Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: changes in society related to the growing number of the elderly population have caused this age group to present greater vulnerability reflected in three risk indicators: functional dependence, economic, physical and emotional burden for families and violence. and/or abandonment. All of the above leads us to consider admitting the elderly to a long-term care home for their care. The objective of this review was to establish the intervention of the physical therapist in the process of comprehensive adaptation of the elderly person to institutionalization. Methodology: descriptive study of bibliographic review of literature, published between 2015 and 2020 available in the following databases: Scielo, Google Academic, PubMed, and BINASSS database, using as descriptors or keywords: physical therapy, adaptation, older adult and institutionalization. 60 scientific articles were chosen in full text, in English and Spanish. According to the Sacket classification, 50% of the articles present a level of evidence 4. Results: the intervention of the physical therapist plays a preponderant role in the process of adaptation implicit in the institutionalization of the elderly. Their skills allow an adequate comprehensive geriatric assessment, from the physical, functional, mental and social areas, as well as the implementation of prevention, care and rehabilitation programs in order to promote the levels of autonomy and quality of life of the institutionalized older adult. Conclusion: the physical therapist through his vision of comprehensiveness, evaluation and follow-up manages to detect risk factors early, with his intervention and the interdisciplinary approach he applies different strategies to recover, maintain and improve the functional capacity of the institutionalized older adult, in turn favors the quality of life in the new environment that favors a satisfactory adaptation.

Introduction: the exposure of garbage to meteorological conditions allows the acceleration of its decomposition processes. Among the most dangerous conditions is garbage in a liquid state (leachate) that can be influenced by rainwater and by the moisture contained in the waste, these leachates can be drained for later treatment or if they are in the layers surface of landfills can evaporate causing garbage in a gaseous state that generates biogas, which can be inhaled and cause respiratory diseases. The danger of developing diseases of this type is focused on the population in direct contact with the garbage in these states. Objective: to determine the contribution of the respiratory therapist to the respiratory health of people who work in garbage collection activities. Methodology: a narrative bibliographical review was carried out to answer the question about what the contribution of the respiratory therapist to the respiratory health of the people is who work in garbage collection activities. Search engines include Pubmed, Scielo, Redalyc, Google Scholar and Elsevier. The descriptors were: “respiratory pathologies”, “garbage”, “interventions”, “evaluations”, “respiratory therapy”. Thirty-six scientific articles were included and classified according to Sackett's level of evidence, as follows: 2 (6%) level II, 3 (8%) level III, 15 (42%) level IV, 16 (44%) level V with a timeframe that goes from 2016 to 2021, in English and Spanish. Results: the contribution of respiratory therapist in this population focuses on prevention and health promotion, use of peak flow, application of spirometry, functional capacity tests, respiratory physiotherapy, nasal lavages, bronchopulmonary hygiene techniques, among other evaluations and interventions. Conclusion: the main respiratory diseases that people who work with garbage can develop are asthma, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, rhinitis, and sinusitis, for which the intervention of a professional in respiratory therapy is necessary through the evaluations and interventions mentioned. previously.

Introduction: spine bifida is a congenital malformation that involves incomplete closure of the spinal column. As the spinal cord does not develop normally, the result is irreversible damage, with involvement at different levels, requiring a multi and transdisciplinary approach. Studies estimate the global incidence between 3.5 and 24.3 per 10,000 pregnancies. According to the World Health Organization, in Costa Rica there is a prevalence of spina bifida of 2.95 per 10,000 births. Regarding the practice of physical activity, this is considered an essential aspect of the quality of life of any individual. In adapted sport or para sport, athletes are grouped by functionality into sport classes. The contents of the original sports are modified according to the remaining motor and sensory function of the children, allowing the practice of various sports modalities of the person with disabilities. The objective of this review is to establish the role of the physical therapist in the recreational or competitive sports initiation of children with spina bifida. Methods: qualitative bibliographic review study of scientific articles found in PubMed, Scielo, Redalyc and Dialnet. Articles published in Spanish and English during the period 2015-2021 were included, using descriptors related to sports initiation in children with spina bifida and physiotherapy approach. Results: through evidence-based, adapted traditional and innovative physiotherapeutic techniques, significant advances can be achieved in areas such as independent locomotion, eye-hand coordination and trunk control, fundamental physiotherapeutic objectives in the sports initiation process in children with spina bifida. Conclusions: early and continuous physiotherapy intervention in children with spina bifida has a favorable impact on the development of physical and cognitive abilities, necessary for sports initiation.

Mycobacterium abscessus is a species of nontuberculous mycobacteria that accounts for 80% of rapidly growing mycobacterial infections. The lung disease associated with it, although rare, has had an increased incidence in Costa Rica in recent years, being evident in 1.19 out of 10 cases of mycobacteria in 2018. The majority of patients are non-smokers, without documented lung disease, and some with a history of having received previous anti-tuberculous treatment, which is considered a risk factor for the development of lung disease due to M. abcessus. Its symptoms can vary from asymptomatic to severe bronchiectasis and cavitary lung disease, with significant morbidity and mortality and its diagnosis requires compliance with defined clinical, radiological and microbiological criteria. Clinical suspicion is vital for diagnosis, as well as culture and species identification for proper treatment. Its treatment is prolonged, up to a year and with multiple medications. We present the case of a 60-year-old male patient who meets the proposed diagnostic criteria for pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium abscessus, who received in-hospital treatment with linezolid, amikacin, and clarithromycin for 30 days, continuing out-of-hospital management for one year with linezolid, doxycycline, clarithromycin and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole orally; with which he evolves satisfactorily. Few clinical trials have been developed to propose a specific treatment scheme to be followed as the optimal therapeutic regimen.

The interaction between bats and plants is key to the stability of ecosystems and economically important industries, such as tequila and mezcal in México.  For these reasons, it is important to determine the current state of knowledge about the plant diet of nectar-feeding bats.  In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on plants that have been reported as sources of food for nectar-feeding bats (subfamily Glossophaginae) in México.  Based on this information, we identified bat species with the best-documented knowledge of their diet, the most consumed plant genera, and the territories with information gaps in the country.  The literature search on the diet of nectar-feeding bats was carried out in the Web of Science database, Google Scholar, and digital collections of universities.  We constructed rarefaction curves for bat diet richness, a heat map of the plant genera consumed by each, and a map of food localities in the different biogeographical provinces of México.  This information served to explore whether knowledge of the diet of bats was related to variables such as the presence of chiropterophilous plants or the richness of nectar-feeding bats.  In México, nectar-feeding bats feed mainly on plants of the genera Agave spp., Pseudobombax spp., and Ceiba spp., which, according to the literature, provide food to more than 75 % of nectar-feeding bats in Mexican territory.  Leptonycteris yerbabuenae is the species with the most information on its diet in México, while Lichonycteris obscura is the species with the least information.  None of the bat species reached a value greater than 65 % of the expected richness.  Localities where the plant diet of nectar-feeding bats has been studied correspond to provinces in the Neotropical region of México.  Knowledge about the diet of nectar-feeding bats in México is far from complete.  The distribution of diet localities is biased over a large part of its geographic range and is positively correlated with areas with higher nectar-feeding bat species richness.

Relationships of mammals to habitat edges is a continuing concern for conservation as habitat fragmentation continues and ratios of edge to interior habitat increase.  Mammal species that respond negatively to habitat edges may be at greater risk of extirpation, whereas species that are attracted to habitat edges may cause unanticipated ecological problems such as increased depredation of songbird nests.  Proximity of contrasting habitats may also result in unique small mammal assemblages, including components of both habitats or providing opportunities for edge specialists (ecotonal effects).  We compared the species composition of small mammals along live-trapping transects in forest edge, forest interior (both 100 m from edge and >1 km from edge), and the adjacent matrix (successional field or old field) in southern Illinois in summer 2003.  All forest transects clustered together but differed from assemblages in either matrix type.  Thus, we did not find an ecotonal effect on the forest side of the edge.  The abundances of the three most common forest-dwelling species did not differ between forest edge and interior.  However, there were more reproductive, adult female Peromyscus leucopus on transects in the forest interior, suggesting this may be higher-quality habitat at our study site, at least in summer.  Edge effects have been reported for a variety of small mammal species, including P. leucopus in small (<2 ha) forest remnants and woodlots.  We conclude that without supporting data one should not assume that edge effects are a consistent, general feature of small mammal abundance.

The natural history and ecology of mammals in the High Andes and Andean cloud forests are poorly known.  This work aims to analyze the relative abundance and activity patterns of medium and large-sized mammals in the Andean portions of the Greater Madidi-Tambopata landscape using the camera trap methodology.  Between 2012 to 2017, twelve sites were sampled covering an altitudinal gradient from 1,057 to 4,902 masl.  A total of 311 digital camera trap stations were installed, and we applied a total effort of 5,144 trap nights (TN).  We recorded a total of 21,346 photographs and 1,152 independent events from which we identified 28 species of mammals.  The species with the highest relative abundance were Lycalopex culpaeus from 1 to 19.89/100TN, Didelphis pernigra from 0.1 to 10.71/100TN, and Eira barbara from 0.2 to 10.48/100TN.  An analysis of activity patterns of the species that presented more than 10 independent events was carried out.  The species with clearly nocturnal habits were Conepatus chinga, Cuniculus paca, Cuniculus taczanowskii, Didelphis pernigra, Mazama chunyi, Mazama americana, Dasypus novemcinctus, Didelphis marsupialis, Lagidium viscacia, Lycalopex culpaeus and Leopardus tigrinus, while Dasyprocta variegata, Nasua sp., Eira barbara, Hippocamelus antisensis and Tremarctos ornatus were diurnal; Puma concolor and Neogale mustela were cathemeral.  The information obtained in our study responds to information gaps of a poorly studied mammal community and highlights the importance of Andean habitats for the conservation and management of montane species.

Introduction:  The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological behavior and care of adults with chronicle pain. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted through a telephone survey (home telephone), to people over 19 years , resident in Costa Rica for at least three months, estimated a random sample with national representativeness, weighted according to the 82 cantons of the country. The prevalence of chronic pain was determined with its respective CI 95% for the country and each province. Results:  interviews were conducted to 375 people in an age range of 57.4 years (SD 17.4), 73.1% women. One hundred and eight people reported chronic pain for a national prevalence of 28.8% (95% CI 24.3-33.7), with a mean age significantly higher than the interviewed population (62.9 years; SD 14.2). None difference were found by province. The mean duration of pain was 61 months (SD: 104.7; range 36-756 months). Osteoarthritis, as a single cause, occurred in 65.6% of cases. The lower limb was the most frequent location (53.70%). For the intensity of pain (numerical scale from 0 to 10): 69.4% scored equal to or greater than 5, 29.6% was placed on the scale between 8 to 10. According to their frequency, 54% had pain on a daily basis; most described it as numbness (40.74%). Eighty-three percent used pharmacological measures, mainly no steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs were used by a 76.9%; 64% of these was prescribed by a professional in medicine, 30% self-medicated or follow advertising advice or friend recommendation. The working area was the most affected sphere of daily life (70.37%), followed by sleep disorders (59.3%). Conclusion: chronicle pain in adults in Costa Rica is a public health problem, with prevalence similar to the one reported in Latin America, that increases significantly with age. Most people, who suffer from it, are affected daily for prolonged period. It highlights the low use of opioid, a high consumption of NSAIDS and self-medication.

Introduction: in recent years, the clinical prediction of survival, defined as the physician's ability to estimate the probable or remaining survival of the patient, has acquired more interest than in the past, however, it remains influenced by the experience of the operator and is poorly reproducible. Globally, ovarian cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death among women and survival is very poor due to difficulties in detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Prognostic information close to reality is a determining tool for decision-making for both doctors and patients. The objective of this review was to review the different tools that exist to determine a survival prognosis in people with cancer in its terminal stage, from a palliative approach and to emphasize women with ovarian cancer. Methodology: a narrative review study was carried out based on scientific articles relevant to the subject, published between 1994 and 2016 in English and Spanish, available in the following databases: Scielo, Google Academic, PubMed, using as descriptors the words prognosis OR survival AND palliative care AND cancer OR ovarian cancer. Results: some studies show that in early stages of epithelial ovarian carcinoma, people with the clear cell subtype have a worse prognosis than those with serous carcinoma. Staging is a prognostic factor recognized by previous studies and has been found to have a significant impact on survival in people with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. However, other studies show that age at diagnosis is another important prognostic factor, becoming a negative prognostic factor as the person advances in age. The disparity in prognosis is very wide depending on the stage of the disease, which is the most important prognostic variable for survival of the disease. Better performance status generally confers greater tolerance to various therapeutic modalities, from surgery to chemotherapy, and induces physicians to use treatments that are more aggressive. Conclusion: Papscore scale is one of the most reliable for determining the survival prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer, since it includes several basic clinical and laboratory parameters, it is easy to apply, accurate and valid. The FIGO staging system is a prognostic factor of independent significance. Both are useful tools in predicting the survival prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer.