Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Dada la importancia que ha tomado el capital cultural e intelectual como nueva forma de lograr ventaja competitiva en las empresas y su innegable aporte al crecimiento cultural de los gestores, se determinó realizar la presente investigación en el Centro de Información y Gestión Tecnológica Ciget Granma. A partir del siguiente problema científico: ¿Cómo puede contribuir el diseño de un procedimiento metodológico en el desarrollo de la capacidad intelectual y cultural de sus especialistas?, resaltando como objeto de la investigación: El desarrollo intelectual y cultural y como objetivo general: Diseñar un procedimiento metodológico en función del desarrollo y evaluación en la entidad citada, determinando como campo de acción: los procesos inherentes a la gestión del conocimiento. La investigación dio cumplimiento a tareas científicas tales como fundamentar teóricamente las principales concepciones relacionadas con las categorías analizadas como base de desarrollo, caracterizar el Ciget Granma desde su actividad fundamental y el estado actual de la gestión del conocimiento y valorar la conformidad con la concepción metodológica para el desarrollo y evaluación de tan necesario tema. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica evaluando los modelos existentes en la teoría clásica y contemporánea, sentando las bases teórico-conceptuales que dieron lugar al procedimiento propuesto a partir de desarrollar y evaluar los elementos más importantes de estos capitales. El trabajo ratifica la importancia de la gestión del conocimiento en la formación de los recursos humanos desde acciones para el avance de la misma, acordes a las necesidades del desarrollo cultural comunitario desde la nueva organización cubana.

[Objective] The objective of this research was to carry out a preliminary diagnosis of the relationship between volcanic gaseous emissions and health effects present among workers of the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC) of the Poás and Turrialba volcanoes of Costa Rica. [Methodology] Ambient air quality was measured by the presence of gaseous emissions (SO2(g), H2S(g), HCl(g), HNO3(ac) and HF(g)), with sampling carried out in 7 strategic points during 7 months. Analyses were performed using different analytical techniques (ion chromatography, spectrophotometry, portable meters). At the same time, interviews were conducted with a sample consisting of 16 park rangers from the study sites, and their medical records were analyzed to detect a preliminary relationship between exposure to gaseous emissions and reported pathologies. [Results] The principal results (pollutants above the detection limit) reported for the two national parks indicated that the highest value in this study was that of SO2 (average of 3 h) in the Poás Volcano (1.90 ± 0.11) mg/m3. The highest concentration of SO2 in Turrialba was (0.40 ± 0.04) mg/m3 during the same period. During the evaluation of park rangers’ health, it was found that the most frequently reported pathologies that impact health in the study population were irritation of the mucous membranes-eyes (n = 9), headaches (n = 8), and fatigue (n = 8). [Conclusion] The results obtained for the gaseous emissions and their possible relationship with pathologies and medical records indicated by park rangers provide a baseline for future research on the subject. A greater number of measurements over longer periods of time is recommended. At the same time, it is necessary to use surveys and carry out medical controls that include tests on specimens such as blood, urine, hair, and saliva, as well as the use of biological and chemical indicators that allow a pathology to be more directly related to a specific chemical contaminant.

This systematic review aimed to identify and critically evaluate the available evidence of the appropriate moment to perform tooth whitening in conventional orthodontic patients. A systematic review in MEDLINE and SciELO databases from inception to February 2021 was carried out by two independent reviewers. Randomized clinical trials, non-randomized clinical trials, case-control, cohort, cross-sectional, case-series and reviews that focused on the application of tooth whitening during or after orthodontic treatment were considered for inclusion. The primary outcome was defined as tooth whitening during/after orthodontic treatment. The secondary outcome included the time in days after bracket debonding in which tooth whitening was performed. Risk of bias analysis was performed for each study and the findings were synthesized in a narrative summary. A total of 4 randomized clinical trials, 1 non-randomized clinical trial and 3 reviews were included in the qualitative synthesis. One study performed tooth whitening during, and three studies after orthodontic treatment. One study compared tooth whitening during and after orthodontic treatment. The time after which tooth whitening was applied following bracket debonding ranged from 7 to 90 days with a mean value of 40.2 days. All studies reported satisfactory improvements in tooth color shade during or after orthodontic treatment independent of the protocol. Low quality evidence suggests that the appropriate moment to perform tooth whitening in conventional orthodontic patients is after brackets removal with a waiting period of at least 30 days. There is not adequate evidence to support tooth whitening during conventional orthodontic treatment.

This work is intended to assist 15-year-old secondary school students to learn about statistics using mathematical modeling. Specifically, open statistical problems are presented in which real social phenomena are studied by students using large data sets that comply with the design principles of model-eliciting activities. The tasks assigned are aimed at presenting the concept of variability and its application to understanding the situations studied using a mathematical model. The study focuses on identifying key episodes in the activities in which progress is made in the construction of mathematical models, and the elements that promote them. To do so, a qualitative analysis is carried out based on records of the students’ group work in the classroom using Modeling Activity Diagrams. The results obtained show that decisions about the design of a problem, such as using large amounts of data, or the ambiguity of social concepts such as “fair taxation,” are essential for promoting the development of mathematical models. The conclusions of this investigation have implications for the design of statistical tasks, and also for identifying the role of mathematical modeling in the learning of statistical concepts.

Soybean delayed harvest may affect the sanitary seed quality, and thus itsuse for the following sowing season. The seed pathogens negatively affect the seed vigor and the normal seedling development hence affecting  optimum crop implantation. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of the soybean delayed harvest due to adverse climatic conditions on the incidence of seed. The assessments were carried out during two seasons (years 2016 and 2018) in Pergamino, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The seeds and stems sanitary analyses were carried out using a blotter test and moist chamber respectively. The fungal reproductive structures were observed through morphological studies under  stereoscopic and optical microscope. The results of this study showed that soybean delayed harvest due to adverse climatic factors significantly increased the incidence of seed pathogens (p < 0.0001) and the presence of fungal reproductive structures on the stems (p < 0.0001).

Rootstocks modify tree performance by adapting to different soil and climatic conditions. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with six replications. The percentage of damage was measured by the following components: cracked fruit, stemless fruit and mechanical damage. The percentage of defect was measured by the following components: spur fruit, double fruit and deep suture. The addition of damage and defect constituted the total loss. Climatic conditions, variety and rootstock influenced all variables. Rootstocks influenced the losses of Bing and Celeste varieties. The rootstocks that recorded the lowest loss and simultaneously, the lowest damage and defect were SL 64, MxM 60 and Weiroot 13, whereas CAB6P and Adara-Mariana 2624 reduced defects but increased damage. Both GiSeLa®5 and GiSeLa®6 reduced damage, although GiSeLa®5 increased defects. Rootstocks SL 64, MxM 60, Weirrot 13 and GiSeLa®6 reduced cracking, mechanical damage and suture; CAB6P and Adara-Mariana 2624 reduced suture and spur but increased cracking and mechanical damage; GiSeLa®5 reduced all three types of damage and increased all types of defects. Proper rootstock selection reduces losses.

Tupiocoris cucurbitaceus (Spinola) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a predator of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) present in several American countries. Rearing this bug requires the use of plants as ovipositional substrate and a prey to feed on to complete its development. Artemia sp. (Branchiopoda, Artemiidae) cyst, a crustacean tested for the laboratory rearing of other hemipteran species, could be used as food, being less expensive than the species commonly employed (Sitotroga cerealella [Olivier] [Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae]). The objective of the present study was to determine nymphal developmental time, nymphal mortality, fertility, and sex ratio of T. cucurbitaceus fed on Artemia sp. cysts. Three diets were used during the rearing of three generations: S. cerealella eggs, Artemia sp. cysts and a mix of both species. The nymphal developmental time (11 to 13 days), nymphal mortality (40 to 66 %), and adult fertility (74 to 101 nymphs / female) were similar for all diets. In all cases, the adults showed a high female proportion (0.67-0.97). In conclusion, Artemia sp. cysts are suitable for T. cucurbitaceus laboratory rearing at least for three generations.

The aim of the present work was to study the bioactivity of lemon, orange, and grapefruit peel essential oils (EOs) obtained from Argentinian plantations on different agronomically important insect and fungal species. The chemical profile of EOs was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS); the insecticidal activity was studied through contact and fumigant assays; the antifungal activity was evaluated with fumigant tests. Orange EO was the most effective against Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzaephilus spp. and Sitophilus granarius in fumigation tests (LC50= 89.39, 94.50, and 163.64 µL/L air, respectively); while the insecticidal effect of EOs was species-dependent in contact toxicity assays. Regarding antifungal activity, Rhizoctonia solanii was more susceptible than Sclerotium rolfsii to the tested EOs, with lemon from Industry 1 and orange being the most toxic EOs (MIC=10.77 µL/plate and 11.02 µL/plate, respectively). Conversely, S. rolfsii was strongly inhibited by lemon EO from Industry 2 (MIC= 52.40 µL/plate). Besides limonene, other compounds that could be responsible for these bioactivities were: linalool, carvone, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, limonene oxide, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, sabinene, neral, neryl acetate, β-caryophyllene and p-cymene. Citrus peel EOs can be used against different pests, contributing to the valorization of citrus residues.

Argentina is the world's leading exporter of confectionery sunflower. This work characterized the morphometric and nutritional composition of sunflower seeds from new confectionery genotypes. Average morphometric variables per seed were: weight 0.11 and 0.06 g with and without achene, respectively; length 15.2 mm; and width 8.50 mm, with most calibers greater than 9.51 mm. Proximate analysis indicated that seeds without shell were an important source of lipids (49 %), as well as proteins (28 %), carbohydrates (11 %), and minerals (4.8 % ashes). Fatty acid composition showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids were the major components (56 %), followed by monounsaturated ones (34 %), and saturated ones (11 %). The mid-oleic genotype developed by INTA showed significantly greater oleic acid (47 %) and lower linoleic acid (42 %) than the commercial hybrid. Proteic composition showed 33 % of essential amino acids (EAA) while fiber and sugars represented 3.9 % and 7.3 % respectively; macroelements such as K, Mg and Ca, and microelements such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Co, Mo and Na. New confectionery sunflower hybrids developed by INTA stand out for their high quality in edible oil, proteins and essential components, all very valuable for the food industry.

The climate inthe province of Córdoba has suitable conditions for the occurrence of firesannually. The impact of current drought and preceding humidity conditions on fire activity was analyzed and modeled for the main eco-regions of the center of the country by using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). A statistically significant relationship was observed between fires and droughts forthe same season, while preceding weather conditions played a relatively minor role, depending on the region. A fire frequency map for the period 2001-2020 was created from the MODIS burned area product MCD64A1.The mountain region was the most affected in terms of burned area andthe fire frequency ranged from 1 to 6 times. Furthermore, the models presented here estimated a positive response of fire occurrence to higher humidity conditions in the previous year. The Bañadosdel Río Dulce region had the highest fire occurrence and frequency, with sites burnedup to 11 times. The models presented for the individual eco-regions are robust enough for developing a seasonal forecasting system to support fire management strategies.