Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: To analyze the agroecosystem (farmland and backyard) contribution to the food security in the municipality of Mazatán, estate of Chiapas, during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: Via Facebook® people exclusively living within the municipality were invited to answer a survey using a Google Forms® questionnaire with 35 items related to food security. Results: Respondents who own farmland and backyard counted for 23% but not using it for food and medicinal plants production, while 54% reported using it. From those, 7% produce food only and 93% produce both food and medicinal plants. The main food groups produced were: vegetables, fruits, meat, animal coproducts, and cereals. A 69% of the respondents reported having difficulties for food access, meanwhile 52% of the respondents reported changes in their food consumption. Limitations: Due to the pandemic conditions, which reduced mobility, this information was gathered via internet. Conclusions: Even Covid-19 affected access, availability and consequently raise of food prices as reported by the respondents, the agroecosystem have a potential role for food production.

Objective: To study the adaptations of MIAF system by Mazahua communities through the analysis of its biocultural elements. Methodology: Ethnographic study (2021), with emphasis on direct and participatory presence in the study region; under the theoretical reference Traditional Food Systems, MIAF and Bioculturality; the information was processed in Atlas Ti.7 qualitative analysis software. Results: The biocultural elements of the Mazahua community that intervene in the adaptation process of the MIAF are the traditional knowledge of the milpa and practices to manage the environment. Limitations: Restrictions on visiting the region due to the health contingency. Conclusions: The adaptation of the MIAF system is based on the edaphoclimatic conditions, uses, customs and Mazahua traditions; adaptations generate a structural change in the mode of production with emphasis on the revaluation of biocultural heritage based on the synergy of traditional knowledge and scientific knowledge.

Objective: To analyze the social representations of excess weight in Chilean adults. Methodology: We started from a qualitative methodology, using the technique of discourse analysis from six interviews with adult participants from the region of La Araucanía, Chile. Results: Four discursive positions were found: empathic due to the multicausality of the phenomenon; empathic from personal experience; critical for lack of habits and critical for health issues. In addition, four main themes or semantic spaces emerged that give structure to the discourses: weight stigma and its consequences, empowerment of the thin body, individual prejudices about people with high weight and transversal discrimination. Limitations: The results obtained should be considered as not generalizable, given the small size of the sample and the segment of the population it represents. Conclusions: For the participants, discrimination is one of the most prevalent themes within the problem of overweight and obesity. The consequences and implications of the study to carry out more conscious health interventions are discussed, as well as the importance of continuing to work to eradicate weight stigma in society.

Objective: To analyze the main explanatory factors of the labor poverty in the States of Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021. Methodology: It was elaborated spatial regression models with explanatory variables such as economic growth, level of integration of the Mexican states with the international economy, average schooling, employment in the informal sector of the economy, insecurity and cumulative COVID-19 infections as proportion of the population. Results: The main results suggest that the variables of contraction in the Mexican states production and average schooling are significant for the control of the labor poverty, both showing negative relation, whilst average inflation rate, informal employment and cumulative COVID-19 infections are significant variables, which have positive coefficient, therefore these variables favors greater labor poverty rates. Limitations: The analysis period only considers the third quarter of 2020 to the third quarter of 2021. Conclusions: The main determinants of the labor poverty rate in the Mexican states during the COVID-19 pandemic are the average inflation, average schooling and cumulative COVID-19 infections.

Objective: The main purpose of this article is to explore contributions of some theories from political that are relevant to the study of inequality. Central part of the discussion focuses on economic inequality because it is one of the more commons forms for studying inequality; however, various reasons for moving to a multidimensional study of inequality are also presented. Analytical approach: In order to address this theme, the manuscript is organized in two main sections. First, to analyse why material inequality is important, some of its main characteristics are outlined and statistical data is described. Second, four contributions from contemporary political philosophy are examined; these are: (1) ideas on justice and the political principles for a just distribution of goods; (2) ideologies that accompany inequality; (3) strategies to mitigate economic inequality and (4) the importance of moving to a multidimensional analysis of inequality. Conclusion: This article concludes that some theories from political philosophy contribute to address the study of inequality in its multiple dimensions, but such contributions are often disregarded from mainstream analysis of this theme.

Objective: To analyze the perception of sorghum producers about the incidence and damage of the yellow aphid and its natural enemies, as well as the control methods to strengthen integrated management strategies and reduce damage caused by the aphid in three localities of the Pueblan region that produce this grain. Methodology: Through convenience sampling and an interview guide, information was collected from 44 producers attending meetings held by the State Plant Health Committee. Results: The sorghum crop was rainfed. The major problems that the producers identified in sorghum were four, 66% pointed to the yellow aphid as the main one. The producers perceived infestation in all their plots at different stages of cultivation. Chemical insecticides were mainly used to control the aphid, followed by the combination with natural enemies. 77% observed natural enemies of the aphid in their plot, of which lady beetles and hoverflies had a greater presence. 70% indicated that natural enemies are threatened by the high doses of insecticides applied. Limitations: Although the study was carried out in three locations, it allowed us to understand the main elements of the phenomenon studied. Conclusions: The producers perceived and identified the yellow sorghum aphid as the main problem of the crop, and it affected the entire surface. They specified the presence of at least one natural enemy in their plot. However, the high application of insecticides has adverse effects on them, findings that reflect an important biological potential to be used in aphid management.

Objective: To analyze the challenges and potentialities in guaranteeing the right to adequate food, in relation to the different repertoires of actions of the State, families and social organizations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in different scenarios in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina, focusing on historically vulnerable sectors. Methodology: The approach is positioned in a complex, territorial and feminist perspective. The methodology involved a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach, using semistructured interviews and surveys differentiated by territorial scenarios. It was deepened through case studies. Results: The effects of the pandemic on the production of the AFCI, the logistics between production and consumption and the access and consumption of food are described, considering transversal aspects. The deterritorialization of food associated with public policies that leave food in the hands of the market is problematized. We also identify the family and community strategies deployed, as well as the role of social organizations and women in the process of territorializing food. Limitations: The mobility constraints of the pandemic, limited the possibilities of accessing informants and generating a robust sampling strategy so the information presented does not pretend to be representative of the entire province. Conclusions: To guarantee the right to adequate food, territorialized public policies associated with the principles of food sovereignty are needed. These should be thought from the universality of the right from a complex approach, considering the diversity of scenarios and access to water and land. To this end, social organizations are indispensable and their work must be recognized.

Objective: Analyze the market and feasibility to trade the agrobiodiversity associated with milpa through Short Agri-Food Supply Chains in municipalities of Coacoatzintla, Coatepec, Emiliano Zapata and Tequila, Veracruz state. Methodology: The feasibility of marketing the diversity of the milpa in the local market was explored by structured surveys on use and management of milpa, food supply and demand, consumption habits and participant observation. Results: It describes the Strategies that can promote short agrifood chains as local, fair, direct, and sustainable trade alternatives. Limitations: Possible interactions with anothers relevant markets were leaved aside, such as those of Xalapa, Zongolica or Orizaba; and the participation of supermarkets and distribution chains is omitted. Conclusions: In the four municipalities there are trade alternatives for the agrodiversity produced in the milpas of central Veracruz. With its implementation, the participation of actors in the food distribution circuits would be reduced from seven levels of participants in the current agri-food system, to only three levels of actors in the proposal for the study areas. The success of short agri-food circuits is based on the productive capacities, distribution, and preference of consumers.

Objective: To identify the main factors that influence the purchase intention of agroecological products through electronic commerce in a fair trade environment. Methodolgy: A quantitative design was done, a sample of 711 people from the target population were surveyed. Comparative analysis techniques was used through Chi square independence tests and binary logistic regression model. Results: The results highlight that the intention to purchase fair trade agroecological products by electronic means is significantly related inversely with age and having had problems with the use of personal data and, in a direct sense, with income level, use of the Internet and the use of a credit card for online purchases and not having had any problems with it. Limitations: The surveys were carried out personally between September and October 2021 when there were still restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which limited access to the study population. Conclussions: The findings indicate that, except for age, demographic variables such as gender, marital status, and schooling do not impact the frequency of purchase of agroecological products in virtual environments, and behavioral variables such as frequency of internet use and use of credit cards did show a positive impact.

Objetivo: valuar el nivel de sustentabilidad, con base en las percepciones turísticas de las partes interesadas del Parque Nacional Bahía de Loreto (PNLB) en México. Metodología: se seleccionaron indicadores y se organizaron en tres componentes: (1) gestión de destinos; (2) impacto social, económico y cultural; (3) impacto ambiental; y dos dimensiones: social y ambiental. Se aplicaron encuestas a empresas turísticas, residentes y visitantes. Se utilizaron tablas de contingencia para identificar la dependencia significativa entre indicadores. Resultados: un nivel de sustentabilidad aceptable. Los indicadores con menor valor fueron el conocimiento de los residentes sobre las AP, el beneficio que obtienen del turismo, así como su participación en actividades ambientales. Limitaciones: algunos de los indicadores empleados son específicos para el PNBL, por lo que deben adecuarse a cada AP. Conclusiones: las aportaciones del método y una serie de recomendaciones para incrementar el beneficio económico de los residentes y su participación en la gestión de las AP.