Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

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A very strong El Niño drastically affects the peasant families that grow corn. This research focuses on an estimation of the agro-environmental and socioeconomic consequences of maize production during a very strong El Niño that contributes to proposing agroecological technologies and practices for the redesign of agroecosystems in the municipality of Ciudad Darío. The effect of water needs on the phenological phases of the NB-S maize variety was determined, in the primera (1982, 1983 and 1997) and postrera (1982 and 1997) seasons. A documentary analysis was carried out to assess the agro-environmental and socioeconomic consequences, and to propose agroecological technologies and practices. The water deficit caused by the very strong El Niño drought in 1982-1983 and 1997-1998 affected the yield and production of maize, which implies more impoverishment, food insecurity, deterioration of health, reduced availability of water from well during the dry period, soil degradation, effects on the quality of the landscape and the biodiversity of agroecosystems 37 agroecological technologies and practices are proposed to gradually transform the agroecosystems of Ciudad Darío, in which rain-fed maize is grown.

With the transformation of technologies, the requirements for labor resources are also being modified, for which it will be necessary to adapt to the latest circumstances and trends in the labor market in the short term. Therefore, it is important to have work skills and competencies that are practically significant and relevant for a potential employer. The sectoral nature of the economy, technologies implemented by companies and technical production equipment set the tone for the professional structure of personnel and the demand for labor resources, considering professional competencies. According to experts, to adapt and respond to uninterrupted technological progress in the future, people will alternately master about 10 professions throughout their lives. Today, as in the last 5-7 years, the demand for IT specialists is actively developing, to a greater extent for system and computer developers and analysts, and security experts. Modern employers point out that development skills along with easy learning new things are the priority qualities of potential employees. In addition: the ability to correctly respond to the introduced technological changes; communication skills not only within a single specialty, but also far beyond its framework; processing the large information volumes. The priority competencies of personnel are closely linked to the technological space and economic digitalization of Russia.

Exploring the agro-ecological limits is necessary in sustainable agriculture development. Soil contamination and erosion are two main indices in land vulnerability evaluation. Raizal and Pantanal models within MicroLEIS DSS, the Ero&Con package, were established in identification of vulnerable areas due to erosion and contamination risks, respectively. This study was performed in Miandoab region under different land-use scenarios with approximately 5269 ha extension in the North-West of Iran (west Azarbaijan). The extracted morphological and analytical data from 62 soil profiles representative of the study area were used as basic information. A total of 17 land unites were then classified according to the Geopedologic approach. The benchmark soil profiles were categorized as Typic Torripsamments, Typic Haploxerepts, Typic Haplocambids and Typic Haplargids. The results taken by using the aforementioned models were presented as an attainable mode whereas the management practices were not mentioned. The application of Raizal model revealed that the water erosion has less impact than wind erosion on vulnerability classes whereas climate change will result extremely high vulnerable area in the future. In terms of soil contamination risks resulted by Pantanal model, phosphorous risks were classified in V2 (23%) and V4 (77%). Also, heavy metal and nitrogen as well as pesticide contamination vulnerability risks were classified as V3 and V4. Since there was no different in classes when cultivating maize and wheat, the attainable vulnerability classes are equal with the actual ones. Overall, this research demonstrates that application of models increase our understanding about the behavior of soil and landscape interactions.

This research presents the results of the analysis process of the impact of Hurricane Eta in the period from November 1-5, 2020 on the social infrastructure of the Autonomous Region of the North Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua (RACCN). Said investigation included in the first instance the study of the atmospheric conditions that generated the development, trajectory and behavior of Hurricane Eta in Nicaraguan territory; and in the second instance, the impact of the hurricane on the municipalities of the RACCN was determined, through the adaptation and application of the methodology called the Risk Management System (SIGER). The results of the analysis indicate that the municipalities that suffered the greatest impact caused by the entry of Hurricane Eta into Nicaraguan territory were Puerto Cabezas and Prinzapolka, which suffered the devastating consequences caused by the strong sustained winds of 230 km/h and the present precipitation. in the area, leaving significant economic and social losses as a consequence.

Due to the need to produce healthy and high-quality food, current agricultural production systems are venturing into the use of sustainable and safer methods for pest control and improvement of plant nutrition. Among these methods, the use of the microbial biocontrol fungus Trichoderma spp. has been widely studied as a promoter of plant growth. However, in Nicaragua there are few studies on this genus. The present study aims to identify and quantify the potential of native isolates of Trichoderma spp., as promoters of growth and weight in tomato plantings. The conidia solution of Trichoderma spp. used during this study, was obtained from a diluted stock solution at a concentration of 108 conidia/ml, using 1 ml of solution in the seed substrate. Treatments evaluated were T1: T. harzianum; T12: T. asperelloide; T11c: T. viride; T8: T. songyi; F2TG-11: T. brevis; T3: T. asperellum; CIXD-07: T. virens. One milliliter of sterile distilled water was added to the control treatment (without inoculation). All trays were kept in the dark at 28±2°C. The variables to be measured were height, weight, length of the roots of seedlings, the measurement was made 25 days after emergence. Results demonstrate that, when compared with control treatment, the isolates of T. harzianum and T. viride show highest growth promoting potential, obtaining a gain of 38.8% and 22.6% in height, 72% and 46.3% in weight and 70% and 36.3% in root length, respectively.

The new educational trends imply a change in the role of the university professor who contributes to the improvement of his scientific, investigative and innovative knowledge, applying himself in the teaching and learning process according to the context, assuming an always constant attitude of reflection, criticism and motivation, reflecting in the knowledge acquired and demonstrated in the students. In this sense, a methodology was developed for the analysis of factors that affect educational quality at the National University of Engineering (UNI) in the period from 2008 to 2021, the purpose being; the identification of those actions that promote educational quality at UNI and therefore in the improvement of classroom processes where the teacher is a facilitator, tutor and knowledge manager. In this order of ideas, it can be expressed that within these identified factors, the role of the teacher in classroom processes is paramount and must be focused from mediation and didactic communication, articulated with the scientific domain without ignoring the values ​​that are paramount in student learning training.

The present work is carried out with the objective of defining the culture media referred by the literature for the proliferation of the Pleurotus genus of edible mushrooms and assessing their application in the conditions of Cuba. The diversity of this genus includes at least 30 species, among them, P. djamor, P. florida, P. pulmonaryius, P. sajor-cajou, P. citrinopileatus and P. ostreatus, for which it is necessary to investigate the properties of the media used in the cultivation of the genus. Their classifications are exposed, according to the nature of their ingredients, the growth promotion of various microorganisms and their purpose, as well as their use. The constituents and conditioning of culture media for edible mushrooms, the most frequent preparation methods used in the preservation of Pleurotus strains, and possible defects in them, caused by incorrect handling, contaminants, pests and diseases, are disclosed, as well as the consumption and marketing of mushrooms.

The paper presents research into the effects of macro-roughness on the leading edge of the plate imitating excrescences on the fins of humpback whales on the value of hydrodynamic losses. The authors compare calculations with experimental results obtained on a hydrodynamic flume. All studies are performed using the Ansys CFX and Autodesk CFD computer simulation packages. Based on the obtained findings, the authors make conclusions on the feasibility of applying macro-roughening on the leading edge of the plate. The conducted computational and experimental research demonstrates the positive effects of a certain configuration of spherical macro-roughness on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the plate in the case of spillage in an open-type hydrodynamic flume.

When developing canning technologies raw material processing processes thermophysical calculations are inevitably used. This work's purpose is to analyze the tropical fruits thermophysical characteristics. The research objects were the following fruits: kiwi, papaya, avocado and figs. The stationary flat layer method was used to analyze the thermal conductivity. The cryoscopic temperature was determined by the thermogram flat surface which was obtained during the product freezing. The hydrostatic weighing method was used to determine the density. The sugar content was determined using the refractometric method. The moisture content was determined by drying-out to a constant mass. As a result of the carried out work, the physical and chemical parameters of kiwi, avocado, papaya and figs were determined. The thermophysical properties of tropical fruits such as heat capacity, cryoscopic temperature, thermal conductivity, and the amount of frozen moisture, were calculated.