Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Looking for Industrial Engineering professional ethos reconstruction from its actors’ subjectivity, a qualitative research on professional experience and meaning construction on ethics and interculturality, in Chilean Industrial engineers and students who had already finished their last practicum, is reported. All participants had studied or were still studying in Chilean public universities. Inquiry was performed by means of individual and group interviews which provided 19 texts, afterwards analyzed by means of Grounded Theory procedures. Results allow to adventure that Industrial Engineering ethos, in Chile, had as its nucleus efficiency, and so, tasks quality itself. Nevertheless, this ethos is tensioned with the aspiration to transform this discipline in one whose professionals also would work being conscious of its social responsibility. According to these results, it’s feasible to presume that, at least in Chile, Industrial Engineering is experiencing a reconstruction process in its moral character.

This article discloses the results of an research into the process of stigma and discrimination in children with HIV and aids, and the impact they have on adherence from a bioethics perspective. It is a deliberative hermeneutical study using narrative in primary caregivers and children, questionnaires were applied to determine them the presence of these variables. The interpretation of the data was performed according to the theory of Paul Ricoeur, on three occasions: respect and esteem; fulfilling relationships; and ethical and fair institutions. Eleven cases were studied: 6 boys and 5 girls of which only three were adherents: 2 and 1 respectively. Hypothesis was tested for the influence that stigma and discrimination have on adherence to treatment; detected cases coincided with those of non-adherence to treatment. Discussion of the problem was performed suggesting courses prudent action in all three levels. The importance in caring and esteem showed primary caregivers; as it influences the development and perception of the syndrome in children.

Descriptive and exploratory, retrospective study, conducted from the collection of the records of patients in a hematological unit of a large hospital in the city of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with the aim of identifying risk factors in the use of antimicrobials in from January 2010 to December 2012. based on the factors identified were proposed bioethical reflections based on the principle of non-maleficence, focusing on the issue of bacterial resistance. Been identified as risk factors, the lack of adoption of precautionary measures according to the type of microorganisms, the empirical use of antimicrobials, the non-solicitation of antibiogram culture, lack of adherence to institutional protocols for infection control service and prolonged hospital stay. The results showed risk situations that demonstrate the irrational use of antimicrobial agents in the institution studied, leading to risks and even damage to patients and contributing to the increase in bacterial resistance. We stress the importance of investment in research and production of new antimicrobials, however, should be adopted control measures and prevention of risks associated with improper use of them, professional, and institutional awareness of society itself.

The international pharmacovigilance system collects adverse drug events reported by physicians in their clinical practice. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) reported are scarce. We designed a questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire (24 questions) was administered to a sample of physicians in Mexico City. Questionnaire responses indicated that having pharmacovigilance systems is important. Despite this, nearly three quarters of respondents did not know how to report an adverse drug reaction, and two-fifths were not willing to do so. Three quarters believed that education regarding reporting and its methods should be initiated during medical school. The results from our questionnaire suggest that medical school training in ADR report writing should be implemented. Good protocols have to be in place to ensure that ADR report forms have easy-to-follow guidelines and are easy to complete. It is recommended that the programs of training and medical education generate conscience of responsability towards the report of ADRs.

Although access to health care is a right in Chile, various surveys and studies show that not all Chileans have equal rates of oral health. The most deprived populations, rural, ethnic minority and older have traditionally exhibited worst results in studies. It has started to include oral health in government plans through GES coverage (Health Explicit Guarantees) of some actions or groups. Chilean Primary Health also has oral health programs in their centers. Another strategy is to promote self-care by individuals, but despite all this, the most affected groups are maintained with bad numbers. What is the cause of this disparity? Why is oral health inequitable in Chile? Survey results, publications and studies on the subject were reviewed and the resulting conclusion is that social determinants are the essential factors. Until these issues do not improve, it is difficult to achieve a fairer reality oral health.

The structure, composition and diversity of the floodplain forest (SMPC) of Bravaisia integerrima were studied in the two largest forest stands in Tabasco, Mexico: the Ecological Reserve Yu-Balcah (YCAH) with 271 ha, and State Park La Chontalpa (PECH) with 191 ha. In each forest stand 10 plots of 1000 m2 were sampled. Tree individuals sampled were identified to species, and evaluated in three age categories, seedlings, saplings, and adults. The relationship between species richness and sampling effort was analyzed using Chao 2, ICE, Jacknife 1, Jacknife 2 and Bootstrap. The structural analysis was based on the importance value index. The diversity of species was evaluated, using the Margalef index (DMg), α de Fisher, Shannon-Wiener (H') and equity of Pielou J. The dominance indices of Berger-Parker (d) and Simpson (D) were also used. The total number of species was 76, belonging to 64 genera and 33 botanical families. The richest family was Leguminosae with 15 species. The basal area of the sites YCAH and PECH was 37.2 and 29.5 m2ha-1, respectively. Bravaisia integerrima was the most important tree species in all stands, with an Importance Index of 277. The value of the Shannon index was 2.0 in both sites. YCAH showed the best ecological condition. Six species present in the stands are considered as threatened in Mexico (NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010). The current extent of the floodplain forest of Bravaisia in Tabasco State is 490 ha. The results suggest that the structure and composition of this forest has been affected by human activity. As a consequence, to guarantee the conservation of these remnants of SMPC in Tabasco, it is important to verify their legal situation and the application of management plans, designed to improve the productive activities of the rural communities that live around the stands. To succeed in this endeavor, it is necessary that governmental actors, academics, non-governmental organizations, and civil society work together.

Echinocactus platyacanthus is one of the most abundant and widely distributed cacti in Mexico. In this work we compared the population structure of this species in two areas with contrasting accessibility degree within the Biosphere Reserve “Barranca de Metztitlán” in the state of Hidalgo. The site with difficult accessibility (S1) had a larger total number of individuals, with larger dimensions, and more juveniles. The site with easy accessibility (S2) had a predominance of adults. A total of 456 individuals were counted and only one sapling was found. We estimated a population density of 1410 individuals/ha in S1 and 863 individuals/ha in S2. We determined the type of population as regressive, because in both sites we found a significantly larger number of individuals in the stage of maturity and a low number of juveniles (12.9%), which suggests a future population decline.

The date of introduction of invasive species in new areas is of high ecological, evolutionary and biogeographical relevance, although it can be difficult to determine. Historical sources on the European colonization period may contain relevant data about the arrival of some non-native taxa in America. During the Jesuit missionary period (1697-1768) in the Peninsula of Baja California (PBC), the first permanent human settlements were established and agriculture and livestock were introduced. Written sources by Jesuit missionaries who were present in the PBC were reviewed and precise data were found in the chronicle of Miguel del Barco regarding the presence and abundance of two currently invasive plants Arundo donax and Ricinus communis, which were already present in the PBC by the first half of eighteenth century.

Three new species of Myrtaceae from Querétaro and Hidalgo, México are described and illustrated: Calyptranthes moctezumae, Eugenia queretaroana and E. huasteca. Calyptranthes moctezumae is related with C. schlechtendaliana and C. schiedeana, from which it is distinguished by the lesser number of nerves per leaf, petioles 1 to 5 mm long, and because it occurs in tropical deciduous and subdeciduous forest, as well as submontane scrub. Eugenia queretaroana is similar to E. crenularis and E. pueblana; nevertheless, it is distinguished by the coppery indumentum, terete petiole, infundibuliform hypanthium, and ellipsoid fruit with a false stipe at base. Eugenia huasteca is related with E. capuli; however, the new species is distinguishable from all the other species in the genus by the brownish-red to whitish indumentum of simple hairs and the sessile flowers.

Lamiaceae is one of the most diverse families in Mexico; however, no recent data on distribution and richness were available for Michoacán. Fourteen genera and 105 native or naturalized species were recorded, following a thorough review of bibliographical sources and herbarium specimens at CIMI, EBUM, ENCB, IEB and MEXU. Salvia is the most widely represented genus, followed by Stachys, Hyptis and Scutellaria. Five endemic species of Salvia were found and one more for Stachys, as well as two new records for Scutellaria. Most of the species are located in the Mexican Volcanic Arc province, in temperate environments where conifer, oak and mesophyllous forests prevail. Fewer representatives were found in the Sierra Madre del Sur province for most of the genera, except Vitex; mainly within the Balsas and Tepalcatepec river depressions. Those genera with North American Laurasian affinities were located in the conifer forests of the Mexican Volcanic Arc and the Sierra Madre del Sur, whereas Hyptis and Vitex of South American Gondwanan affinity were most frequent in the tropical dry forests of the Sierra Madre del Sur. Michoacán is among the most diverse Mexican states with respect to Lamiaceae; however, these numbers may increase following a significant collection effort for the noticeably neglected Sierra Madre del Sur region.