Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Book reviewPolítica y pensamiento político en Japón, 1926-2012, Michiko Tanaka (Coordinadora), El Colegio de México, 2014.

Introduction. Confinement was implemented as a preventive measure to limit contagion in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This measure limited food availability and favored the consumption of less healthy processed and non-perishable foods. These behaviors can be seen as related to mental health disorders, such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Methods. It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic convenience sampling carried out between August-October 2020, with the participation of 1657 Latin American people from the general population. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 questionnaire and the eating behaviors questionnaire associated with stress, anxiety, and depression-17 were applied. Ordinal logistic regression was used to assess the association between variables. Results. The 62% of participants presented some degree of depression; 55.9%, anxiety; and 55.2%, stress. An association was found between stress with physical activity (p 0.048) and consumption of fish (p 0.041), water (p 0.003), breads / desserts (p 0.005), fast foods (p <0.001), sugary drinks (p 0.035), tea and infusions (p 0.023), and cocoa and its derivatives (p 0.018). Another association was also found between anxiety with physical activity (p 0.006) and intake of vegetables (p 0.022), fish (p 0.031), oils (p 0.008), breads / desserts (p 0.026), fast foods (p <0.001), tea and infusions (p 0.018), cocoa and derivatives (p 0.038), and vitamin supplements (p 0.016). Depression was also found as associated with physical activity (p 0.037) and consumption of fruits (p 0.012), water (p 0.012), coffee (p 0.045), breads / desserts (p 0.003), and fast foods (p <0.001). Conclusions. An association was found between consuming certain foods and high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression.

Objective: This research aimed to examine the effect of the Active Mobile Schools intervention on self-efficacy, enjoyment, and the perception of the level of physical activity in Costa Rican and Panamanian children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The research sample comprised 55 girls and boys, aged between 7 and 9 years, from two public schools in Panama and Costa Rica. Results: The study mainly found that the intervention positively affected (pre-post improvements) the three dependent variables, but only in self-efficacy was the effect statistically significant (with moderate magnitude). In enjoyment and level of physical activity, the effect was small. There were no differences between countries, but a trend of deterioration was found in the participants of the control groups, in the three variables, especially in the Panamanian participants. Conclusions: The study leads to the conclusion that this intervention showed that using a multilevel model in times of pandemic, it was possible to improve the perception of self-efficacy and maintain levels of enjoyment and physical activity in the participating population, unlike the control group that showed a deterioration of the three variables in the infants.

Objective: From a socio-historical approach with emphasis on the social history of knowledge and experts, the following scientific work analyzes the XIV Pan American Congress of Physical Education held in Costa Rica in 1993. The paper analyzes the event as a space for sociability, knowledge circulation, legitimation of certain experts, influence, and power of some international organizations. Based on this analysis, the article aims to examine the knowledge, experts, and organizations that validated certain true meanings on how to conceptualize the vast universe of physical culture, physical education, and sports. Material and methods: To conduct the hermeneutical analysis within the framework of a qualitative methodology. Interpretive attention has been focused on various documentary sources, such as memoirs and reports of the congress, the written press, the central exhibitions, the general lectures, and the memories related to other Pan American congresses. Likewise, a set of semi-structured interviews have been carried out. The analysis has articulated the “text” with the historical conditions of production and interaction of the investigated universe. Results and conclusion: Among the conclusions, the congress is identified as a space in which the educational discipline was questioned through various types of knowledge, highlighting the biomedical, pedagogical, didactic, and sociological ones. In addition, the congress made visible certain international experts and important transnational institutions linked to the heterogeneous field of physical culture.

 The environmental management of investment projects in Peru has a great challenge: to guarantee their environmental viability through the search for a balance between the environmental impacts generated and the management measures implemented to prevent, correct, mitigate and even compensate them; all with the purpose of complying with the central objective of our environmental legal system, sustainable development. However, what happens when this task is found to be incomplete? When, for reasons unrelated and/or linked to the environmental impact assessment process, it is verified, during the exercise of the environmental supervision function, that the environmental management instruments do not identify all the impacts that in practice are being generated when they enter into execution. Our environmental legal system has regulated this assumption, establishing the possibility that the environmental supervision authority may require the updating or modification of the environmental study, in order to incorporate the unforeseen negative environmental impacts. This article analyzes this scenario and the challenges that an administrative measure of this nature represents in the framework of the necessary articulation between the National System of Environmental Impact Assessment and the National System of Evaluation and Control, two key pillars for the adequate environmental management of investment projects.

 The purpose of this article is to determine the legal consequence of non-compliance with the protection measures issued in the framework of a process for acts of violence against members of a family group, since there is a normative juxtaposition between the crime of family violence and against women and the crime of resistance or disobedience to authority. First, a normative historical study will be developed regarding violence against members of the family group and against women. Subsequently, we will carry out a study on the crime of resistance or disobedience to authority. In addition, we will expose criminal law pills on crime competition, which will allow the problem to be elucidated. Finally, we propose an alternative solution, indicating that we are facing an apparent competition of laws, therefore, the application of the aggravating circumstance of the crime of violence against members of a family group and against women corresponds, as it is a more benign norm.

The present work aims to analyze the article 419 (2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, in accordance with article 425 (3) (b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which allows the conviction of the acquitted by the Superior Criminal Court, a rule that remains in force despite the fact that, the majority of the jurisprudence issued by the Supreme Court of the Republic and the Constitutional Court itself have declared that convincing the acquitted violates the right to a plurality of instances, a fundamental right contained in article 139 (6) of the Constitution of Peru. And even the Constitutional Court in its ruling in case No. 04374-2015-PHC/TC, dated July 21, 2020, urged the Congress of the Republic to establish an amendment to article 425 (3) (b) of the current Code of Criminal Procedure to enable the review, through an ordinary appeal, of the conviction of the person acquitted in the first instance. It is analyzed, how is it that by continuing in force the procedural rules that allow the acquitted to be convicted, in the face of the contrary position of the jurisprudence, it generates a problem of procedural nature that has to do with the reasonable term in any trial, therefore it is urgent that the Congress of the Republic settle the issue.

 A comparative analytical study on the validity of the law is offered by the Danish legal philosopher Alf Ross, in his work: "On Law and Justice". Ross will begin his academic journey through a careful observation of the game of chess and argues that the concept of the "validity of law" must be analyzed and interpreted in the same way as the concept of the "current rule of chess". And it is here, where he will provide the meaning of current law. It will also clarify the content of the legal order with the explanation regarding to whom it is directed and what is the meaning of the rules of a national legal order, differentiating and defining for this purpose the rules of conduct and the rules of competence in order to elucidate and understand with the parameters of Ross' thought, the current law and its application in the Peruvian legal order.

The author emphasizes that not all aggression against a woman should be presumed carried out under the gender motive, since this must be accredited. It develops the concepts of Violence against women because of their gender, structural discrimination, gender stereotypes and gender approach. Based on the conceptual development, it analyzes how to apply the gender approach and identify gender stereotypes, by developing a practical case of violence against women due to their condition as such, typically subsumed in the crime of attempted femicide. Finally, the author develops the proposal in order to identify the position of dominance in the interpersonal dynamics between victim/perpetrator.

Given the difficulties of making an adequate compensation for environmental damage caused by oil spills, this article presents the treatment of Law of Torts and summarizes the American experience in the case of environmental damage caused by oil spills through punitive damages. Likewise, through an Economic Analysis of Law, the evaluation of the efficiency of punitive damages in terms of compensation for environmental damage due to oil spills is presented and compared to administrative sanctions for environmental damage.