Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Disasters can lead to social and economic losses and a sharp increase in social risks. The ‘benefício eventual’ is a social protection measure whose aim is to prevent vulnerability and to respond to social risks in unpredictable situations, such as disasters. In this sense, what is the role of the ‘benefício eventual’ in the context of disasters? The main objective of this study is to verify the role of ‘benefício eventual’ in disaster situations in Brazil. To provide a more detailed approach on the research process, this investigation has three specific objectives: a) discuss the convergences between the principles of legal security and the prohibition of retrogression related to the provision of the ‘benefício eventual’; b) describe the legislation of the ‘benefício eventual’; c) analyze how the ‘benefício eventual’ is provided during a disaster. This research uses the documentary analysis of constitutional and social security legislation, academic papers, and books. The results indicate that the ‘benefício eventual’ is not merely an amount of money, but a set of policies to fulfill population’s needs after a disaster.

In Mexico, the health system is essential within the responsibilities of the State. Historically, modifications implemented in its structure in the search to make its operation more efficient, and thereby contribute to equity and social justice. The objective of this work was to analyze the impact of the last organic-structural modification made to the Health System related to the re-centralization of health services. Through a legislative analysis of the last modification to the health system and documentary research for the period 1970-2018, the main organizational changes and their impact were identified. It was found that the proposed re-centralization process is not well defined, prevailing on the establishment of coordination agreements between the federal government and the states. In conclusions the proposal to re-centralize through the National Institute of Health for Welfare, is limited to a change in the denomination, since it continues supported by the concurrence with the federal entities. Therefore, it does not represent a substantial transformation to overcome the fragmentation of the system, since re-centralization implies the search for legal, organizational and financing mechanisms that have an impact on improving its performance.

One of the premises of Social Law is to build frameworks for the access and exercise of fundamental rights to improve life: health, employment, education, housing, social security, etcétera. These rights have been interwoven with the concept of “Development”, which has been part of the discourses and economic paradigms of the last decades and as a axis of public policies in the fight against poverty. This article is a conceptual reflection of Social Exclusion, as a theoretical possibility that allows rethinking the scope of Development. Thus, it is concluded that Social Law is parallel to development but requires to be installed in the fight against the areas and factors of social exclusion, which limit the exercise of fundamental rights and recognition of social justice.

The peasantry has been represented differently within law. While some have emphasized on the peasantry as agrarian labor, others underpin their land access aspiration. The historical variations of such representations reveal the interactions between economic and political structures influence and the juridical field. In Colombia, the current designation, that considers the peasantry as a subject of special constitutional protection, is both linked with recent legal mobilization of the peasantry, under the frame of the 1991 Constitution and the recent developments of the Human Rights International Law, as much as with previous cycles of land struggles, as an element that enable peasant’s right to labor. This paper analyzes the connection between both processes and points out some of their limitations.

The research that originates this article is qualitative and was carried out based on the data provided by the 50 best law firms in Peru, according to the ranking prepared by Leaders League, Chambers and Partners and The Legal 500, with the objective of determine if the civil contracting of lawyers, by legal firms, is in accordance with national regulations or if it implies a contracting in fraud of law.The article is divided into four sections, aside from the Introduction, Conclusions and Bibliographical References, which are: I) Principle of equality and non-discrimination, II) Contracting modality of lawyers in law firms; III) Can this contracting modality be classified as corruption and discrimination? IV) The special labor regime for lawyers in law firms in Spain.

Ambient and force vibration tests carried out on a steel-deck interior bay are presented.  This bay is supported on joist and girders. The modelling of the steel-deck interior bay was detailed, the concrete was meshed with 3D solid finite elements, the deck with shell finite elements, beams and columns with frame finite elements and the welded steel mesh with bar finite elements. The numerical models are validated with the natural frequency and accelerations registered for human induced activities in experimental tests. A parametric study of the variables which affects the natural frequency and acceleration in steel-deck systems under human induced activities is caried out. The studied variables are: steel-deck gauge, concrete thickness above the top of the steel deck, joist spacing, bay size, increment on the moment of inertia of joist, girders and columns, increment of the elastic modulus of the concrete and the use of lightweight concrete in the slab. As a result of the parametric study, the variables with greater influence in the natural frequency are the thickness of the concrete slab, joist and girder spacing, but the steel-deck gauge has no influence on it. To reduce the acceleration induced by human activities, it is recommended the increment on the moment of inertia of joist, the increment of the thickness of the concrete slab but with lightweight concrete and the increment of the elastic modulus of the concrete. It is demonstrated that other modes, different to the fundamental one, have greater influence in the response under human-induced activities. 

The Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC) is the instrument that regulates building construction activity, and its purpose is to guarantee good engineering practices in Ecuador. The country is located in an area of high seismicity, as evidenced by the 7.8 (Mw) earthquake that in 2016 greatly affected several towns on the Ecuadorian coast. Based on these events, the process of updating the NEC is currently being carried out and this article presents some proposals to the chapter on Geotechnics and Foundations. The most important changes that are being considered for the update are analyzed, referring to the conformation of the geotechnical model, the safety verification of the foundations (superficial and deep), soil improvement, retaining structures, construction procedure, and seismic considerations. One of the most important changes being proposed is the inclusion of the load and resistance factor design philosophy (LRFD) for verifying the failure and service states of structures in contact with any type of geomaterial. In addition, the proposal to include the determination of the dynamic parameters of the soil for purposes of site response analysis within the chapter on geotechnics and foundations, including field and laboratory tests, is analyzed, which is not established in the current version of the NEC, whose publication is from the year 2015.