Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The use of escape rooms in educational contexts, and particularly in initial teacher training, can offer new opportunities to address disciplines such as the ones that are part of the social sciences. This research details the design and implementation of an educational escape room focused on history education that was put into practice with a total of 261 prospective teachers, enrolled in diverse degrees (Masters’ Degree in Secondary Education, Bachelor’s Degree in Primary Education, Bachelor’s Degree in Early-Childhood Education, and Joint Degree in Early-Childhood and Primary Education). The study examines, using a mixed-methods methodological approach, the conceptions, assessment and perspectives of the participants, regarding their experience in the implementation and about the educational potential of these resources. Results show a very positive assessment of some of the elements that were part of the design that was implemented, including the atmosphere, the trials, the time, and the historical sources that were used. At the same time, it is possible to detect that prospective teachers highlight the motivational potential and to generate learning of escape rooms, and they are receptive to implementing them in their future practice as educators. In many of the answers, the adoption of an educational perspective, usually of a spontaneous nature, is detected when addressing the use of escape rooms that makes them adopt a vision of the teacher that develops and puts into practice this activity in the classroom, although differences between degrees are found. A discussion is presented regarding the usefulness of these resources from the point of view of initial teacher training, and about the way the integration of elements can help improve the instruction of prospective educators in disciplines such as history.

Smartphone use by young Spanish students has been broadly explored, specifically among university, high school, and primary school students. The goal of this article is to analyze smartphone use, its gender differences, and its relationship with Internet gaming disorder and Internet gambling disorder in vocational education and training (VET) students. A retrospective ex post facto study was carried out in which habitual uses of the mobile phone, experiences related to it, Internet gaming disorder, and online pathological gambling were evaluated. The sample consisted of 1,107 VET students (55.1% male) with a mean age of 18.8 years. Problematic smartphone use was observed in 7.9% of the sample and 28.6% used it with occasional problems. Gender differences were obtained, with a higher presence of problematic use among females. According to the regression analysis, the variables that best differentiated participants who presented problematic smartphone use were using it in class, being female, and being a user of movies and videogames. Between videogames and gambling users, the variable that best differentiated participants who presented problematic smartphone use was videogame use. Although the prevalence of frequent problems with smartphone use is relatively low, the percentage of students at risk must not be disregarded by the educational community. It is recommended to promote the appropriate use of technologies in VET students. The gender differences found in this study should be addressed with special consideration.

At present, systemic skills have become a differentiating aspect and engine of employability. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to analyze the predictive capacity of systemic skills on the employability of graduates in Social Education, studying the associations between employability and systemic skills. The sample is non-probabilistic of convenience and is made up of 608 Social Education graduates from 29 Spanish universities. Using the Transversal Degree Competences Assessment Questionnaire (CECTGRA), three key dimensions have been analyzed: the Development of systemic skills during university studies, their current Domain or acquisition; and the Relevance they give them for their professional development. The analysis carried out shows that when motivational competence develops during studies, employability is favored. Likewise, the high mastery of motivational, autonomous work, adaptation to new situations and research competences influences, as well as the fact that Social Educators consider motivation, adaptation to new situations, knowledge of research and entrepreneurial attitude to be relevant. It has been observed that the highest probability of finding a job among Social Education graduates (93.4%) occurs in those who give more importance to entrepreneurial aptitude, who during their studies developed self-employment competence and whose mastery of motivation is high. Finally, the study carried out makes it possible to make a real training proposal for Social Educators from the perspective of systemic skills, in which curricula with long and varied internships and methodologies that promote motivation and adaptation to change are prioritized, the autonomous work of students and research.

This paper analyzes the impact of three alternative measures of educational mismatch (overeducation, horizontal mismatch and overskilling) on the wages of a sample of Spanish university graduates who have recently finished their studies. In the literature, two alternative theories have been proposed to explain the educational mismatch: the allocation theory, which states that worker productivity is limited by job characteristics, so that overeducated workers underutilize their skills and therefore earn lower wages; and the theory of skill heterogeneity which states that the educational mismatch is apparent to the extent that overeducated workers have a lower endowment of knowledge and skills. With the aim of trying to shed some light on this theoretical debate, the 2019 data from the "University Graduate Job Placement Survey", carried out by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE), has been analyzed. For the empirical analysis we have estimated the wage penalties of the three types of educational mismatch. In order to control for individual heterogeneity in estimating the wage effects a fixed effects model is used. The results of the empirical work indicate that the overeducated graduates suffer a substantial and statistically significant wage penalty both in the fixed effects model and in the ordinary least squares model. From the economic point of view, overeducation represents a waste of resources. Therefore, public authorities should create the conditions to strengthen the demand for qualified labor so that the labor market can absorb the growing supply of graduates that the Spanish university system has produced in recent decades.

This study draws on literature on argumentation and critical thinking. Its main goal is to analyse teenagers’ critical thinking to manage scientific information in social networks. We analysed 95 ninth graders’ quality of argumentation on their degree of agreement and their degree of credibility of a fake news item. The design included a dependent variable (argumentative competence), two independent variables (degree of agreement, degree of credibility) and a covariate (reading comprehension). A significant correlation was found between the degree of agreement and the degree of credibility. In addition, the degree of credibility decreases significantly as reading comprehension increases. Students who positioned themselves against the claim of the fake news and those who did not believe it showed higher argumentative quality in their texts than those who both agreed with and believed it. These results bring evidence of the confirmation bias claim when we apply it to fake news. We tend to accept information that confirms our prior beliefs uncritically. Similarly, 83% of those who did not believe the content of the news would consult an additional text, compared to 62.5% of those who agreed with it. This is a result that highlights the urgency of implementing educational guidelines to help students develop critical skills to manage fake news.

The purpose of this article is to understand the incidence of cultural policies carried out by the Colombian State in the construction of identity in Ciro Guerra's film La sombra del caminante (2004). To this end, the institutional work was reviewed from the creation of the Ministry of Culture by Ernesto Samper, through the General Law of Culture (1997), until the enactment of the Law of Cinema (2003). In addition, the context and professional trajectory of Ciro Guerra are characterized. It is concluded that the Colombian State has sought, through cultural policies, to institutionalize a key area to solve the armed conflict. For his part, Guerra presents in his film a message of reconciliation based on truth, justice and the guarantee of non-repetition.

This article, which is part of a research focused on the diachronic mapping of the figurations of the maternal universe in Argentine cinema, reflects on the film Guacho (Lucas Demare, 1954), regarding the modes of representation of women-mothers that deviate from the canonical paradigm that subordinates female desire to the reproductive role and the socio-affective role of childcare. From the model of cultural history, the first part reconstructs, from an exhaustive hemerographic work, the material plot that made possible this blockbuster, which was the highest grossing film in 1954, had international exhibition and migrated to other media formats, putting it in correlation with its socio-political context of inscription. Taking critical tools from gender studies, the second part is interested in examining some of the signs that account for that "deviant" feminine-maternal agency, taking into consideration the narrative and figurative strategies put into play for its representation.

The aim of this article is to identify how the Ecuadorian Government’s has managed the communication on social media of vaccination campaign 9/100, released after the COVID-19 pandemic. After reviewing the main theories related government communications and risk management in the context of public health, the activity in social media of the Communications Office of the Government from May 24 to September 1 of 2021 is studied. Therefore, to begin, it has been applied the PRGS model (Presence, Response, Generation and Suggestion) to measure the activity and response received on social media. Then, the content of the posts has been reviewed, through the analysis of the messages given on the posts from the point of view of its frame, presentation, and purpose. The findings reveal that the vaccination campaign was the main theme on social media and that the messages published were part of a proper risk communications strategy. Nonetheless, there were found certain deficiencies regarding risk managing in the context of public health.

This article addresses the dynamics of cultural consumption of university students through the relationship between supply and demand of cultural content, and the construction of a cultural agency of these actors in the first year of studies at the Universidad Veracruzana. Through a case study, with a population of 436 students and the use of a quantitative method of bivariate type, an approach to these social actors and their way of consuming a virtual and face-to-face offer is made. Among the findings there is a profile of disruptive students, who break with cultural consumption structures. This is a phenomenon external to the school context, where practices continue to be traditional.

During the 1990s, a controversy developed within communication studies in the English-speaking world between representatives of Cultural Studies and referents of the Political Economy of Communication field. In 2014, in the Spanish-speaking world, this debate returned to the academic scene through Christian Fuchs, who developed a questioning of three books ascribed to the Cultural Studies. The purpose of this paper is, first, to systematize the original debate and then, to carry out the same operation with its most recent version. Finally, to project both controversies on Henry Jenkins' approach to the "culture of convergence". It is understood that the significance of this analytical operation resides in the fact that this category assumes in an extreme form the proposals of Cultural Studies that are the object of the questioning of the Political Economy of Communication. These issues highlight the importance of analyzing communication and culture from this perspective.