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546,196 artículos

Año: 2022
ISSN: 0718-560X, 0718-560X
Cruz-García, Luis F.; Ponce-Palafox, Jesús T.; Hernández-Hernández, Luis H.; Tello-Salgado, Isaac; Hernández-Ocampo, Daniel; Benítez-Mandujano, Mario A.
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mushroom meal supplementation, Pleurotus djamor var. roseus (Pd), on the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), on hematological parameters and growth performance for 60 days. Nile tilapia fingerlings (3.23 ± 0.19 g) were fed with three experimental diets based on the mushroom meal in different percentages: diet 0% control (MM0), diet 15% (MM15), diet 20% (MM20) and diet 25% (MM25). Blood samples from the fish of all treatments were collected at the start of the experiment (day 0), 30 and 60 days. The weight and size of the fish were determined every 15 days (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days). The results showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the levels of erythrocytes count and leukocytes count. The groups that showed significant differences in the basal value and the final control result were hematocrit, hemoglobin, and lymphocyte. An increase in lymphocytes proportion and a decrease in neutrophils were found, which was related to the immune response of fish fed the diet. The highest levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and low neutrophils were presented in the diet with 15 and 20% (P < 0.05). The growth (weight gain and specific growth rate) of fish fed MM15 and MM20 of Pd in the diet was higher than the control group (P > 0.05). Dietary supplementation (15 and 20%) improved hematological and defense blood cells, as well as the growth of tilapia.
Año: 2022
ISSN: 0718-560X, 0718-560X
Ramos-Veliz, John; Roche, Oreste Gainza; Ortega, Diego Cumbicus; Pozo-Cajas, Mireya
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
The red crab Ucides occidentalis (locally called "guariche") is widely distributed along Ecuador's coastline and is the most important crustacean fishery exploited by local coastal communities. However, a lack of information on the species' reproductive cycle has hindered conservation and sustainable management initiatives. Here we documented for the first time the complete embryonic development of U. occidentalis, based on its morphological traits. Thirteen ovigerous females were collected in the field, maintained in captivity, and fed with leaves and tender mangrove propagules. Egg samples were taken every 12 h and analyzed under the microscope to evaluate embryonic development. U. occidentalis eggs had eight different embryonic stages, which maintained their spherical shape during the entire developmental. The eggs were relatively small and uniform in size. The tenuous heart beating of the precursor coincided with the formation of chromatophores in stage V and became more frequent at stage VIII, just before hatching. The incubation period lasted 15 days. Despite the rapid development, the increase in egg size and volume was not uniform during sequential stages.
Año: 2022
ISSN: 0718-560X, 0718-560X
Rezende, Fabricio Pereira; Lima, Adriana Ferreira
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Fertilization of aquaculture ponds has been pointed out as an efficient practice to improve fish feed conversion and growth performance. In this way, the present study aimed to assess the effect of pond fertilization on the growth performance, body composition, and water quality of juvenile pirarucu Arapaima gigas reared in earthen ponds (600 m²) during the grow-out phase. Two fertilized and two non-fertilized ponds were stocked with 208 juvenile pirarucus (19.9 ± 3.6 g and 15.0 ± 0.9 cm) and reared for 100 days. All four ponds were limed before the study. Ponds were fertilized before fish were stocked and weekly until the end of the experiment, and fish offered feed until apparent satiation. Pirarucu reared in fertilized ponds presented higher final weight (20%) and biomass (19%), further to lower feed intake and feed conversion rate (1.31) than fish reared in non-fertilized ponds (1.61). Pond fertilization did not affect the fish coefficient of variation, which was reduced over the culture cycle. The body composition of fish reared in fertilized ponds presented higher water content, protein, and energy retention rates and lowered crude fat and energy. Fertilized ponds presented lower transparency levels and higher pH from the 50th day of culture, whereas ammonia concentration was higher in the fertilized ponds in the first 25 days. Therefore, pond fertilization is a recommended practice for pirarucu during the grow-out phase.
Año: 2022
ISSN: 0718-560X, 0718-560X
Parra-Alaniz, Julio César; Ramírez-Rodríguez, Mauricio
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
The control of the fishing effort and establishment of individual catch quotas has been proposed as a strategy to manage the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) fishery in the north of the Gulf of California. In this study, the issues related to the efficiency of hake fishing vessels are analyzed. Two different types of vessels, large and small, were identified using the physical characteristics of 53 vessels in a cluster analysis. Using generalized linear models (GLM), efficiency variation (catch per unit of effort CPUE) was assessed with data derived from onboard observations of 74 trips made by 25 vessels and 814 sets from 2015 to 2019. The variables used to determine their contribution to CPUE were years, vessel types, fishing areas, depth strata, and their interactions. The factors year, fishing area, net type, and vessel type explain the interannual variability in the CPUE. The model, which included the interactions, showed 18% of explained deviance and indicated that interactions between year and area and between depth and vessel were significant and contributed the most to the deviance explained by the model. A GLM exhibited 11% of the explained deviance without considering interactions and indicates that large vessels are 1.5 times more efficient than small vessels.
Año: 2022
ISSN: 0718-560X, 0718-560X
Xavier, Missileny; Wasielesky Júnior, Wilson; Hostins, Bárbara; Bequé, Eva; Krummenauer, Dariano
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Biofloc technology is a culture system that intensively uses microbial communities. Most bacteria can form aggregates around organic or inorganic surfaces. The high adsorption capacity, surface area, and flocculant properties of clay minerals make these compounds good candidates to stimulate biofloc formation, increase bacterial biomass, and improve nitrification. The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of clay minerals to biofloc formation and its influence on the microbial community, nitrification, and zootechnical performance of Penaeus vannamei cultivated in a biofloc technology system. Experiment 1 involved the following treatments: control (without adding clay minerals), 10, 50, and 100 mg L-1, applied daily in the water. The treatments in experiment 2 were: control without product and inoculum, control without product and with inoculum, 50 mg L-1 clay mineral without inoculum and 50 mg L-1 clay mineral with inoculum. Both experiments with a density of 400 ind m-3. NO2 levels, total suspended solids, turbidity, differed significantly (P < 0.05) between treatments in experiment 1 and zootechnical performance parameters, where higher flocculant concentrations negatively affected these indices. In experiment 2, statistical differences were verified for NH3 and NO2 concentrations and the proximate composition of the bioflocs (P < 0.05), the addition of the inoculum of bioflocs influenced these results. In summary, the addition of clay minerals influenced biofloc formation, proximal composition, and the zootechnical performance of the cultivated shrimp but did not affect the abundance of microorganisms and nitrification.
Año: 2022
ISSN: 0718-560X, 0718-560X
Aréchiga-Palomera, Martín A.; Nieves-Rodríguez, Karen N.; Chong-Carrillo, Olimpia; Nolasco-Soria, Héctor; Peña-Marín, Emyr S.; Álvarez-González, Carlos A.; Palma-Cancino, David J.; Martínez-García, Rafael; Badillo-Zapata, Daniel; Vega-Villasante, Fernando
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
In order to provide information on the current knowledge about the native fish Dormitator latifrons and identify the gaps that must be filled to achieve correct resource management, a scientometric study was carried out using different scientific databases. A total of 103 publications were registered between the years 1972 and 2021. Results indicate that the species has been addressed since 2001 with less than one publication per year, with 2008 being the year with the highest number of publications (10). The main topics addressed were ecology, physiology, and parasitology of fish. The available knowledge generated about the species is concentrated in 68 journals, with Mexico as the most productive country, followed by USA and Ecuador, and the most productive research centers about this fish were Mexico’s Instituto Politécnico Nacional and Universidad de Guadalajara. A total of 285 authors were detected contributing knowledge to the species, with Violante-González in the top with ten publications. The co-authorship co-occurrence maps suggest there is no solid collaborative relationship between the scientific community and that the information generated is insufficient for conserving and exploiting this fish. It is essential to increase the study of thematic areas that allow their comprehensive management in the medium term; topics like reproduction in captivity, aquaculture, and nutrition must be addressed in the future to assure a sustainable use of this resource.
Año: 2022
ISSN: 0718-560X, 0718-560X
Silva, Alejandra Buenrostro; Grajales, Jesús García; Nava, Petra Sánchez; Gómez, María de Lourdes Ruiz
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a debilitating neoplastic infectious disease that affects sea turtles globally. Researchers on the American continent have generated valuable information about FP that can serve as the current source of biological knowledge on the disease, but this information is scattered throughout many scientific journals, books, thesis, and conference proceedings. Through a systematic literature review, the present study intends to summarize the current state of knowledge available on the American continent and highlight the knowledge gaps regarding FP in sea turtles. We reviewed 192 studies published from 1938 to 2021 performed on the American continent. The maximum annual number of publications occurred in 2019 with 15 publications, and there is an increasing trend in studies published over the past 25 years. One hundred thirty studies were performed in North America, 43 in South America, 14 in the Caribbean region, and 5 in Central America. The USA, Brazil, and Mexico were the most productive countries for FP research. The main topics addressed were pathological findings, records/incidences of FP, and molecular characterization. The most studied species with FP is the green turtle (Chelonia mydas). Our results show a lack of geographical information about FP, particularly in the Central American region and the Pacific coast of South America. While there has been a significant increase in FP knowledge in the last two decades, most of the studies focused on pathological findings, while viral replication and transmission of this disease remains unknown, highlighting the need for studies that describe immune characteristics, stressful environmental conditions, or disorders in blood chemical values in organisms affected by FP.
Año: 2022
ISSN: 0718-560X, 0718-560X
Martínez-Vargas, Janette Alejandra; de la Cueva, Horacio; Liñán-Cabello, Marco A.; Ortega-Ortiz, Christian D.
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Research on olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) has emphasized egg-laying females and neonates, using data collected on nesting beaches, but no systematic studies on morphological characteristics by size and sex have been published. This research describes the morphometry of free-living olive ridley sea turtles from coastal and oceanic waters of the Mexican Central Pacific captured and released from 2011 through 2013. A total of 3469 km was surveyed, and 142 sea turtles were evaluated by sex, size class, marine area, and geographic region for nine corporal measurements and their allometric relationships. The average curved carapace length (CCL) was 62.12 cm, range 42-94 cm. Significant differences were found by sex and size class with total tail length (TTL) (♂ = 26.33 cm, ♀ = 12.4 cm); similarly with vent to tail tip length (VTTL) (♂ = 6.38 cm, ♀ = 3.86 cm); and for rear flipper length (RFL) (♂ = 28.17 cm, ♀ = 38.62 cm, immatures = 23.80 cm). Turtles from the coastal region of Colima-Michoacán showed longer CCL = 62.46 cm and wider CW = 66.58 cm. Adult female RFLs showed positive allometry, b = 1.098, suggesting an accelerated growth of the posterior extremities, probably favoring reproductive behaviors, e.g. nest digging and egg-covering. Morphological differences were likely due to ontogenetic sexual distinctions rather than marine area or geographic differences.
Año: 2022
ISSN: 0718-560X, 0718-560X
Martinez-Cardenas, Leonardo; Hernandez-Cortez, Miriam I.; Castañeda-Chavez, María R.; Lango-Reynoso, Fabiola; Valdez Hernandez, Edna F.; Ponce-Palafox, Jesús T.; Espinosa-Chaurand, Daniel; Álvarez-González, Carlos A.
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
The present study aimed to test the effect of three stocking densities: 100, 200, and 300 ind m-3 (D100, D200, and D300, respectively) on survival, growth (weight and total length), and condition factor of Microphis brachyurus. At the end of the six-week trial, there were no significant differences in the fish's survival, growth, and condition. The results suggest that this species presents high adaptability under culture conditions. A suboptimal stocking density generates a suboptimal use of infrastructure and decreases the production system's profitability. Based on the present study, a stocking density of 300 ind m-3 is recommended to increase the aquaculture infrastructure's profitability for ornamental or conservation purposes.
Año: 2022
ISSN: 0718-560X, 0718-560X
Alfaro-Cordova, Eliana; Ortiz-Alvarez, Clara; Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.; García, Oscar; Velez-Zuazo, Ximena
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a powerful tool for assessing biodiversity in different environments and may be a complementary method compared to traditional methods to assess biodiversity. We tested eDNA as a complementary tool to assess marine biodiversity at Lobos de Afuera islands (ILA) in Peru. Nine water samples were collected from three sites within ILA using a commercial eDNA kit and then analyzed using vertebrate, teleost, and marine mammal primers targeting the 12S rRNA gene. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) classified at order, family, genus, and species levels were compared to baseline reports obtained through visual survey methods. Compared with traditional methods, eDNA assays identified 26% fewer species. However, it was a cost-effective method due to the higher number of identified bony fish species per sampling unit. The eDNA assays provided a broader representation of higher taxonomic levels (order, family, and genus), with a higher sensitivity for bony fish than the traditional methods used. Also, the same numbers of orders and families reported by visual assessments were detected with eDNA. Our study shows practical implications for using eDNA for biota assessments in remote and isolated areas. Future efforts should aim to catalog the biodiversity from inaccessible places using eDNA-methods.

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