Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Music perception and sound production are very important skills in the formation of musicians who play bowed string instruments. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the knowledge of these abilities and the relationship between them. A systematic literature review using the PRISMA protocol has been conducted. Studies were extracted from Sage, Scopus, WoS, and JSTOR using the terms: music, tuning, intonation, and perception. A total of 1819 studies were found, and 29 were selected. The studies analyzed covered the period from 1937 to 2019 and the levels from elementary school to professional players. The analysis applied six predetermined categories to data extracted from the selected studies showing at best a moderate relationship between both abilities. The data could confirm an increase in the relationship between the two skills due to factors such as learning and developmental stages. However, these stages are related to automation of psychomotor schemas and cognitive development, as well as the development of the musical expression of the students. Several apparent trends related to music perception and sound production are discussed.

The book “Presencia y significados de la música en la adolescencia” presents 8 chapters that encompass a wide range of ideas and contributions for a better understanding of this vital stage in which music plays such a relevant role. It is for this reason that music education is at the basis of all the proposals included in this book, related, among others, to the development of values, critical thinking, multidisciplinarity, the gender perspective, creativity, the use of different arts and the use of new technologies. Furthermore, with the multitude of proposals it contains, it provides a wide range of tools to develop a large number of activities and proposals related to music during the Secondary education stage.

The rhythmic aspect is fundamental in the Music Education class at school. The aim of this article was to collect the opinions of Chilean music teachers regarding the approach to rhythmic elements -isochronic pulse, tempo, meter (metrical accent) and rhythmic phrases or patterns- in the third and fourth year of Primary Education. For this purpose, two focus groups were carried out. One group was made up of 6 initial teachers (3-4 years of service) and the other was made up of 5 advanced or expert teachers (more than 12 years of service). The results show that the most frequently used means are body movement and verbal language, which are worked mainly considering auditions related to the musical preferences and previous experiences of the students. For the future, it is important to strengthen the elements indicated for music teaching and to continue analyzing the praxis of music teachers in relation to the teaching of rhythm in the classroom.

Número completo

The location of Higher Artistic Education institutions in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) is still to be completed after ten years of implementation. The academic literature and those responsible for management agree on the hypothesis that current Spanish legislation prevents the development of three essential aspects: institutional autonomy, the development of research and the equalisation of the rights of students and teaching staff with those of the rest of the university community. This article presents the results of the analysis of the content of the legislation, of the policies developed by the State Government and by the autonomous governments of three territories (Galicia, Andalusia and Catalonia), of which 3 centres are studied, with the aim of comparing the effects of the policies on the rights of students, teaching staff and the centres themselves. The resulting data will allow the development of new policies to serve the needs of the education system. The work suggests that schools in the EHEA, in general, are prepared to deal with the issues of student rights. The work suggests that the EE.AA.SS. schools, in general, are ready to face the challenge. In order to make the proposal, we have taken as a reference different European institutions that present successful models of higher education institutions.

Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) is a subjective construct of a maladaptive type created by the musician himself. This problem triggers a series of physical, cognitive, and behavioural symptoms that lead to a decreased interpretive effectiveness in public and a risk to the overall health of the sufferer. Therefore, this is a problem that affects musicians, both students and professionals, and constitutes a real obstacle to their careers. In this work, the level of MPA has been measured in learners of Professional Music Education Studies in Murcia (Southeast of Spain). For this purpose, the Spanish version of the K-MPAI (Kenny-Music Performance Anxiety Inventory) questionnaire was given to a sample of 403 students. The results indicate that the factors of MPA that reach higher levels are anxious apprehension, proximal somatic anxiety, and worry/dread. It is concluded that women, wind instrumentalists, students whose parents are musicians, as well as those who have studied music for more years present higher levels of AEM compared to their comparison group counterparts.

The study area is located between the towns of Santa Cruz and Nicoya, Guanacaste, it is a geographic area of 164 km2 with a dry to humid tropical climate, where igneous and sedimentary rocks are exposed on the surface. Our research it is a geological prospecting, evaluated and analyzed the clays from a mechanical, edaphological and ceramic perspective to determine the quality of the ceramic products generated using the soils in the study area. A total of 44 soil samples and 30 rock samples were collected from locations near the floodplain. The results obtained show that altered basalts bearing secondary aluminosilicate minerals and silica-rich sandstones are the main precursor rocks for clays used in the manufacture of ceramics by potters from Chorotega region. It is also verified that the soils of the study area belong to the vertisoils and alfisoils taxonomy, which can generate good quality ceramic pieces, since they are ballclay and fireclay type clays (Nelson, 1960). They show porosities between 51 % and 61 %, plasticity indexes raging from 14 to 29, densities greater than 1,7 g/cm3, a content of fines greater than 59,9 %, and when cooked, they have less than 11 % shrinkage and less than 30 % moisture loss. Therefore, the study concludes that the soils have the appropriate ceramic properties to be able to produce pieces with few ceramic defects, resistant and without problems either for their slip or for the final details and decorations.

The genus Parascyllium is recorded for the first time for the Cenozoic of the Caribbean and Neotropical America Region. Currently the 5 extant species of the genus are restricted to southern Australian waters, and the worldwide fossil records of Parascyllium are extremely scarce, which is why the Costa Rican fossil record is such a significant finding.

In this work, the fundamental period of the soil (Tf) was identified in 185 sites located in the Central Canton of San José (CCSJ), by using the H/V spectral ratio. The fundamental periods were obtained from measurements at each site. About 85 % of the sites where the H/V method was applied allowed a clear identification of the fundamental period, which corresponds to the peak of the highest amplitude in the H/V graph. When presenting the results of Tf in maps, 3 zones are clearly observed, where the periods are on average 0.5 s with extreme values of 0.1 to 0.9 s for zone 1, less than 0.3 s for zone 2 and variable between 0.1 and 0.4 s for zone 3. The highest measured fundamental period is located as an isolated point in the southwestern sector of the Mata Redonda district and has a value greater than 0.8 s. Both the soil classification and the Vs30 parameter were estimated from correlations established by Pinzón et al. (2021).

During 2022, the National Seismological Network (RSN) located 4763 local earthquakes, which is equivalent to the seismic energy released by an earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 7.0. The epicenters were mainly concentrated in nine areas with 25-400 events. A total of 184 earthquakes (~4 % of the total) were felt by the population, including 19 with Mw between 5.0 and 6.7. Most of these events were shallow (~87 % < 30 km), of low magnitude (~52 % Mw < 3.9), and originated by faults in the Caribbean and Panama plates (~52 %). The largest earthquake of the year, Mw 6.7, was related to the subduction of the Nazca plate and generated the highest reported intensity of V in Burica. High intensities were not reported because all of the Mw ≥ 5.5 earthquakes were located offshore and far from populated centers.