Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of the study is to analyze the economic impact of Covid-19 on travel and tourism agencies in the city of Chachapoyas in Peru during the year 2021. The methodology is developed under a quantitative approach, gathering information through interviews and surveys applied to 31 travel and tourism agencies in the city of Chachapoyas. In the results, it has been determined that the sanitary measures given by the government because of the Covid-19 pandemic, causing a serious negative economic impact on travel and tourism agencies, resulting in 29% of the total number of tourist agencies closing temporarily, 19.4% of companies are operating part-time, which means that almost half of the travel and tourism agencies have decided to reinvent themselves in other commercial areas, due to the low demand of domestic and foreign tourists who visit us. It is concluded that the impacts of the pandemic on these sectors require adjustments in the decision making process.

The objective of this research was to analyze the contribution of theactivities of the students who took the community service subjects in2021 to the strengthening of technology transfer in the La Concordiacanton of the Santo Domingo de Los Tsáchilas province and its areaof influence. Its contribution to the training processes and thereforeto the link with society is shown at the career level. The leading roleof directors, teachers and students of the university institution incollaborating in the development of the linking activities reflected inthe study of student intervention in the canton of La Concordia isrecognized. As a result of this documentary analysis, we have that 300students and 43 teachers participated, providing 49 training courses,between the academic periods 2020-2s and 2021-1s, in the midst ofthe Covid-19 pandemic.

This project demonstrates the feasibility of creating a theme park on Ecuadorian chocolate in the canton of Naranjal, which aims to strengthen and improve the tourism of the canton and its surroundings, through a novel establishment and family entertainment. The idea was born from the importance of products such as cocoa and chocolate in the economy of Ecuador and the need for a new place that offers integration and entertainment to the public, both national and foreign. Each chapter is part of an extensive research and planning process, such as a correct market study, where the acceptance of the project by the public and private sectors was known, a marketing plan detailing strategies for each element of the marketing mix, an organizational analysis of what will lead the company to be formed and the respective engineering of the same, showing the different areas that will make up the Chocolate Theme Park. In addition, the financial analysis is included, where investment values, income and projected cash flows are indicated to demonstrate the viability of the project.

In this paper we describe the importance of computational toolsto optimize the efficiency of passenger mobility within an urbannetwork. The main objective is to identify the best route of theurban network to mobilize passengers. For the study, as areference we took a single origin of the routes located at thebus terminal in the center of the city. On the other hand, as adestination we selected random locations in the six farthestneighborhoods, where travel times are longer and moresignificant. On the other hand, the means of urban transportchosen were cabs and motorcycle cabs because they are morein demand by travelers. The data used for development weretravel time, distance, fare, travel frequency and the latitude andlongitude coordinates of the origin and destinations. Amongthe results, the most suitable routes to mobilize travelers wereidentified. These routes were plotted on the respective maps ofthe urban network to motivate the generation of public policies.It was determined that the travel times calculated by thecomputational algorithms differed from those obtained in thedirect surveys of drivers. These differences remain underdiscussion if they are due to the poor state of the roads andconditions of the means of transportation versus the criteria orparameters with which we evaluated in the algorithms. 

The purpose of this study is to compare Over-The-Top (OTT) andInternet Protocol Television (IPTV) services, the former consists of thetransmission of audio, video and other types of content over theInternet, while the IPTV service is the one that transmits audio andvideo over IP protocols. The advantages of OTT and IPTVtechnological systems, protocols for their operation, and a briefreview of the hardware required for implementation are presented.The methodology used in the study is bibliographic documentary, theinformation obtained for the constitution of the conceptual theoreticalframework was obtained from specialist. The results allow to evidencethat in Ecuador most citizens have a TV and smartphone in theirhomes, more than half of the population has Internet connectionpermanently, the evolution of the use of OTT and IPTV exacerbatedby the confinement due to the health emergency, are inputs that allowus to conclude that video streaming services: OTT and IPTV constitutean alternative for users, due to the accessibility they present of thecontent to the user.

Competition among companies, due to their eagerness to corner the market, generates fluctuations that are perceived in the global economy and social development, this research work focuses its objective on analyzing social responsibility in small and medium-sized companies in the city of Guayaquil, methodologically a mixed approach was used that involves the different stakeholders, being the economic results a strategy of the company, demonstrating consistency in the behavior of social responsibility. It is concluded that the responsibility generated from small and medium enterprises in Ecuador seeks to generate an impact that modifies social conditions from the territory where they are located, in addition to the set of provisions that exist in the country to manage this type of corporate social responsibility.

The objective of the research is to design a model of urban sustainabilityindicators to strengthen the local development of the canton of LaLibertad; urban sustainability indicators have been seen as signals thatmark the progress of the achievement of the objectives and goals set inthe urban planning process, and allow making relevant and timelydecisions. The types of research used are descriptive and analytical, bymeasuring variables through the deductive and inductive methods; apopulation of 48671 was considered, corresponding to the number ofinhabitants of the canton of La Libertad between the ages of 20 and64, from which a sample of 356 people was selected. The proposedmodel MSUCLL - 2021, is a model determined in relation to the criteriadetermined in the research, thus allowing the improvement of criticalfactors that affect urban sustainability; it includes 4 axes: compactnessand functionality, urban complexity, efficiency, and social cohesion.

The research was carried out at the Quevedo State Technical University, Faculty of Livestock Sciences, located in the Experimental Farm "La María". The influence of cocoa fermenters made from woods (Guayacán Blanco, Laurel, Pine) on the physicochemical quality of Trinitario and Nacional variety cocoa beans was evaluated; sensory and bromatological analysis of the cocoa paste. A completely randomized design (DCA) with factorial arrangement (3x2) was applied, it was determined by the cut test the minimum 60% of well fermented almonds, violet beans 21%, slate beans exceeded 12%, as for the specific flavor profile it was determined that the T1 (C. Nacional-C. Laurel) Cacao odor, T6 (C. Trinitario-Pino) Floral profile, T2 (C. Trinitario-Guayacán Blanco) Sweet and presents the best attributes; as for the basic bitterness flavor profile, T3 (C. Nacional-Pino) has a high average; T6 and T5 (Nacional-Guayacán Blanco) obtain an average in acidity and astringency; in acquired flavors Green and Mold, T6 and T3 present high averages in the cocoa paste. Regarding the physical-chemical analysis, T6 shows moisture (2.44%), T5 (3.37%) in ash, (51.11%) in fat, T4 (Trinitario-Laurel), T6 with a pH of (5.82) and T5 shows an acidity of (1.34%) in the cocoa paste. The maximum temperature reached in the fermentation of the Nacional cocoa (44.52°C) in pinewood crates, while the minimum temperature was for the Trinitario cocoa (35.66°C) in the fermenter made of Guayacán Blanco wood.

The objective of the research is to identify factors related to the commercialization of the production of different products sold by the Asociación Agropecuaria Cristóbal Colón. Small farmers and ranchers enter different programs offered by MAGAP in the Province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, including the Parish of Valle Hermoso, in order to get help and advice for their businesses, while most have problems when determining the costs of their products, because there is no business model within the national market, including the planning and evaluation of products to perform accounting processes with more continuity, how to know what are their investment costs, expenses and what is the profit that each business has. Through this study of the cost of production it is possible to identify that the different merchants should have an adequate model on how to carry out an accounting and taxation process more frequently.  A survey was applied to 23 members of the "Cristobal Colon" Association of the Parish of Valle Hermoso, obtaining as a result that milk occupies the first place as a product with territorial identity, followed by cocoa, palm heart and coffee, which are relevant for the economy of the Parish of Valle Hermoso.

The purpose of this research is to determine the level of acceptance among cocoa farmers in the La Cadena sector of the Valencia canton, province of Los Ríos, of a proposal for associativity. For this purpose, surveys were conducted to 25 cocoa farmers in the study area, aimed at identifying the main reasons that farmers have to associate, quantify the degree of acceptance of the associativity proposal, determine associativity strategies for the improvement of the production chain of the sector La Cadena, canton Valencia, province of Los Rios. The main results showed that in the area there is a great willingness to associate, so that 88.00% indicated that they would associate, rating the associativity plan as important (36.00%) and very important (52.00%), considering that it is of greater importance to acquire associative credits. Farmers preferably aim to improve marketing, access to new production technologies and markets with better prices. The objectives that farmers seek to associate are new markets for the sale of cocoa, elimination of intermediaries and post-harvest management of the bean. The associative strategies that farmers are inclined to use are to attend different production fairs in which they participate with their product in search of potential markets.