Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Microscopy techniques are essential for understanding the structure of materials of interest in agriculture, food, and the environment. These techniques can be classified according to their operating principles, such as fluorescence, electron, and probe scanning. Their complementary techniques provide specific advantages in the characterization of materials in the above mentioned fields. These approaches facilitate the characterization of the structure and morphology at nanometric and atomic scales of different materials through high-resolution images, as well as the analysis of important characteristics related to the composition and distribution of specific components. In this work, detailed descriptions are given of the operation principles of light microscopy (LM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), superresolution microscopy (SRM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A compilation of operating principles is presented along with examples obtained with advanced microscopy techniques applied to the afore mentioned areas. In addition, the preparation of the samples to obtain the final images is described in order to explain the interaction of the sample with the modes of operation for each technique. This review provides an overview of microscopy techniques used in various fields of nanotechnology, including agriculture, food, and the environment.

En este trabajo se realiza una revisión taxonómica de los peces óseos de Galicia (Clase Actinopteri) del Orden Acipenseriformes al Orden Scorpaeniformes, a través de los distintos tratados y publicaciones ictiológicas publicadas a lo largo de la historia. Se listan un total de 219 especies, de las cuales ocho se consideran dudosas, al no estar su presencia suficientemente demostrada o porque existen dudas sobre su estatus taxonómico. Una revisión de la bibliografía y nomenclatura científica nos ha permitido citar nuevas especies para Galicia y reasignar antiguas denominaciones a nuevas especies, subsanando errores de identificación de otros autores. Esta revisión permite además conocer la primera cita para cada especie en Galicia y establecer una cronología precisa del conocimiento taxonómico histórico de estos grupos de peces.

Las algas rojas coralinas conforman un grupo bentónico diverso en el noroeste ibérico, el cual ha sido revisitado en el contexto de una reciente tesis doctoral. En el presente trabajo, se aportan datos para 22 especies, siendo 9 de ellas (Harveylithon samoënse, Hydrolithon boreale, H. cf. sargassi, Lithophyllum cf. crouaniorum, Pneophyllum cf. confervicola, P. coronatum, P. cf. limitatum, P. cf. myriocarpum y Titanoderma pustulatum var. confine) nuevas citas para Galicia. Por otra parte, las 8 especies Hydrolithon boreale, Lithophyllum bathyporum. L. cf. crouaniorum, Mesophyllum expansum, Pneophyllum cf. myriocarpum, Titanoderma corallinae, T. laminariae y T. pustulatum var. confine son novedad para Portugal continental y Phymatolithon lamii para norte de Portugal. Paralelamente, se dan a conocer 14 nuevas citas provinciales y 8 segundas citas provinciales. También se excluye Lithophyllum duckerae y Phymatolithon purpureum de la flora del Atlántico ibérico.

Abstract A new species of dorid nudibranch, Doris adrianae sp. nov. is described, from the Ría de Ferrol (NW Iberian Peninsula) on rocky bottoms, between 11 and 20 m deep, where the sponge Polymastia boletiformis (Lamarck, 1815) on which it feeds is common. The new species is oval-shaped and yellow to yellow-orange in colour, with the back covered by rounded tubercles of various sizes, reinforced by tegumentary spicules. It is characterised by numerous integumentary and fusiform calcareous spicules, mainly grouped in multispicular bundles that give it a complex and very dense skeletal structure, giving the animal great consistency without losing flexibility. In addition, it differs from other known species of the genus Doris Linnaeus, 1758 by various external and internal characters, mainly by the colouring and tubercles of the body, characters of the radula and of the digestive and reproductive systems. Doris adrianae sp. nov. also presents a marked genetic distance in the barcode fragment (cox1-5') with other species of the genus Doris.

En este trabajo se realiza una revisión taxonómica de los peces óseos de Galicia (Clase Actinopteri) del Orden Trachiniformes al Orden Tetraodontiformes, a través de los distintos tratados y publicaciones ictiológicas publicadas a lo largo de la historia. Se listan un total de 188 especies, de las cuales 5 se consideran dudosas, al no estar su presencia suficientemente demostrada. Una revisión de la bibliografía y nomenclatura científica nos ha permitido citar nuevas especies para Galicia y reasignar antiguas denominaciones a nuevas especies, subsanando errores de identificación de otros autores. El orden Perciformes, con 145 especies, es el más numeroso de los peces de Galicia. A este orden pertenecen especies de alto interés comercial como el jurel Trachurus trachurus y la caballa Scomber scombrus. El listado también incluye también los primeros registros para Galicia de especies de carácter tropical desplazadas hacia el norte debido al cambio climático a lo largo de estas últimas décadas. Algunas de estas especies son el jurelo azul Caranx crysos, el pez globo Lagocephalus laevigatus y el mero tropical Epinephelus aeneus.

The study of the Bryozoan material preserved in the Museum of Natural History of the University of Santiago de Compostela is addressed. The Museum houses four different collections that contain Bryozoan samples: The collection of the "Santander Marine Biology Station", the "Marine Fauna of Galicia", the Types Collection, and the General Collection of Bryozoa, which is by far the most extensive. In total, these collections contain 1061 samples of Bryozoa, preserved in dry, alcohol or even formaldehyde, corresponding to 241 species. A small part is exposed to the public, while most is deposited in the Museum's collection room. 98% of the samples come from Iberian waters, and more specifically 92% come from Galicia or Portugal. 84% of the material has been cited in various scientific publications and 13% has also been figured, making the collection an important reference material. A quarter of the samples are also particularly relevant for different reasons: The collections house four Holotypes and ten Paratypes of six species; in addition, another 59 species are generally uncommon, or their material is the only Iberian, or Spanish, material that is preserved.

After Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl was first cited in Madrid (Spain) in 1983, the species has multiplied and extended countrywide in the last 40 years. Subsequent new citations indicate its presence in other European countries in western part of the continent. Based on published information and new records from Spain, its expansion in the Iberian Peninsula and Europe in general is summarized.

This study describes the parasite communities of the fish Notothenia rossii Richardson, 1844 at two Antarctic localities, the Northern Peninsula Antarctic Area (NPA), and Greenwich Island (IGR). In addition, data from Muñoz and Rebolledo (2018) collected from a third locality, King George Island (IRJ). Abundance and species richness of parasite infra-communities, and parasite composition were compared between these three localities. Total length of hosts was included in the analyses. Nineteen parasite species were found in N. rossii at NPA and IGR. Most of the species had already been recorded in IRJ. The acanthocephalans Metacanthocephalus johnstoni Zdzitowiecki, 1983 and Aspersentis megarhynchus (von Linstow, 1892), and the digeneans of Macvicaria spp. were the most prevalent and dominant species at different localities, IRJ, NPA and IGR, respectively. Infra-community parasite abundance was significantly different between IRJ and NPA, while parasite richness was similar among the three localities. The total length of N. rossii from IRJ was significantly higher than the other two localities. Parasite abundance and species richness were significantly correlated with the fish total length, except the parasite richness at NPA. The Jaccard similarity index between pairs of localities was between 65% and 76%. However, the great abundance differences among parasitespecies resulted in fish having different proportions in parasite composition between IRJ and IGR. This finding was not due to differences in host total length, but indicates that biotic and abiotic conditions are disparate, and therefore, ecosystem dynamics differ between those localities.

In Ecuador, knowledge of isopod parasitism on fish is scarce. To date, only five species of Isopoda are known to parasitize fish in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Here, we present records of the first infestation of commensal-host interaction between Serrasalmus rhombeus Linnaeus, 1766 and Asotana formosa Schiödte & Meinert, 1881 in the Ecuadorian Amazon region, based on specimens collected in the Huiririma River, northeastern part of the country. Asotana formosa is located in the mouth cavity of S. rhombeus, where it causes mild lesions in the epithelium. Parasitic intensity was one isopod per host and the prevalence was 3.8 %.

The aim of the study was to describe brain extraction in the larval bioregulator Gambusia punctata (Poey, 1854) as a technical aspect of research. The study was carried out in March 2021 where an area near the mouth of the Almendares River, Havana, Cuba was selected through random probabilistic sampling. The brain extraction in the species G. punctata, was by means of an instrument with two tweezers: holding and dissecting, which allowed manipulation and greater control over the biological sample. The technical aspect of research for the extraction of the brain is as follows: 1st) the individual (male or female) is placed in a ventral position and by means of a smooth stainless steel dissection forceps the containment of the biological sample is carried out, 2nd) with a curved and toothed iris thinker for delicate tissues, the cephalic region is desquamated, and 3rd) visualization and extraction of the brain with a smooth holding forceps until conization is shown in the anatomical region of the brain. In this study, a simple description for brain extraction was shown, which constituted a technical aspect of research that allowed the analysis of enzymatic biomarkers, genetic transcription, histological analysis, DNA molecule, neuropeptides, as well as the bioaccumulation of metals. It is concluded that the technical description of the extraction was simple with which the physiological, morphological and molecular analyses are allowed to verify the survival and, in this case, of the species before their interactions with the environment.