Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: to analyze the diversity, use and management of roots and edible tubers, through the analysis of the use value index (IVU) and the level of significant use TRAMIL. Methodology: questionnaires were applied to 60 people from the community, as well as six interviews and ethnographic observation with key informants. Limitations: is a case study, where, in the milpa, in addition to the traditional polycultures, beans, corn and pumpkin, tubers are grown. Those are important for food and that would be enriching to expand the area of study and permanence in the Mayan communities to document and revalue the reincorporation of the cultivation of roots and tubers in the Mayan milpa. Results: 6 species and 27 varieties were found. The 49.9% of respondents reported knowing all the varieties described and five categories of use were registered for the species: human food, animal food, medicinal, ritual/ceremonial and ornamental. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), makal (Xanthosoma yucatanense) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) had the highest IVU (0.06), while jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) showed the lowest value (0.05). Eight varieties presented a significant level of use greater than 20%: white cassava (88.3%), jicama sak chikam (86.66%), sweet potato with sak iss varieties (75%), maay muula (71.6%) and xk'an iss (68.3%). Finally, yellow cassava (41.6%), and makal with two varieties xka' aben makal (28.3%) and x'mejen sak makal (31.6%). Conclusions: The milpa and the solar are still the places where these plants are grown, so they constitute the reservoirs where they can be preserved. Several factors influence changes in the diet and cultivation of the Mayan community of Xocén, with migration and climate change being the most relevant.

Objective: The main objective of this research was to analyze the feeding practices of infants who attended Mexican Social Security Institute nurseries (IMSS), in two states in Mexico with opposite prevalence of overweight and obesity. Methodology: This was rapid qualitative research through semi structured interviews (n=66) with parents and staff in 14 IMSS day-care centers located in Oaxaca and Yucatan. Results: The feeding process in day-care is structured and homogenized. Awareness and knowledge about each part of the process are perceived in the staff so that the food service is as close to the regulations as possible. Mothers and fathers consider that feeding at nurseries differs from feeding at home. Limitations: This study did not investigate in depth about food control practices that parents or caregivers could exercise, and that affect the formation of habits. Finally, the results and testimonies of this study may not be valid in other population groups. Conclusions: Day-care centers play a crucial role in the development of eating habits of minors, by providing an environment for healthy eating practices and promoting knowledge of new foods.

Objetivo: Measure the effects of the price support policy on the production, consumption and trade balance of beans in the Central Valleys region of Oaxaca. Methodology: An endogenous price programming model was used that maximizes economic surpluses in the bean market in the Central Valleys, using average information for the period 2017-2019. Results: With the price support policy, production would increase by 13.0 % and consumption would decrease by 3.5 %, compared to the levels observed in the base year. These changes would reduce the trade balance from 6.3 to 5.5 thousand tons. The above changes would determine an increase of 27.6 % in the producer surplus and a contraction in the consumer surplus of 6.9 % with respect to the level observed in the base year. Limitations: The elasticities used correspond to the national bean market. Conclusions: The price support policy has a positive effect on the production and producer welfare and a negative effect on the consumption and consumer welfare. The increase in bean production would not be enough to eliminate the trade deficit; therefore, the implementation of other policies to increase legume production is recommended.

Objetive: This works aims to differentiate between subliminal and deceptive advertising, delving into the history and development of the latter, and expose the means and forms of deception commonly used by industries. Methodology: A review of the main doctrinal contributions on the matter has been carried out, as well as an analysis of the applicable legislation. Results: Likewise, both its current Spanish regulations and the existing regulations to protect the consumer are detailed. Limitations: The continuous growth and evolution of the use of misleading food advertising in recent decades has resulted in a consumer ignorant of the reality of their purchase. Conclusions: Every day there are more innovative products made up of ingredients totally unknown to the population. Consequently, companies take advantage of such ignorance to sell their product through misleading advertising and labelling.

Objective: Identify the social perception of key informants belonging to three communities of the Huasteca Potosina, on the participation of the climate and the possible negative effects of variability and CC, which they currently suffer at a local scale in their capitals and livelihoods. Methodology: Data from the "San Luis Potosí State Action Program for Climate Change" (PEACC-SLP prepared by the Autonomous University of SLP) was compared with data on the perception of change climate that have adult inhabitants of three communities of the Huasteca potosina. Results: Among the results obtained, it stands out that the perception of the people agrees largely with the data of the PEACC-SLP in terms of changes in the patterns of temperature and precipitation in the last 40 years, as well as the change in land use as the main factor responsible for such changes at the local level. Limitations: It is considered necessary to carry out a broader investigation that allows knowing the social perception of variability and CC of the inhabitants of more communities in the region, as well as their adaptation and mitigation strategies that they are currently implementing to reduce their vulnerability. Conclusions: It is concluded that the PEACC-SLP does not reflect the strong negative impacts registered in the field that the inhabitants of these communities currently face, impacts that are increasing the vulnerability of the socio-ecological systems of the region. Does not show the adaptation and mitigation strategies that people implement for their survival and the continuity of their capitals and livelihoods.

Objective: Standardize and characterize nutritionally of Cuajado, generating an important unified information in planning of collective feeding, diet therapy, nutritional education, tourism, and for an eventual protection of its patrimonial identity. Methodology: 89 chefs from Puerto La Cruz restaurant services were surveyed to inquire about the denomination and the ways in which the dish is made: ingredients, preparation operations and habitual presentation. The Nutriplato v365 program was used to standardize the most frequently used ingredients and estimate the nutritional value of the dish. Results: 15.7% (n = 14) of those surveyed called the dish "oriental curd", highlighting as important the geographical specification of origin. Raya (Myliobatis sp.) is the fish used in 75.2% (n = 67). Limitations: A broader sample of a population not linked to the collective catering sector. Conclusions: The recipe for 10 diners was standardized in 1000 g of ray. 500 g of banana slices, 800 g of tuber, 12 eggs, 2 onions (400 g), 100 g of sweet pepper, 60 g of chives, 40 g of coriander, 40 g of green olives, 30 g of capers, 270 ml of ointment oil, 1 tablespoon of salt (15 g) and 1 teaspoon of pepper (5 g). Nutritionally, 100 g of product provides 169 Kcal, 7.4 g Proteins, 10.5 g Lipids, 11.1 g Carbohydrates, 262 mg Na, 1.3 mg Fe, 138 ugER Vit.A, 71.6 mg Cholesterol.

Objective: to establishment of socioeconomic strategies to promote the sustainable forestry development of the ejido Tetahuichi, Guachochi, Chihuahua, Mexico. Methodology: variables were studied. The interview was a technique to get information and the questionnaire as an instrument. The sampling was simple random taking into account the ejidatarios as the sampling unit. A socioeconomic diagnosis was carried out to know the existing problems and potentialities of the ejido, at the same time, areas of opportunity were identified to promote the socioeconomic development of the ejido. Results: Socioeconomic strategies were established to strengthen the sustainable forestry development of the ejido in the different areas of opportunity identified. This was taking into account the participation of its inhabitants, economic and social aspects, the needs and interests of those involved in the community forestry development of the ejido, as well as political-institutional and legal aspects related to the environment and sustainable development. Limitations: the research did not include the environmental dimension, in addition, little organizational and administrative knowledge of the ejidatarios was identified. Conclusions: The ejido has sufficient natural and forest resources, as well as personnel to be competitive and to generate well-being for the population, and to conserve the forest ecosystem.

Objective: To analyze the contribution of family agriculture in the construction of peasant food strategies as a response to socio-productive problems in communities in the municipalities of Tenejapa and San Juan Cancuc, in the Tseltal region of Chiapas’ Highlands. Methodology: The research is a case study that serves to characterize the strategies of social reproduction in a rural self-subsistence economy. The data were obtained through qualitative research techniques, including interviews, field visits, analysis of corn, coffee, honey and vegetable production systems, and focus group discussions. Results: It can be highlighted that agro-food diversity is the main strategy for social reproduction among self-subsistence farmers and that the most valued assets are land and production techniques, as well as the multifunctional nature of agriculture. Limitations: The study and its method can be a reference for analysis of social reproduction strategies in peasant families of indigenous peoples, specifically in contexts of self-subsistence economy. To analyze strategies of farming families with little economic or agricultural diversification, it is necessary to consider other variables and possibly complement the qualitative research method with other quantitative methods to quantify income, for example, a socioeconomic survey. Conclusions. The diversification of agriculture and family food is a viable method to strength social reproduction strategies among peasant families in an economic context of self-subsistence. The agro-food policies could take a multi-scalar approach.

Objective: To assess intra-urban differences in perceptions and responses to perceived risks related to air pollution and heat waves in Hermosillo city, located in arid northwest Mexico. Methodology: A non-random sample of 45 people 18 years and older, residing in different zones of the city, answered a semi-structured interview developed for this study. The responses were captured in a database and subject to statistical analyses. Results: In general, respondents identified risks related to both air pollution and heatwaves; however, there are intra-urban variations in perceptions of these problems, and responses to prevent risks associated with them. Limitations: Future studies could be improved by selecting a larger, random sample; and by using additional data sources beyond those based only on people’s perceptions. Conclusions: Risk perceptions related to urban environmental issues are the basis for citizen participation in the prevention and mitigation, as well as adaptation to these risks in a context of global climate change and growing urbanization.

Objective: Characterize the parameters that determine quality of wines variety Tempranillo made with berries grown in three geographical zones of Chihuahua, Mexico. Metodology: Determination of wine quality from 12 month berry maturity grown in three vineyards: Faciatec, Hacienda Bustillos and Paralelo meridian. Physicochemical analysis, total titratable acidity (ATT), total polyphenol index and color composition were determined in a complete block design with three replicates. Results: The values of pH and ATT were optimal for winemaking. However, volatile acidity was low, the wine with the highest alcoholic content and phenolic composition was vinified with the berries from Faciatec vineyard, it is also suitable for aging. Besides, its highest hue value was due to the chromatic and sensory characteristics. Limitations: Environmental conditions during the growing season and lack of surveillance to people coming inside the vineyard. Conclusions: Height above sea level, temperature and precipitation during maturity influence winemaking because they impact in chromatic and phenolic characteristics of the wine. Therefore, the wine from Faciatec vineyard is the most suitable for aging in barrels and the others for young wines.