Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This work applies the Indicador de Rentabilidad Social en Comunicación or Social Profitability Indicator in Communication (IRSCOM) to the local public radios in Castilla-La Mancha, in order to measure the state of health of its internal functioning. 33 variables related to management, social capital, territorial articulation, programming, communication environment and infrastructure are studied. The indicator is applied to the 40 operative stations of the autonomous community through a telephone questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with representatives of mayors, councilors, and to the persons in charge of the radios. The results demonstrate the vulnerability of the sector, since of the 108 licenses granted to local corporations in Castilla-La Mancha, only 37% are operational. In addition, the grade obtained is described as "very low", and some of them are in danger of extinction. Given the important deficiencies they present in each of the tested variables, paths for improvement are proposed.

The present study has the purpose of characterizing the discursive patterns of the fake news published in Facebook during political processes in Brazil and Mexico during 2018. With this objective, this empirical-descriptive research systematizes the theoretical assumptions about the interrelations between journalism and digital social networks and evaluates the phenomenon of fake news and its implications in today's journalism. As well, the thesis identifies the discursive patterns in the fake news published on Facebook during those political processes. For that purpose, the research is based on the qualitative methodology, in the theoretical level of the hypermedial discourse analysis and also uses the documentary literature review, considering the fake news stories published in Facebook during the presidential campaign periods in Brazil and Mexico (2018), and which were identified as false by previously selected fact-checking sites.

This work aims to approach one of the most interesting topics of the Milagro canton, which is historically related to the issues of identity and territoriality of the people from Milagro. In the analysis of the judicial processes on territorial property, there is a trial with a high historical value because it allows to understand territorial and family dynamics that extend to the city of Guayaquil. In this case, the research team found a testamentary document belonging to Mrs. María de las Nieves Coello, which, in addition to being fundamental from a legal point of view in defining the case, also adds a high biographical value to the historical legacy of the Milagro canton. 

The development and implementation of the free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) can be understood both as a “romantic” and “tragic” story, using a sharp reflection made by Susan Marks (2012) regarding Human Rights. Following this idea, this essay intends to analyse the main developments of FPIC international human rights in the last three decades (the successful story) and the clear and strong limitations of its use in Latin America (the tragic side to it).  Despite the fact that the romantic narrative tells us about a progressive recognition and protection of indigenous rights in international law, especially with instruments such as the ILO Convention 169 (ILO-C169) and the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), these advances have been and are currently deactivated. Through the revision of postcolonial literature and an analysis of relevant research in Latin America, this essay explains how the supposed progress is clearly limited by imbalances in the history of international law itself and in the territorial governance system that is configured in large-scale extractive projects, where FPIC is applied or not. In this manner, despite apparently overcoming colonial times against indigenous peoples, the permanent structure of neo-colonization of indigenous territory prevails for an ever-growing global market. 

This article addresses how in the territory of Telembí in the north of the province of Esmeraldas, its inhabitants created their own ways of circulating knowledge, appropriated technologies such as cell phones and digital media to inform ways of treating COVID through ancestral medicine. In fact, the medicines granted by the state did not arrive massively there. In such a way that people interpreted the use of health from their own culture. 

Beginning in the 19th century, each successive government has implemented a series of policies that evidence its own national development vision. These visions -in general- have been linked exclusively to the economic realm. This study analyzes development policies implemented by Gabriel Garcia Moreno and Rafael Correa, which, although they occurred a century apart, present many similarities in the relationship established between academia, the public sector and development. This research used a methodology based on historical data exploration, which allowed sequential analysis of the data. The comparative analysis of both projects showed that, during these two governments, science and technology became a fundamental axis for national development. As a result, these governments placed great emphasis on the integration of academia to State political-public projects as a means to transform the Country's productive matrix. This led the academic sector to see and understand its environment through the lens of the State and to respond only to its specific requirements.

In this article we have proposed to objectively resolve the following questions: To what extent was the symbolic iconography of the nascent Ecuadorian republic elaborated from the festive monarchical iconography? To what extent were European revolutionary symbols transplanted in the Ecuadorian context? in festive material culture? Who were the actors/builders of the new audiovisual symbols? How and to what extent was a Bolivarian civic religion created in early Ecuador? For this purpose, a series of first-hand documents have been used, such as the first decrees of republican life, the acts of the council and the historical press. At the same time, a detailed study of iconographic elements is presented, as primary artistic sources, specifically related to the visual pedagogy of the neoclassical. Likewise, certain authors who have worked on the construction of Latin American nations are consulted, in order to offer a new theoretical contribution in the Ecuadorian context, its nascent identity and the forms of national worship. 

In 1809 the First Cry of Independence took place in Quito, whose resonance spread throughout the continent, becoming the beginning of the emancipation struggles that, in the case of Ecuador, culminated on May 24, 1822 with the Battle of Pichincha. In addition to the philosophical currents coming from the French Enlightenment, in the construction of the emancipatory discourse of 1809 the ideas of the Pactum translationis (Agreement of transfer of political power) of the Jesuit Francisco Suarez were present in a gravitating way.  This doctrine contains the germ of the theories on democracy and popular sovereignty, developed in England around the controversy with the theories of the divine origin of kings, dominant in medieval Europe. After 1810 - 1812, the doctrine disappeared from the scene of the independence struggles and between 1824 and 1830 European currents were imposed that would give shape to a model of republican state that lasts until today. 

Based on the concept of labor informality, new forms of work generated by the platform economy and their impact on public space are analyzed. Hyperspace plays a fundamental role in the creation of new social capitals and new forms of resistance to dynamics created by the intrinsic despotism of algorithms. The duplicity of spaces that platform workers, although in different dimensions, moves towards the same direction. The research focuses on the case study of Avenida República del Salvador, in the city of Quito. However, although the point of analysis is this Quito street, the dynamism of platform work comes to influence the entire city, so the area of study inevitably expands. 

This article proposes a reading of the images of "little angels", post mortem photographs of children taken in the city of Loja, Ecuador by the photographer, also from Loja, J. Reinaldo Vaca Piedra, who has a repository of at least 60 of these images. The ways of producing, circulating and preserving these photographs are part of a specific visual economy, a symbolic exchange in which both the photographer and the bereaved give the images emotional characteristics. Likewise, the conservation and devotion of this type of images helps to understand the ways of remembering and making memory of the Lojano society of the first years of the 20th century.