Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Onomatology is not only a linguistic feature of a language, but it also contains a varied range of extralinguistic codifications. In this paper we analyze, from a linguistic and comparative point of view, the translation of Chinese anthroponomy into Spanish using a parallel corpus made of one of the most well-known Chinese classic novels, Journey to the West, and its two translations into Spanish. We have classified the 661 anthroponyms found in the novel according to their semantic, semiotic or phonologic information and detected four translation techniques used in this process: phonetic transcription —with the addition or not of explicit and implicit footnotes—, normal trans-lation, creation or omission. We aimed to analyze and compare the best translation methods used to translate anthroponyms —be they real or created for literary purposes— from Chinese into Spanish, a task that requires in-depth research when communication deepens between these two cultures.

In the framework of corpus linguistics and based on the Corpus of Spanish in the 21st Century and the Contemporary Chinese National Corpus, this paper takes Spanish adverb of degree demasiado (“too”, in english) and its Chinese equivalent ?(tài) as example and analyses their semantic prosody with the method proposed by Zhao and Li (2010) and using the software AntConc; at the same time, it explores its teaching application. The conclusions of the study are as follows: 1. Both demasiado and?(tài) have mixed semantic prosody and their uses frequently express a negative or neutral attitude; 2. Same as ?(tài), demasiado is used as a kind of euphemism in negative sentences; 3. Compared to ?(tài), demasiado expresses the positive attitude less; 4. In the process of teaching Spanish to Chinese speakers, assisted by the study of semantic prosody we can deepen the semantic analysis of words, visualize their most common combinations and avoid the negative transfer of Chinese.

Based on a literary corpus, the objective of this work is to analyze the contrastive aspects of verbal courtesy and the use of treatment formulas in Chi-nese and Spanish culture. According to the analyzes based on the theories about verbal courtesy, we have achieved the following results: 1. The courtesy of Chinese culture confers a capital importance to collectivist values, however, the Spanish culture gives more importance to individual desires and needs; 2. Chinese people resort more frequently to treatment formulas in verbal communication than Spanish speakers, since in Chinese culture these are considered as a rule of verbal courtesy; 3. In Chinese there are more varieties of treatment formulas, so their use is more complex, in Spanish, however, it is homogeneous.

This article aims at exploring how China has been using its economic instruments (in this context, trade relations with other countries) as a foreign policy tool, where China expects to exert pressure on an objective whenever its interests are threatened. This article uses a mixed method approach with primary sources such as media and government reports (qualitative) and economic indicators (quantitative) to prove that the concept of sanctions is not solely limited to the traditional blockades. Evidence shows that economic statecraft has widened the fields of foreign policy analysis and international relations by modifying the concept of sanctions ordered or imposed by the United Nations or the United State, as economic statecraft can be imposed unilaterally through multiple alternatives. South Korea is a clear example after it was subject to economic pressure from China in 2017 resulting from their decision to deploy the THAAD missile system.

When the Spanish civil war broke out, the government of Mexico, led by president Lázaro Cárdenas, undertook from humanitarian actions to direct and indirect support for the shipment of arms and ammunition to confront Franco’s forces. In this con-text, the “Florida Maru incident” takes place, a ship with a Japanese flag, which was transporting a shipment of military equipment bound for the port of Manzanillo, produced a complex diplomatic dispute between Mexico and Japan that could be addressed through dialogue and the negotiation. In this sense, this article seeks, through a descriptive-historical analysis, to identify the context of Spanish-Mexican relations in the framework of the civil war; and then focus on the analysis of the Florida Maru through the analysis of the documents consulted in the historical archives of the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Mexico and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, which allow us to identify two important findings: In the first place , the priority of the Lázaro Cárdenas government to support the Second Republic in supplying arms using all the logistical and diplomatic means available to the embargo policies of the United States and other European countries; second, the deployment of dialogue and lobbying as instruments to resolve diplomatic tensions with Japan, which were resolved without compromising the traditional ties of friendship that both countries had cultivated since the formal beginning of their political and diplomatic contacts at the end of the century XIX. 

The originality and relevance of this research lie in the importance of the customs function seen from a non-parametric two-stage quantitative approach. In such a way, that the objective of the present work is to determine the efficiency of the customs with respect to its performance in international trade, considering 29 countries of the APEC region. As a methodological tool, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Network is used. The main results show that the most efficient customs according to the variables considered are China, Germany, Singapore and France, among others. Within the limitations of the work, it is important to say that were not include some countries of the APEC region due to the lack of information for these countries. The findings can be useful in the public customs management in order to increase their efficiency and thus improve the commercial flow of the countries analyzed.

Japan is one of the most traditional and consistent providers of development cooperation in the international community. Although Southeast Asia has been the main destination for its assistance, it has cooperated with Africa since 1960 considering its precarious development and international relevance. The Tokyo International Conference on African Development is the platform through which development projects for Africa are promoted. Thus, this paper analyzes the evolution of Japanese cooperation in the region, underling its interests, and positive impact through two projects, that show Japanese interest, but also the positive impact on African development within the framework of a model of “integral cooperation for development” linking official development assistance, private investment, and humanitarian assistance.  

In this study, we aim at analyzing differences and similarities of the general characteristics existing in the production of speech acts of petition between Chinese and Spanish languages. The following results are obtained: 1) When we issue the petition in Chinese, the weakening language behavior can be achieved through internal and external modifications; however, in Spanish the weakening language behavior is achieved through the use of conventionally indirect strategies. 2) In Spanish, since neither the internal modifications or external modifications nor the opening markers are used in this language, the speech acts of petition are relatively simple. 3) In intercultural communication, communication clashes occur more frequently in the cases of internal modifications, in the support movement and in the aleters, because more differences are observed in those aspects, which lead to negative transfer.

The automotive industry has been considered a source for achieving development in emerging economies. In an ideal setting, supplier firms and assembly plants work interconnected creating positive externalities, but it has been shown that this is difficult to achieve for developing countries. The case of Mexico stands out as a country that has successfully attracted major Japanese automotive assemblers but has struggled to include endogenous firms in the supply chains primarily due to the inability to meet technological and quality requirements. This study employs a qualitative case study methodology to analyze knowledge transfer processes to local firms that participated in a training project from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The results show that through training, participating local firms improved quality and productivity measurements. The knowledge acquired was internalized and diffused within the firm allowing for industry-specific certifications, market growth, and market diversification.

There is a sense of déjà vu in the recent Indo-Pacific talk. Twenty years into the twenty-first century, after the interlude of the (US) “unipolar moment”, Asia-Pacific seems to have metamorphosized into the Indo-Pacific, an even vaster expanse. But are we correct in presuming the latest regional construct? Without denying the possibility that it might turn out a useful notion, based on the experience of the Asia-Pacific idea in this article I question the current furor around the Indo-Pacific concept. I probe how the Indo-Pacific region could come into being from three different International Relations (IR) perspec-tives: realism, liberalism, and constructivism. The article is divided into five sections: in the first one I begin by recapping the origins and reach of the Asia-Pacific concept, and then I proceed to trace the origins of the more recent one, Indo-Pacific. In the three following sections I briefly review the three analytical perspectives mentioned (realism, liberalism, and constructivism) in turn, looking at how they would account for the (potential) emergence of the Indo-Pacific. The final section recapitulates and presents some concluding remarks.