Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Purpose: To classify the type of product demand placed on the market by auto parts companies in Mexico focusing on the assembly and sale of auto parts at national and international level, which is the basis for the adequate provision of materials in the studied supply chain.  Methodologyical design : From a total of 14,895 products, 326 components were selected through the ABC method to perform the demand pattern analysis which was carried out according to the average demand interval and the square coefficient of variation using the monthly demands of each product.  Results: The probabilistic analysis of the demand for the 14,895 products shows smoothed (63.80%), erratic (19.94%), lumpy (11.35%) and intermittent (4.91%) demand patterns from which it is concluded that the demand patterns for these companies are mainly of the smoothed type.  Research limitations: The probabilistic analysis conducted is based on the data provided by three autoparts companies in México, of which, after the ABC analysis, only the articles of category A were considered for the results obtained. Proposing a different technique other than ABC analysis is limited by the type of data provided by companies.  Findings: Due to the number of factors involved in demand variability, it is vital to rely on tools that aid in reaching trustworthy demand forecasts, maintaining companies competitive in customer service quality. Further, the complexity of forecasting automotive spare parts is a challenge which the automotive industry is currently facing. The classification of demand patterns resulting from the study allows for the selection of an appropriate forecasting method for each pattern and improvement of supply conditions of the different companies. This type of study and data analysis permits better decision-making by those responsible for the supply components. 

Purpose:This article considers an in-depth intra-case analysis of a North-South alliance that came into being in the Americas, where the absence of any state power regulating such initiatives makes their emergence more complex.  Methodological design:To substantiate this case, some 77 semi-structured field interviews were conducted between 2004 and 2018 with 60 key union representatives in the mining industry.  Results: Theyconfirm that a key to the success of transnational alliances lies in the actors’ ability to developa community of risks and fate built around a strong sense of belonging to the group, in opposition to opponents and in the name of clearly defined project and scale. They also confirm that three main levels ofcontingencies have shaped the alliance's evolution.  Research limitations: Even though our findings cannot be generalized, wider lessons can be learned from this contribution.  Findings:They dissolve the analytical relevance of the North-South cleavage which appears to be overused conceptually. The plasticity of the union responses in terms of transnational solidarity are also strongly rooted in space, time and the contingencies of the moment. Such findings open up an almost limitless field of possibilities for future research and validation in both the North and South.  

Purpose: To present a proposal to incorporate the basic technological elements that are required in Mexican SMEs to integrate themselves into Industry 4.0.Methodological design: An analysis of four secondary sources is carried out: the characteristics of associated digital technologies, literature review on case studies, international methodologies and manuals for their incorporation, and digitization conditions of SMEs in Mexico.Results: A process consisting of a pre-Industry 4.0 stage and four phases determined by the complexity of digital technologies and the possibilities of use that make the incorporation of each of them feasible is proposed.Research limitations: This work is the result of an analysis of secondary sources; hence, it requires verification in case studies to verify its viability and it is only valid in the context of Mexico.Findings: Due to the characteristics and conditions of the companies, as well as the national environment, a previous digitization stage is required in order for SMEs to be able to effectively incorporate the technologies associated with Industry 4.0.

The sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants is an element of great importance due to the pollutants that constitute it and its potential impact on the environment. Therefore, it is important to investigate new technologies that can treat these biosolids with less impact and convert them into usable products, such as fertilizers. This article presents a review of the important aspects of the treatment of sewage sludge by means of wetlands and vermicomposting processes to obtain a material that can be applied to agricultural soil. Initially, information concerning the origin and composition of sewage sludge is presented. Subsequently, important aspects to consider in the treatment of sludge are mentioned, followed by an individual explanation of the treatments using wetlands and vermicomposting. Finally, the integrated treatment of wetlands and earthworms is described. At the end, conclusions and possible future research concerning the topic addressed in the article are drawn.

The present research was carried out on the adaptation and yield of Glycine Max l., in the agroecological conditions of the Quinindé canton of Ecuador, under the geographical coordinates: 00o13'33'' north latitude and 73o26'00'' west longitude, to determine the adaptation and yield of 15 soybean materials to these agroecological conditions. Fifteen treatments and three replications were applied, using InfoStat software for significance testing. In the experiment, soil analysis, mechanized field preparation, sowing, weed control, fertilization, phytosanitary controls and harvesting were carried out. The agronomic parameters evaluated were: plant height, branches per plant, days to flowering, bearing height, pods per plant, days to maturity, days to harvest, seeds per pod, seeds per plant and economic analysis. The results indicate a good adaptation of all treatments; specifically their earliness, loading height, grain weight and yield. It is concluded that the adaptation and yield processes will contribute significantly to the formulation of new studies, considering the growing demand for products made from soybeans, thus benefiting producers and consumers.

Digital marketing contributes to create a competitive advantage for national and international commerce. The objective is to analyze the trend of scientific production on digital marketing at a global level, using bibliometric indicators. The results present production, visibility, impact and collaboration indicators. Identifying a sustainable and exponential rate of production, the country with significant levels of publications is in quartile 4, the prevalent keywords are "Digital Marketing", "Social Media" and "Marketing", is the United States. It is concluded that the bibliometric analysis provides information on the products generated from the different territories where they are produced, which becomes important elements for business, public and social decision making.

The article proposes a new methodology for the knowledge of the electorate, coming from the field of psychology, which can serve as part of the inputs to define political communication strategies to win elections. By knowing the electorate better, one has a competitive advantage that can be decisive in winning an electoral campaign. The importance of voter knowledge is exemplified by describing the cases of the presidential elections in Colombia and Mexico in 2018. It is concluded that the cognitive window of the voter enables a better knowledge of the voters, and consequently, can help to improve the strategic sense in the struggle to occupy spaces of public representation in democratic regimes.

In a society where social participation has been an essential component of the progress achieved, there are symptoms of exhaustion and limitations in its potential. The incorporation of new measures in the current context has not been able to give the required impetus. A set of limitations can be observed, the solution of which is a commitment of the authorities and local communities that join efforts to face the challenges posed. The article focuses on the argumentation of the challenges supported by research that provides the elements of judgment that support the discourse. The times demand the experimentation of new behaviors and attitudes.

Cocoa marketing in Ecuador represents one of the main economic activities that generate employment. The objective was to analyze the macro and micro-environmental factors that influence cocoa marketing in the Malimpia parish of Quinindé canton. For this purpose, a descriptive and exploratory research was carried out. The information was collected through interviews and documentary review. The results showed opportunities that favor the commercialization of the bean. The analysis of the microenvironment revealed high rivalry among marketing companies, low bargaining power of suppliers, and medium bargaining power of buyers. In addition, threats from new entrants and exit barriers were identified and it was found that there are no substitutes for cocoa beans. It was concluded that among the final proposals is the participation in working groups that transcend the borders of cocoa marketing in the canton and the Malimpiay Parish and even the province, to benefit through the evaluation of management plans that are carried out in other areas and measure the possibility of replicating or contributing to producers of the same agronomic species through a research and development network to enhance the economy and strengthen the bonds of strategic alliances.

This study aims to determine the feasibility of administrativelyimplementing a deconcentrated and process-based institutionalmanagement model at the University of Guayaquil, as well as theproposal of a management model that allows the execution ofstrategic, business and support processes at the University ofGuayaquil, in order to achieve a significant institutionaltransformation. For this purpose, a survey and analysis of the currentprocess management at the UG was carried out, which allowsproposing to the authorities the tools and mechanisms through whichthe implementation of processes could be made more viable and thuscomply with the Plan of Excellence proposed by the InterventionCommission, which will lead the institution to overcome the Dcategory in which it is currently located.