Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Citrus production in Nicaragua is of great economic importance since it generates foreign currency for the country and this industry also generates direct and indirect jobs. However, citrus areas are threatened by the disease known as huanglongbing (HLB), which is transmitted by the psyllid Diaphorina citri. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to generate information related to the detection of the causative agent of HLB (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus – CLas) and the population fluctuation of Diaphorina citri in four citrus nurseries in the department of Masaya, Nicaragua. For four months, the detection of the causative agent of huanglongbing was carried out through the PCR technique, the vector population fluctuation, and the effect of insecticide usage on the insect population fluctuation were determined. In the study of population fluctuation yellow traps were used, which were checked at 8-day intervals. The causal agent of huanglongbing was detected in the four nurseries. All three stages of the psyllid occurred during the study period. The highest population peaks of adults occurred in April, coinciding with high temperatures and low rainfall. The CLas variant is the one that was present in the four nurseries. The population fluctuation of Diaphorina citri by nursery was variable over time. The highest population peaks were observed in the month of April. Insecticide applications reduced the populations of Diaphorina citri in each of the nurseries

In this study we used a recent cross-sectional survey data in Niger state, Nigeria to examine the relationship between shock impact, risk perception and adoption of risk mitigation methods among farming households in Niger state, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to; (i) describe risks perception among the farming households; (ii) examine the determinants of future risk perception among the farmers; and (iii) describe the mitigation methods applied by the households.  A frequency table was used to describe impact and future risk perception; Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was used to analyze the determinants of future risk perception among the farming households, and a graph was used to describe the mitigation methods applied by the households. The result showed that the majority of the respondents experienced extreme weather events with the mean of 2 times per household and experienced the highest severity. The most perceived future risks in five years were extreme weather events with a mean of 6 times per household over five years and predicted with the highest severity. OLS regression result showed that weather impact, biological impact, economic impact, socio-political impact and household head age were significant and positive determinants of future risk perception. While marital status was negatively related to future risk perception. The mitigation methods mostly employed in the area were drought-tolerant crops (63%), diversification of crop, plot and livestock (61%), buffer stock (55%), dry season irrigated rice farming (41%). The study recommends that farmers should be encouraged to diversify their sources of livelihood to boost their adaptive capacity. The government needs to invest more in the expansion of irrigation facilities to ensure all-year-round food production and to improve households’ welfare.

The purpose of the research was to analyze the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of the livelihoods of rural families in the face of climate change in three municipalities of the department of Madriz (Totogalpa, Palacagüina and Telpaneca) located in the dry corridor of the country. The assessment of the impact, vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate change of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007 was taken as the main theoretical reference. The methodology used was mixed, quantitative and qualitative, using the survey as the main instrument and applied to rural families, in addition to a focus group, interviews with territorial actors and a case study. The variables evaluated were exposure index, sensitivity index and adaptive capacity index, broken down into 62 indicators. A variance analysis was performed to determine statistical differences between the indicators and descriptive statistics to determine the degree of vulnerability. The results show that the territories differ statistically in 80% of the indicators. In addition, the average vulnerability to climate change is x̄ 63.19 for Totogalpa, x̄ 62.94 for Palacagüina and x̄ 66.05 for Telpaneca, the latter territory being the one with the largest population segment (86.44%) in a high degree of vulnerability (61-80). The lack of water is the main problem that affects the majority of families in the three municipalities (98.29%).

Because pork meat is in high demand, pig farms implement artificial insemination to produce a greater proportion of this protein; however, it is valuable to take into account many aspects at the time of heat detection and timely inseminate to achieve production goals. In this article we present the progress of a bibliographical review on the repeated identification of errors or oversights, incurred by human factors, that do not favor the pregnancy of the sows inseminated with any of the different techniques or in the procedures carried out for the collection and evaluation of the semen. For this, various types of documents (mainly articles and degree theses) have been considered in university repositories, in indexed journals and in recognized databases. In these reviews, it is verified that the personnel in charge of carrying out each one of the processes to inseminate must not only have a deep and updated knowledge about the characteristics of the reproducers or about the analysis of porcine sperm, but must also know about the different stages of the sow's estrus and the optimal moment to inseminate; important factors to achieve the expected pregnancy and increase reproductive rates on farms. In this sense, the decrease in the percentage of artificially inseminated pregnant sows is attributed to failures directly related to this process, ignorance of specific factors in each of the steps to inseminate and insufficient preparation of the people who perform it; For this reason, it is important that they have a high level of training that allows them to implement and develop the different insemination techniques to improve and increase pig production

The document shows some of the results of an investigation on information needs and information behaviour in the Purépecha indigenous community in the town of Cherán in the State of Michoacán, Mexico. This study contemplated the following objectives to be achieved: identify information needs; detect information behavior in the aspects of use of mobile devices and internet access, including the most frequently used sources of information The sample of the population was 276 people distributed in the following strata: Students, Teachers, Housewives, Artisan, Fathers or head of the family, Merchant, Member of the Major Council, Member of the Youth Council and Campfire Coordinator. The application period took approximately two weeks before the start of the pandemic. These results present the information needs detected but related to the age, gender and occupation of the people surveyed. The sample of the population was intended to be adequate and a structured interview was applied. The research is based on the first two phases of the Modelo NEIN (model on information needs). The results show the information that the members of this community need and that deal mainly with: health, education, customs, commerce, social organization and purchaseselling. These take different priority depending on the age, gender and occupation of the people, showing that external and internal factors impact on the subjects and influence the information needs they present. Likewise, it occurs with informational behavior, which in this case, it is only concerned with showing the use of mobile devices and internet access, on the one hand, and on the other hand, on the sources to which they go to find information: they go to different types of people and very little use of the library.

A model is proposed to guide publishers in the integration of metadata through the publishing process, developed with the application of qualitative methods, software engineering tools and good practices, based on FRBR, OAIS models, as well as the life cycle of the book. It departed from the definition of the publishing process based on typical cases and the identification of the basic preservation metadata of the digital book treated as software and its quality attributes.

Science is a social activity that must be evaluated to determine its performance. This study aimed to evaluate the institutional performance of ECOSUR´s scientific productivity using information from the Web of Science (WoS) from 1995-2020. During this period ECOSUR produced 3,753 papers, mostly oriented towards natural science. There was an increasing trend in the number of publications produced during the study period. 2018 was the year with the highest number of publications (336 articles). A high percentage (>70%) was published in English, 26% in Spanish and the rest in other languages. More than 60% of the articles was published in journals with an impact factor (IF) higher than one, the highest IF was 10.464 but with few articles. Productivity was not homogeneous: 38% of researchers published more than 50 research papers, and many others fewer than 20. 

The study focuses on the use and non-use of bibliographic managers by members of the university community that participated in the training carried out by the Central Library of the National University of San Marcos, which have been developed throughout the 2021. Likewise, it tries to identify the differences in use by type of academic profile, area of study, age and scientific production. An online questionnaire was sent and a set of 953 responses was collected and analyzed. 66.5 % identified themselves as non-users and only 33.5% as users. Among the latter, 27.6% are undergraduate students, as well as Mendeley (49.5%) and Zotero (26.0 %) turned out to be the most used managers. The lack of knowledge of these tools and the difficult handling were the main causes of not using bibliographic managers. Regarding the characteristics, the analysis revealed that a relationship prevails in the use of bibliographic managers with the aspects of age (young users) and scientific production (greater number of publications), however, aspect such as the area of study and profile academic does not represent a conclusive relation in the use of these tools.

This article investigated the participation of Latin American and Caribbean countries in one of the major international organizations of Library Science, the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). IFLA has aimed to strengthen libraries for a more literate, informed, and participatory society for 95 years with 130 member countries. From an exploratory investigation on the IFLA web pages, since 2015, a survey was made of the participation of Latin American countries in the entire structure of the institution, as well as the origin of Presidents and the cities of World Library and Information Congress (WLIC). Brazil has the largest number of representations (47), although Mexico has more affiliated organizations (9). Three editions of WLIC have taken place in the region, being Cuba, Argentina, and Puerto Rico. So far, no Latin American president has been elected. Since 2018 IFLA is working hard to expand more participation, however, it also requires the engagement of Latin American librarians to cooperate with the Institution and represent the demands of their countries.

The objective of this study is to propose usage strategies to effect a greater engagement of libraries in the social network TikTok, observing this platform as a potentially innovative tool. This is a study based on a descriptive and exploratory research with a qualitative approach, with a survey of research and experience reports in scientific databases about the use of TikTok in libraries, as well as the collection of profiles in the social network itself. The results observed identified a still expanding scenario of libraries in the strategic use of TikTok specifically directed to marketing and digital positioning. That said, a proposal for planning the strategic use of TikTok focused on improving the digital positioning of libraries on the social network was developed, based on three aspects: good practices of use, tactics for influencer marketing, and supporting digital tools. It was concluded that TikTok offers a range of possibilities for innovation in social media, being necessary that libraries start to use this platform as a resource for the optimization of their digital positioning in relation to the user, having in mind, mainly, the social and technological changes that are being remodeled from the Covid-19 pandemic.