Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: To explore and analyses the importance of food policies through the concept of food security and its dimensions in the case of Mexico and food policies. Methodology: implementation of an analytical device using the food security concept and its dimensions through which food policies can be analyzed. Results: Food policy in Mexico has a rather limited scope: between 1940 and 1990, policies catered to the food security dimensions of availability and access through production and consumption subsidies, in addition to fostering productive and commercial activities; from the 1980s onwards, food policies have largely leaned towards the food security dimension of access of the most vulnerable population. Limitations: The analysis requires statistical data of the overall contribution of food policies towards food security, whether as individual interventions or from an aggregate perspective. Conclusions: Food security does not seem to be a priority for the Mexican State; there is not a wide public strategy in place to move towards food security; for the most part only two of the four dimensions of the food security concept (access and utilization) are considered in the catalogue of policy interventions.

Objetivo: un modelo como propuesta basado en dos constructos reconocidos sobre la innovación tecnológica de alimentos (FINT) y la escala de neofobia de tecnología alimentaria (FTNS) que involucra las necesidades nutricionales de los consumidores y las oportunidades de las empresas.Metodología: revisión de literatura sobre FINT-FTNS, las necesidades nutricionales posteriores a COVID y la generación de negocios con un cuestionario aplicado a 401 consumidores habituales (Jul-Sep de 2021). Resultados: el modelo FINT-FTNS, sugiere desarrollar negocios a partir de la inclusión de indicadores como medios de información, intención de compra, tipo de tecnología alimentaria con beneficios a consumir y políticas de regulación para proteger al consumidor. La originalidad de la investigación se basa en un modelo integral FINT-FTNS final para desarrollar negocios. Limitaciones: el método de muestreo de autoreporte “bola de nieve”puede ser una fuente sesgada de resultados porque la encuesta sólo se levantó en el entorno mexicano. Los modelos de innovación de la industria alimentaria indican que se necesita más investigación para adaptar el conocimiento externo al cambio socioeconómico e institucional. Conclusiones: para ambos lados del modelo final (FINT y FTNS), se determinaron varias sugerencias basadas en conceptos nutricionales, de innovación, tecnología y mercadotecnia para mejorar el modelo en aplicaciones de negocios fomentando una ingesta de alimentos saludables contra enfermedades crónicas para la próxima normalidad.

Objective: identify traditional foods commercialized in the municipal markets of Villahermosa City, Tabasco, Mexico, for the determination of their potential as food crafts. Methodology: It was qualitatively cross-sectional and the research design followed a systemic phenomenological approach. In the first, an observational tour was made in each market going through the aisles to locate the commercial turns. The second consisted of the design of an instrument with four sections: general market data; personal data of the trader; name of artisanal food products; and origin of the product. In the third, the artisanal foods offered were registered and photographs of the artisanal product were taken to elaborate a file with the image of the product. In the last one, the information obtained was verified with the list of the characteristics that a product must meet to be considered as a food craft. Results: A total 123 products were identified and 67 meet the characteristics to be considered as food crafts, in addition to 56 products that are marketed in bulk and that could be considered as such when they comply with the image of the product. Limitations: Was observed that the premises where prepared food is sold, type fondas, have increased, and that traditional foods are marketed mainly in grocery stores, which has limited their diffusion. Conclusions: Artisanal foods represent the regional food culture that has been maintained through oral transmission, which was evidenced by the existence of traditional foods, marketed in the municipal markets of Villahermosa city, which fully comply with the characteristics to be considered as a food craft.

Objective: To analyze different types of barriers and facilitators to healthy eating in people with diabetes that attend Grupos de Ayuda Mutua (self-help groups for people with chronic disease) in Sonora, Mexico, and participated in the Meta Salud Diabetes (MSD) program. Methodology: We conducted 136 observations registered in ethnographic field notes of MSD implementation and four post-intervention focus groups. Results: Regional food culture, publicity and abundance of non-healthy food, and difficult access to healthy food are barriers at the different socioecological levels that hinder healthy food selection and consumption among participants. Limitations: More research expanding on the issues observed and the characteristics and experiences of subgroups among people with diabetes is needed. Conclusions: Interventions like MSD that incorporate the needs and possibilities of participants to bring about eating behavior change through peer education and goal follow-up are needed. To make individual behavior change sustainable, these efforts must be accompanied by other actions promoted by health system institutions and other government and civil society sectors.

Objective: Identify the main chemical additives that are currently being used in the preparation of tortilla and corn tostada in Mexico, as well as verifying compliance with the regulatory provisions applicable to these foods and making recommendations for public policy to guarantee the right to food, health, and consumer information. Methodology: A study was developed and divided into three stages. An analysis of the applicable legal framework was carried out; the main manufacturers and marketers of additives for tortillas and corn tostada were identified; and the additives and adjuvants declared as ingredients in prepackaged corn tortillas and tostadas identified for their sale in the north and west areas of Mexico City carrying out a qualitative, descriptive methodology. Results: in the Mexican legal framework, the applicable laws to the production and marketing of corn tortillas and tostadas in Mexico were identified. There we24 companies dedicated to the commercialization of additive products for this sector were identified, as well as their products. Limitations. This approach includes only a representative sample of the products population in the market for prepackaged tortillas and tostadas, and the additives used for this industry. Similarly, within the limitations, the study is the dependence on the veracity of information declared by these. Conclusions. Once the data was obtained, the results were analyzed qualitatively using the Excel Microsoft 365 package for the analysis of data frequency with which the conclusions of the study and public policy recommendations were generated.

Objective: Identify how wind and photovoltaic energy megaprojects contribute to social fragmentation in rural areas, to recognize them as initiatives that are part of the current problems of the New Rurality. Methodology: It is an exploratory scope study that articulates a documentary analysis with professional experience in the energy sector to carry out a socio-spatial analysis of 12 wind farms and 11 photovoltaic parks identified in the state of Yucatan. This work was strengthened with a matrix derived from the documentary analysis of 24 socio-environmental assessments of said megaprojects. Results: It was identified that the 23 megaprojects present in Yucatan affect 260 plots, corresponding to 16 agrarian nuclei, which bring together 5,851 ejidatarios. The distribution of its economic benefits as well as its socio-territorial impact will generate problems that increase the social differentiation between the agricultural and non-agricultural rural population. Limitations: It is necessary that future research, can expand and strengthen the conceptual proposals of deagrarianization and social fragmentation. Conclusions: Wind and photovoltaic energy megaprojects represent an innovative technology based on the exploitation of natural resources. Its installation and operation supposes the rent of land that previously had agricultural purposes, which implies not only a drastic change in rural economic activities, but also the transformation of the classic notion of peasant and farmer in a pluriactive producer where the leasing of land for developing non-agricultural activities profoundly changes the composition of family income. This transformation puts in tension the agrarian structures based on social ownership of the land.

Objective: to characterize the agro-industrial production chain of avocado in the micro region of Xalisco, Nayarit, based on the methodology of Integrated Productive Projects, which allows to achieving the competitiveness of avocado in the international market. Methodology mixed design with a general model of the same status of multiple integration design, the purpose of this approach is to make a triangulation between quantitative and qualitative data; for qualitative research, participant observation and in-depth interviews are used; regarding qualitative research, an analysis of statistical information was carried out. Results: the context of the avocado production chain was presented through an analysis of  the production, the value of avocado in Nayarit and particularly in the micro region of Xalisco, standing out as the municipality with the highest production in the state; the avocado production chain is characterized through the Integrated Productive Projects (PPI) methodology, outlining a mapping of the chain, specifying the actors involved in it, as well as the location. Limitations: the cooperation of the actors to carry out the interviews. Conclusions: It is proposed as a strategy to form a formal chain through the Avocado Cluster, since by themselves achieving competitiveness has not been possible at least at the levels they intend.

Objective: To know the preferences and characteristics of cheese consumption in the Toluca Valley and their relationship with the consumption of natural and/or imitation cheese. Methodology: A sample size of 663 households was calculated through simple random sampling. A structured survey was applied through digital media and in person at places of recreation in the Toluca Valley. Results: Dairy products are consumed daily in 92.2% of the Toluca Valley households. Cheese is the most consumed product in homes with 97.7%. The preferred cheeses are the fresh ones with a mild flavour such as Oaxaca, panela and double cream. The market for this food is dominated by large national and transnational brands that have widely distributed imitation cheeses. Limitations: The problem of the overcrowding of imitation cheeses occurs throughout the country, so it is necessary to cover other places of study to have a broader picture of the situation. Although a sample calculation was made through a simple random sample, the choice of the respondents was not random due to the costs and time involved in a study of this magnitude. Conclusions: Despite the fact that cheese is the most consumed dairy product in Toluca Valley households, there are distortions in the market where the consumer ends up being the most affected by not being able to recognize between a natural cheese and an imitation, so it is necessary to create strategies for consumers to make informed and conscious purchasing decisions.

Objective: To show the agroecological strategies deployed by agroecosystems of peasant agriculture, tending to capture the work/energy produced by nature and transform it into value, with little or no participation of capital in such processes. Methodology: The case study responds to a qualitative research method based on interviews and direct observations. Results: The processes of non-commodification, the bifaceted condition of family labor, the times of capital and those of nature, capital as a thing and as a process, the immediacy of both the work process, the work product, and the realization of use value together with forms of appropriation and communal management of the land and associated resources, all of it are aspects that lay the groundwork for thinking about counter-hegemonic agroecology. Limitations: more case studies would allow us to address these perspectives that have a strong capitalocentric perspective and integrate and complement other perspectives and disciplines. Conclusions: understanding the logic of capital from its relationship with nature and how nature can work for certain agroecosystems, reducing the disciplining nature of capital in such processes, is an issue to consider for the design of policies by social movements.

Objective: Argue about a biocultural tourism proposal. Approach: To present a proposal of bio cultural tourism that can contribute to the wellbeing of the indigenous people of Mexico and, simultaneously, give a response to the global agenda on in the Anthropocene Era. The scenario formed by the global agenda on the subjects of development, environment and climate change, as well as the current public policies, along with the community processes of some cases of Mexico’s indigenous people, sustains the relevance of bio cultural tourism. Nonetheless, it still presents great challenges, the main one being and the consideration to the right of free selfdetermination of the townspeople. Approach method: Bibliographical and documentation review. The essay is a reflection that puts the matter on the table of academic debate, but it is still needed to pave the roads of intervention from the community governance in coherence with federal and global agencies. Conclusions: The Anthropocene Era is a reality that we must face from every possible angle. Biocultural tourism can promote community wellbeing on the indigenous people of Mexico and the restoration of its territories’ ecosystems, which would have a favorable impact on a global level.