Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objetivo: elaborar una cobertura de chocolate tipo amarga a partir de la combinación de cacao de la variedad CCN51 y Súper Árbol. Metodología: el producto se elaboró mediante un método de tipo experimental, cuantitativo y cualitativo. Resultados: se generó 18 unidades experimentales en el diseño, donde se obtuvieron dos formulaciones con dos réplicas que nos permitió determinar el mejor tratamiento mediante un análisis sensorial con una escala hedónica estructurada de aceptabilidad (valoración de 1 a 5). La evaluación sensorial se llevó a cabo con 30 panelistas no entrenados, donde determinaron que el T1 con 70 % de licor de cacao es el más aceptado, mientras que para los jueces entrenados no hubo diferencia significativa. Las distintas muestras fueron sometidas a los análisis bromatológicos, se obtuvo como resultado un contenido de humedad 1.59%, grasa 37.86%, proteína 9.26%, ceniza 2.04%, extracto seco de cacao desgrasado 99.38%, extracto seco de cacao total 98.41%, microbiológicos menores a 100 ufc. ml-1 en mesófilos totales, levaduras y coliformes totales. Limitaciones: tener equipos piloto para el procesamiento. Conclusiones: los parámetros del mejor tratamiento T1 se enmarcan en la NTE INEN 621: 2010 vigente en el Ecuador para fabricación de chocolates.

Objective: Evaluate the level of development of the organizational capabilities of coffee microenterprises and trader enterprises from the Candelaria Loxicha municipality in Oaxaca. Methodology: A questionnaire made up of 30 items was used. The research adopts a quantitative approach of non-experimental descriptive type. Results: The results show that labor, trading, financial and manufacturing capabilities are in a middle level development. Logistic capabilities are at a low development level and the technological capabilities are not developed. Limitations: Number of participants in the study. The limitations of this research work constitute an opportunity for future lines of research. Although the study sample focuses on 35 microenterprises, for future studies it is recommended to extend it to other municipalities in the region; whose characteristics and ecological conditions are similar. Conclusions: The evaluation of the capabilities established a clear scenario of the strengths and weaknesses in which these microenterprises must work to improve their performance. Another aspect that microentrepreneurs should pay attention to is the standardization of processes and activities, trained personnel with sufficient profile to perform their functions, and technology according to the complexity of their operations.

Objective: Analyze the governance models established around the Designation of Origin (DO) of cocoa in Latin America, in the cases of Cacao Amazonas in Peru and Cacao Grijalva in Mexico. Methodology: A case study methodology in comparative perspective was performed, built from documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews applied to key actors Results: Case studies showed a divergent behavior around their governance models. As well as in terms of the different levels of societal articulation, information symmetry, existence of collective decision-making mechanisms, participation of government actors, and of public policies aimed at promoting the cocoa chain. Limitations: it is necessary to include in future research the case of other cocoa territories such as Ecuador, which also has a DO Cacao Arriba. Conclusions: DOs are positioned as tools to promote territorial development based on the aggregation and value they can generate in the territories; however, the governance model defines the implementation of these initiatives.

Objective: The objective of this work is to analyze the current situation of companies in the port sector of Veracruz in Mexico in relation to the SDGs. Methodology: To achieve this objective, an online survey was developed and applied to companies in the port sector in the city of Veracruz. Results: The general results indicate that most of the companies in the port sector are not aware of the SDGs, however, they unknowingly carry out activities that are specific to them. Limitations: The lack of response from some companies to which the developed questionnaire was sent. Conclusions: The main conclusions are that the current situation of the SDGs in Veracruz is that most of the companies in the port of Veracruz are unaware of the SDGs, but there is an opening to be able to get involved in activities related to them, as well as that there are SDGs that are more representative than others due to the nature of the port activity. Also, the actions to be able to develop the SDGs in the strategies of the companies must be comprehensive, that is, they must not be just a fad or a marketing strategy.

Objective: Analyze Huawei's resilience capabilities in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying its main characteristics. Methodology: Huawei's resilience management is evaluated through four sequential phases: 1) risk prevention and mitigation, 2) protection, 3) crisis response, and 4) recovery. Using this method, Huawei's resilience capabilities are identified, through primary and secondary information about the company, following the four parameters mentioned to identify how effective it is during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Efforts in R&D and innovation, as well as Huawei's international strategic coupling and the competitive prices it offers, are the main pillars that support its resilience capabilities. Limitations: In this part, the information available on Huawei's internal and external activities during the pandemic is scarce and comes mainly from the multinational and from secondary sources replicated by it. Conclusions: Huawei's efforts in innovation and R&D are not only designed to face and adapt to current crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic or the technological veto, but the company also evaluates its environment and the technological challenges posed by the future in many regions where operate.

Objective: to explore how the agri-food knowledges and practices of Maya women enable the continuous reproduction of the Maya ways of life in the Peninsula. Methodology: qualitative methodologies: surveys, semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and narrative walks in solares, plots and milpas. Documentary research on the main themes complemented this information. Results: Maya women perform agri-food activities in the solares of the Peninsula within biocultural territories, combining knowledges and practices that come from memories and traditions transmitted generationally. Limitations: the interactions with participants were limited because of the Covid-19 health emergency. Conclusions: The (re)productive work of women enables the reproduction of Maya ways of life in the biocultural territories of the Peninsula, and it is a vital component for the autonomy and sovereignty of the Maya people.

Objective: This article analyzes the discourse of poverty in Mexico. For this, the seven National Development Plans (1983-2019) executed in the country and the government reports derived from the consequent federal administrations were analyzed and maps of poverty, marginalization and infant mortality were made. Methodology: documentary and descriptive analysis in the qualitative part, and geographical in the quantitative part, the diagnosis, the actions of economic and social policy, to reduce hunger, inequality and fundamentally poverty are identified. With the reports, the progress reported by the governments is verified. Results: it highlights the homogeneity in relation to the causal diagnosis of poverty: inequality, asymmetries in the regional development of the country, low wages, ethnic and racial discrimination, limited opportunities to access quality public services such as education and health. Limitations: being a documentary and descriptive study, it did not delve into the structural causes of poverty, marginalization, and hunger. Conclusions: the social and economic policy implemented during the period studied is quite similar, and in general terms, it has been insufficient to provide a solution to the phenomena attributed as causes of poverty in the country.

Álvarez Icaza, Pedro (2021). Naturaleza colectiva.Gobernanza social de los territorios Rurales. México: Juan Pablos Editor, 214 páginas.ISBN: 978607711621

This paper submits an analytical model which is represented in social movement analysis literature in the category of “campaigns”. From this proposal, we argue it is possible to analytically apprehend different kinds of collective action instances through its dynamic process, and at the same time, we offer a characterization of the analytical category of the campaign which can be applied to empirical research. One of the implications of this theoretical proposition is that every collective action campaign establishes the conditions for future campaigns, but this implies that any case under analysis is at the same time conditioned for those instances in the past. To test this implication, we offer some elements of a case, that of the collective actor who emerged in the aftermath of the Mexico earthquakes in 2017, #Verificado19s.

The book with title El derecho en movimiento. Once ensayos de sociología jurídica is a compilation of eleven texts published by Antonio Azuela at different times and in several books or journals of academic prestige. In their variety, the book’s chapters share a theoretical-methodological approach: that of legal sociology. They also have a common aim: to analyze and explore contemporary Mexico’s national development from the scope of the territorial and jurisdictional order. This journey entails a reflection on the formation and transformation of the post-revolutionary nation-state, considering property regimes, land uses regulations and the legal principles that legitimize them, specifically, the public interest and the social function of property.