Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Hygienism as a current of thought permeated the health sciences and policies of governments, spreading its influence not only in Europe, but also in the world. In the discipline of architecture, hygienist precepts were embodied in the archetype of the "model hospital", inspiring the design of new construction systems, such as the Tollet system, distinguished by the construction of pavilions with pointed vaults, whose shape, in relation to with the precise arrangement of large windows and different openings that would promote, through natural ventilation, the effective evacuation of malignant effluvia, known at that time as miasmas. This work analyzes the vicissitudes that had to be resolved during the construction of the General Hospital of Mexico, in an attempt to capture the hygienist maxims of the modern french "model hospital" and the Tollet system, whose solution finally led to the construction of wedge vaults. of thin brick, designed by Rafael Guastavino.

Introducción: El carcinoma basocelular es una neoplasia maligna derivada de las células epidérmicas de los folículos pilosos o células no queratinizadas puede ser desfigurante y originar deformidades o pérdida de la función del órgano afectado, es más frecuente en zonas sobresalientes como la nariz.Objetivo: Describir los resultados de la aplicación de la combinación sinérgica de interferones alpha-2b y gamma en una serie de casos con carcinoma basocelular nasal.Material y método: Se realizó un estudio de serie de casos clínicos, se incluyeron 28 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico, dermatoscópico e histopatológico de carcinoma basocelular de la nariz que acudieron a consulta de dermatología del Policlínico Centro de Sancti Spíritus en el período de 17 de enero de 2016 a 28 de diciembre de 2021. Se realizó una evaluación inicial y otra final a las 16 semanas después del comienzo del tratamiento. Se administró 10,5 UI de HeberFERON, 3 veces por semana perilesional e intradérmica hasta completar 9 dosis. Las variables principales fueron la respuesta al tratamiento y presencia o no de evento adversos.Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino, fototipocutáneo II, localización en el dorso y ala nasal, subtipo clínico nódulo ulcerativo y el histológico sólido. En la mayoría de los pacientes desapreció el tumor al culminar el esquema terapéutico. Como eventos adversos más comunes se presentaron dolor en el sitio de inyección, fiebre, edema y eritema perilesional.Conclusiones La respuesta al tratamiento fue completa en la mayoría de los pacientes y los eventos adversos los descritos en la literatura sin cambios en la actitud farmacológica.

Este estudio investigó la inclusión del ensilado de orujo de uva (EOU; 0, 10, 20 y 30 %), se evaluó en dietas de corderos, en la ingesta y digestibilidad de nutrientes, balance de nitrógeno y comportamiento ingestivo. Cuatro corderos de la raza Santa Inés con un peso de 21.93 ± 87 kg y aproximadamente siete meses de edad fueron alojados en jaulas metabólicas y distribuidos en un diseño cuadrado latino de 4x4. Los tratamientos consistieron en cuatro dietas con la inclusión de 0, 10, 20 y 30 % de EOU en las dietas. La ingesta de nutrientes se observó con un comportamiento lineal creciente para la ingesta de extracto etéreo (EE) (P<0.05) de acuerdo con el aumento de EE en las dietas, causado por el contenido de EE de las semillas en el EOU. Las dietas no difirieron en los coeficientes de digestibilidad de nutrientes y balancede nitrógeno (P>0.05), con una digestibilidad de materia seca (DMS) media de 678.6 ± 0.62 g kg-1 de MS y retención media de N de 239.78 g kg-1 de N ingerido. El comportamiento ingestivo de las dietas solo influyó (P<0.05) en el tiempo que los animales permanecieron inactivos de pie. Este parámetro  mostró un comportamiento  cuadrático con un punto  máximo estimado en 17.73 % de EOU (P=0.041). En conclusión, se puede hacer uso de EOU hasta un nivel de inclusión del 30 % sin afectar negativamente a los parámetros evaluados.

A cross-sectional study was conducted with the purpose of determinate the risk factors associated with the serological frequency of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) in sheep and goats from northeastern Mexico. From 128 herds, 71 of goats, 32 of sheep and 25 mixed herds (goats + sheep), 768 individual sera were collected from animals ≥1 yr old. From each herd, 4 to 5 serum samples were mixed and analyzed by ELISA to identify antibodies against SRLV glycoprotein 135. Samples were obtained from randomly selected animals in 2019 and 2020. A questionnaire was applied to the producers and the data were analyzed to determine the risk factors associated with herd seropositivity by logistic regression. The proportion of seropositive herds, overall, was estimated at 50.6 %. According to the type of herd, seropositivity in goat herds was 62.0 %, in sheep herds 25.4 % and 50.2 % in mixed herds. The risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies against SRLV were the presence of animals with arthritis, veterinary care, reuse of needles, nerve alterations, low pregnancy rate, type of herd and mastitis. Serological frequency indicates a high endemicity of SRLV in small ruminant herds from northeastern Mexico.

El ultrasonido permite visualizar el tracto reproductivo femenino y ayuda a comprender algunos de los eventos reproductivos más relevantes como el desarrollo folicular y del cuerpo lúteo, la ovulación, el diagnóstico de gestación, las infecciones uterinas, el crecimiento embrionario y fetal, entre otros. Hoy en día, existe una gran cantidad de información sobre la fisiología y la ultrasonografía de los eventos reproductivos mencionados anteriormente. Sin embargo, el abrumador número de artículos disponibles revisa los aspectos técnicos de la ultrasonografía, la fisiología y el manejo reproductivo por separado. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente revisión es fusionar una descripción fisiológica con el manejo reproductivo y los aspectos técnicos de imágenes de ultrasonido originales de los eventos reproductivos más relevantes en el ganado lechero, para promover el uso de ultrasonido durante el manejo reproductivo del ganado lechero por parte de profesionales e investigadores.

The objective was to review, based on predominantly recent publications, the knowledge on the components of the ingestion behavior (IB) of cows that graze in a temperate climate, and their relationship with the characteristics of the pastures that regulate the daily forage intake (FI). The components of IB that regulate FI are bite mass (BM, g DM bite-1), bite rate (BR, bites min-1), intake rate (IR, g DM min-1) and grazing time (GT, min d-1). The mass, height and density of pasture forage affect BM and consequently, FI. Pasture height is related to IB components and is useful for assessing FI. Based on studies in temperate pastures in a vegetative state, it is highlighted that the FI of cows increases with increases in pasture height, because they harvest bites of greater BM, which allows them to obtain high IRs. But there is evidence that IR may decrease in pastures that are too tall; to process larger bites, cows reduce their BR and execute more compound and chewing jaw movements. In contrast, in short pastures, cows increase their BR and GT, to remedy the reduction in IR due to harvesting lighter weight bites, although this does not fully compensate for the decrease in IR. Therefore, to maintain high IRs, cows should not be forced to consume forage at high grazing intensities.

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a disease that affects 2 to 25 % of equines worldwide, 56% of which go blind; therefore, it is considered the most common cause of blindness in horses. ERU is a spontaneous immune-mediated condition characterized by recurrent intraocular inflammatory events. Currently, there is no treatment for horses with this disease. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from various tissues, such as Wharton's jelly (WJ), have demonstrated their ability to modulate the immune response by negatively regulating the inflammatory process. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of using MSCs derived from WJ as a treatment for ERU. The WJ was obtained and processed according to previously described methodologies for obtaining EMF. The horses involved in this study received a dose of 5x106 MSCs in the subpalpebral area. The research evaluated the concentration of interleukins (IL: IL-1a, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-g, and TNFa) in tear samples obtained before treatment inoculation, 30 min after the inoculation, and 7 days post inoculation. No significant changes in IL concentration were observed suggesting a decrease in pro-inflammatory ILs. However, horses with ERU treated with MSCs exhibited a positive response to therapy, evidenced by a decrease in signs of ERU. The results obtained suggest that treatment of ERU with WJ-derived MSCs is a safe alternative with promising results.

Objective. To determine the magnitude of mortality due to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) nationally and by age group, sex, state of residence and insurance status, as well as to evaluate time trends during the period 1998-2018 Materials and methods. We obtained ALL mortality data and estimated age-standardized national, state-level and health insurance mortality rates. We conducted a joinpoint regression analysis to describe mortality trends across the study period and estimate the average annual percent change (AAPC). Results. In a 20-year period, age-standardized ALL mortality rates increased from 1.6 per 100 000 in 1998 to 1.7 in 2018. Nationally, a constant annual increase in mortality was observed for both sexes (1998-2002 AAPC 0.6 in boys, and 1998-2002 AAPC 0.3 in girls). We observed heteroge­neity in childhood ALL at a state level. Conclusion. Our results reflect the social, economic, geographic diversity of the country. Monitoring and surveillance of this disease is crucial to assess quality of care.

Objective. To describe current cervical cancer screening program guidelines in Latin America. Materials and methods. We searched official recommendations for the general population and women living with HIV (WLHIV) by reviewing official sources from 19 countries; these data were supplemented with a consultation carried out by the WHO with the Ministries of Health. Results. Screening policies vary significantly in regard to target populations, primary tests, and screening intervals. Sixteen countries have recently updated their recommendations; however, cytology remains the primary screening test for most countries. Eleven countries have introduced HPV tests, and eight countries have implemented screen-and-treat algorithms; only three countries have developed evidence-based guidelines. All countries but Costa Rica have specific recommendations for WLHIV. Conclusions. Although most countries have updated their screening policies, only a few are properly alig­ned with the WHO elimination strategy. Recommendations for WLHIV require better integration with cervical cancer screening programs.

This manuscript proposes a novel version of an academic program for community outreach in Native populations of Bangladesh. The curricular content was designed to gather and comprehensively understand community health experiences, and the design methodology proposed structured student learning around integrative factors that determined community health realities. The authors refer to the need to curricularly assign a basic human health need, such as water, nutrition, housing, sanitation, or work, so as to undertake an in-depth exploration of that topic and understand the practical conceptual foundation and interdependencies among the social determinants of health that produce community health outcomes. This document showcases student projects, their own practical solutions to real health problems, and how they and their community of teachers successfully learned and carried out simple solutions that can be applied to disadvantaged communities.