionists from municipalities that purchase organic food showed greater understanding on the subject, while for secretaries of education and family agriculture there was no difference in the responses between the municipalities. This evidence points to the need for training and raising awareness among social actors so that school meals can be a vector of sustainability.

The referred research highlights the importance of water, emphasizing the knowledge of the amount of volume in storage, as an indispensable proposition, especially in regions where there are irregularities in the amount of rain and in the distribution over time. Remote sensing has been gaining a lot of space in management of the basins, as it helps to identify and monitor possible changes in natural resources. The Sumé public reservoir is located in the hydrographic basin of the Alto Rio Paraiba, in the cariri region of Paraiba, with a maximum storage capacity of 44.8 million m3 with a relative area of the water mirror of 8.5 million m2, to carry out this research, orbital images from the Landsat 8/OLI, Landsat 5/TM and ETM and Landsat 7/TM and ETM+ satellites were used. the system used for digital processing was SPRING version 5.5.1. For digital image processing, the following methodologies were used: contrast; main components (bands 5, 4 and 3 - Landsat 5 and 7; and 6, 5 and 4 - Landsat 8); IVDN; highlight by decorrelation (DECO); adjusted multispectral composition (CMA); and, false color composition. The RGB-CONTRASTE was the one with the highest correlation (0.9998), accompanied by CMA-DECO with (0.9979). Remote sensing proved to be effective for the study of water resources, being an economically viable method with fast results.

The Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is known as macassar bean and colony bean. In addition to its economic importance, it has high nutritional contents, being a substitute for animal protein. Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are known to be biological controllers and for their versatility. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma spp. on the growth of cowpea plants. Fifteen Trichoderma isolates and one cowpea genotype were used. The bioassay was completely randomized, repeating once. The isolates were multiplied in parboiled rice. From each isolate, a suspension of conidia adjusted to 106 conidia mL-1 was prepared, each plant receiving 25 mL of the suspension, evaluating 30 days after inoculation, plant height, weight of green mass and dry mass. Ten isolates provided gains in height of the treated plants, differing on average from the control in the two bioassays performed. Plants treated with T 12.11 and T 5.16 had increases in green and dry mass weight in all bioassays and in all analyzed variables. The use of Trichoderma species to promote growth in cowpea represents a viable alternative for farmers. The most promising isolates T 2.24 and T 2.54 from the species T. asperelloides, and T 5.16 and T 12.11 from Trichoderma spp. can be used to increase dry matter in cowpea, requiring studies in order to visualize greater commercial production and to develop more practical forms of inoculation.

Human activities modify the natural characteristics of numerous watersheds worldwide. Google Earth Engine provides tools for the analysis of land use and natural resources. In this work, we classify current land use and cover in the Sucuru watershed, Paraíba, Brazil. We compared the accuracy of five supervised classification algorithms of Google Earth Engine. Classifiers based on Decision Trees, such as the Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and Random Forest (RF), showed the best accuracy and visual inspection values. The Google Earth Engine is a powerful tool for analysis of large-scale environmental data, monitoring land use changes, and providing information for sustainable management.

A problem little examined in the theoretical design are the moods addressed in the built space, for example the feelings of attraction or rejection in certain places, the feeling of belonging to a place, or the solemnity and transcendence in the face of certain urban forms, buildings, or public spaces, like graveyards, churchs, or gardens and squares. In this work it is proposed that in order to know how architecture influences the emotions of the inhabitants, the urban-architectural design specialist must explore their own experiences with the architectural space, and with the social and emotional sphere that is part of it. To demonstrate this, the concept of empathy, social cognition, and social interaction were briefly addressed, based on a bibliographic review of recent theoretical works on urban-architectural design. Theoretical, methodological and epistemic basis of design where compared with others from cultural geography, urban and cultural studies, and cognitive sciences in its embodied aspect, as well as from the hermeneutical tradition on the interpretation of meanings. As case studies, some references on public space and the urban space of historic cities were chosen, as significant elements or forms in the daily life of the inhabitants. It was shown that, although brain activity coordinates social cognition and various emotional states, the urban-social context also determines the meaning of emotions and sensitive experiences, since a socio-spatial process of collective production of meanings occurs through the inter- corporeality and interaction.

Community participation and political action in urban transformation is the central approach in this discussion, which also arises from practices, images and social knowledge in the encounter between the architecture of the city as a stage and everyday urban life as the symbolic component that reveals identities in the thread of intercultural meanings. The purpose is to support community participatory urban design processes based on the socio-aesthetic analysis of urban life, understood as an epistemological, theoretical and methodological approach for urban transformation from collective dialogue. Among the findings, a series of categories of analysis were obtained, namely: sociocultural historical analysis, analysis of urban life as daily praxis, characterization of the environmental quality of the space given the local territorial conditions, ordering of security and control technologies, and the popular production of public policies of urban space considering public policies. The research carried out in the historic center of Santa Lucía emphasizes the relationship between space-time, everyday life and urban architecture, determinant to think of an intercultural urbanism centered on community dialogues built with, from and for the people, strengthening participation and political action in the creation of urban spaces that respond to the needs and demands of the communities.

This article questions Territorial Strategic Planning as a neutral tool, problematizing the way it has historically marked the landscape and the people who inhabit it. This reflection was developed during the preparation of a Strategic Plan for the North Caribbean Region, for which various sources of information were reviewed, such as: legislation on the matter, geospatial data, the historical configuration of production models, and academic research of relevance. With this, an alternative was proposed that would break with the hegemonic way of planning, while at the same time it suggests its use as a means to validate the population, by attending to their needs and respecting their human rights.

This article aims to carry out an abstract mural analysis of the architectural work of the mural of the Arnoldo Herrera González Theater, located in Sabana Norte, San José, Costa Rica, prepared in the 1950s by the visual artists Rafael Ángel García and Néstor Zeledón Guzmán with a reinforced concrete technique. Methodologically, interviews were carried out and analyzed with the artists García and Zeledón, members of Group 8 of the Costa Rican plastic arts, as well as a bibliographic review and an analytical observation of the compositional elements of the mural under study. Thus, it seeks to generate visibility by considering itself one of the most important pioneering works of abstract art in Costa Rica. Therefore, it is intended to exalt the value of said artistic work, since it has remained anonymous within the artistic and cultural community of the country. In this sense, the pioneering and innovative large-format abstract work is recognized and exhibited, from the perspective of execution for the artistic heritage, as well as its harmonious consideration together with the architectural work as it is an important aspect within history of Costa Rican art.