Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This paper describes a study that approaches power relations expressed through deontic modal verbs in the novel The Breadwinner from a linguistic perspective focusing on the lexical-grammatical level. The study also explores, from a socio-discursive approach, the implication of habitus as a regulating principle of the social practices that permeate language and are reproduced through translation. The study allowed associating the meanings of deontic modal verbs with the forces with which power relations are constructed in this novel, in addition to identifying their various nuances, as a basis for making decisions for subsequent translation and for encouraging discussion and critical reflection on these issues.

En la actualidad la autoficción ocupa un lugar destacado dentro de las narrativas latinoamericanas asociadas a procesos de violencia política, evidenciando una producción relevante de novelas autoficcionales sobre todo a partir de los años 90. En este contexto, autores como Pedro Juan Gutiérrez y Zoé Valdés en Cuba, Fernando Vallejo en Colombia, Laura Alcoba en Argentina o Nona Fernández y Alejandro Zambra en Chile, por nombrar solo algunos, se han propuesto en su obra hacer memoria de estos sucesos y enfrentar al relato que proviene desde la oficialidad...

Desde los inicios de su trayectoria como lingüista y poeta, Mario Montalbetti (Lima, 1953) detecta que hay algo en el lenguaje que escapa a las teorías de carácter evolutivo (instrumental) y referencial (semántico) que se han dado sobre él. Algo que solo pone de manifiesto el poema, contexto en el que las palabras trascienden sus usos directos y comunicativos, y arman un sentido que no busca una correspondencia exacta en la realidad.

Historias del Arte en Chile 1850-1950 es una obra exhaustiva que abarca un siglo de desarrollo artístico en el país. El recorrido que propone su autor, Pedro Emilio Zamorano, Doctor en Historia del Arte y académico titular de la Universidad de Talca, abarca aspectos históricos, sociales, culturales, estéticos e iconográficos presentes en la pintura, escultura, crítica e institucionalidad chilena.

The study reviews two poetry collections by Aristóteles España (1955-2011), Dawson (1984) and Los pájaros de post-guerra (1994), the former written during the dictatorship in a detention and torture camp, the latter under apparent freedom in the context of transition to democracy. From the concepts of subaltern subject and memory, this article contemplates the construction of the poetic subject in both lyrical discourses, which allows to situate the “poet” subject and his enunciation in front of two different experiences that are part of recent Chilean history. In Dawson, the subaltern subject describes the repression suffered in an attempt to overcome the isolation and pain, while in Los pájaros de post-guerra, the surviving subject exposes his own fragmentation.

The nutritional or medicinal use of animals depends on the regional culture, worldview of local indigenous peoples, diversity, abundance, distribution and management of animals. It is also necessary to identify the way in which communities determine the value of species related to their nutritional properties or for the treatment of diseases, and their influence on the sustainable management of their populations, based on the knowledge of the human communities that use them as a resource. The nutritional or medicinal use of wildlife by communities in the Sierra de Mariscal, Chiapas, Mexico and the department of San Marcos, Guatemala was analyzed. During the months of February and March 2023, a catalog of animals and a 10-item questionnaire on their use, the diseases they cure, body parts used and ways of preparing the fauna were designed, which was applied to 110 inhabitants of communities in both study regions. The information was analyzed with frequency tables and a network analysis based on geodetic theory, which evaluates the relationships between species, their consumption, parts used and diseases they potentially cure. A diversity of 24 species of fauna is reported, of which n=21 (87.5%) have medicinal use (77 mentions) and eight species (32.5%) have food use (33 mentions). Amphibians and fish (4.1% each group), birds and insects (8.2% each), reptiles (12.5%), exotic and introduced animals (20.8%) and wild mammals (40.1%) were the species consumed. The diseases that wildlife can potentially treat through consumption are: cough, asthma, colds, arthritis, epilepsy, hypertension, pneumonia, acne, rheumatism and muscle pain relief, athlete's foot, relief of childbirth and reduction of cancer. This information could be important for the future development of studies on nutraceutical compounds associated with the treatment of these diseases, and that simultaneously support sustainable management strategies of wildlife populations by communities.

Currently, in agriculture, pest control tools that are respectful of the environment are sought, with biological control as an alternative. The most effective biological control programs implemented seek to use organisms adapted to the regions where the pests occur; Therefore, knowing local biodiversity is essential to establish these programs. The objective of this work was to identify a species of Chrysopidae present in a plot of urban gardens in the state of Puebla, as well as to describe the immature state of this species. Collections were made in the study area, breeding was established in the laboratory, as well as the identification and description of the immature state of Chrysoperla exotera (Navás, 1914), reported for the first time in the State of Puebla, in addition to updating the identification key proposed by Tauber (1974) for the larval stages of the genus Chrysoperla.

The seasonality of tropical deciduous forests generates changes in vegetation structure, microclimatic conditions, and resource availability, which can affect amphibians and reptiles. This study assessed the response of the taxonomic diversity of amphibians and reptiles to the seasonality in a tropical deciduous forest in the Sierra Mixteca of Puebla, Mexico. We compared the effective number of species, abundance, and species composition between the dry and the rainy season. The results indicate that the effective number of amphibian and reptile species did not vary significantly between seasons. Amphibian abundance was greater in the rainy season, while reptile abundance did not vary significantly between seasons. The amphibian community exhibited greater evenness in the dry season, in contrast to the rainy season, which was dominated by two species. The reptile community displayed a heterogeneous distribution of abundance in both seasons. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of amphibian abundance to the seasonality of this ecosystem, compared to reptile abundance. However, within each taxonomic group, we detected different responses, which may be related to the physiological, behavioral, and morphological traits characteristic of the species. It is necessary to consider conservation strategies for the remnants of this ecosystem in the Mixteca poblana, which serves as a refuge for amphibian and reptile communities with a high percentage of endemism.

The hickory shuckworm Cydia caryana Fitch 1856 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a key pest of pecan nut in the state of Coahuila, Mexico, whose damage severely impacts yield and fruit quality. Given the growing interest in alternatives to chemical control, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity and abundance of parasitoids associated with C. caryana in different localities with altitudinal variation, and to analyze the influence of ecological and agricultural management factors on their presence. During 2019 and 2020, 10,505 walnut husks damaged by C. caryana were collected at six localities in Coahuila, with altitudes ranging from 490 to 1,600 masl. The material was incubated under controlled conditions to record the emergence of adults of the pest and parasitoids. The emerged species were identified morphologically and analyzed with the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices and Pielou's richness and evenness to characterize the community by site. Two main species of parasitoids were identified: Calliephialtes grapholithae Cresson 1890 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Phanerotoma fasciata Provancher, 1881 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with higher abundance in medium-high altitude localities such as Saltillo (1,600 m), General Cepeda (1,470 m) and Parras de la Fuente (1,565 m). In contrast, in Torreón (1,110 m), where C. caryana was highly prevalent, no parasitoids were collected, suggesting an ecological gap possibly associated with the intensive use of insecticides in adjacent crops, such as cotton. Altitude significantly influences the distribution and abundance of parasitoids associated with C. caryana. High altitudes favor their establishment, while intensive chemical management limits their presence in low altitudes. These results underline the importance of promoting integrated pest management strategies that take into account both local ecological conditions and the conservation of natural enemies in the agricultural landscape.

This study provides information on the biology, ecology and molecular identification of the wasp Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a non-native, gregarious and polyphagous primary parasitoid of lepidopteran pupae, especially Agraulis vanillae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) infesting backyard crops of Passiflora edulis Sims, 1818 (Platae: Passifloraceae) in Panama. Through sequence analysis of the 28S rDNA gene, a high similarity with sequences previously recorded in GenBank was determined. These results confirm the presence of T. diatraeae in Panama, and a new host for this parasitoid is reported, suggesting its possible introduction from neighboring countries and its establishment in our country. The Neighbor-Joining method was used to construct phylogenetic trees, which revealed a close relationship with other species of the Eulophidae family. This study underlines the importance of combining taxonomic tools to accurately identify invasive insect species that may affect the region's agriculture and the native entomofauna.