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ISSN: 2310-2799

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546,196 artículos

Año: 2015
ISSN: 2215-3896, 1409-2158
Molina-Murillo, Sergio A.
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica

Año: 2015
ISSN: 2215-3608, 1021-7444
Rodríguez-González, Shirley; Schneider, Sergio; Coelho-de-Souza, Gabriela
Universidad de Costa Rica
The aim of this study was to analyze the importance of changing the conventional food system to achieve food and nutritional security, as well as rural development. This text was divided into three sections. In the first one, the conventional food system and its consequences were characterized, showing the need for a change that seeks the integration of social, environmental, and health dimensions. The second part addressed the interventions related to the food supply system made by the Government, which are fundamental to achieve food and nutrition security, as well as to promote development processes in rural areas. Finally, the experience of Brazil’s National School Feeding Programme was presented. That program links food produced by small producers with the National School Feeding Program, allowing the reconnection of production and consumers through institutional markets. That link created incentives for food and nutrition security of small farmers and, at the same time, improved the availability of higher- quality food for vulnerable populations and promotedeating patterns that allow the preservation of food culture.
Año: 2015
ISSN: 2215-3608, 1021-7444
Martínez, Rafael; Tadeo-Robledo, Margarita; Piña del Valle, Ángel; Espinosa, Alejandro; Solano, Ana María
Universidad de Costa Rica
Four new double-cross hybrids and 16 triple-cross hybrids were evaluated and compared with triple-cross commercial hybrids H-135, A- 791, PUMA 1157 and PUMA 1159, and double-cross H-137, during the 1996 spring-summer season. The purpose was to offer new and better options to producers in the Bajio and Highland Transitional Zones in Mexico (1800-2200 m.a.s.l.). Analysis of variance showed highly significant statistical differences for almost all variables for which the genotype factor was studied, and non-significant differences for repetitions. Nine triple-cross hybrids yielded between 8 and 12 t/ha, a greater yield than that of the rest of the hybrids (double and triple crosses), and also greater than that of the controls. The triple-cross UHT96E410 hybrid stood out yielding 12,4 t/ha in 77 days between sowing and tasseling. The triple-cross control A-791 followed, yielding 8.6 t/ha in 99 days between sowing and tasseling; UHT96E410 grew up to 209 cm in height. Five of the controls showed heights of over 230 cm. These new hybrids stood out for their superior yield and favorable agronomic traits, offering farmers in the transitional zones of Mexico a broader variety of options.
Año: 2015
ISSN: 2215-3608, 1021-7444
Acosta, Jorge; Acosta-Gallegos, Efraín; Padilla, Saúl; Goytia, María Antonieta; Rosales, Rigoberto; López, Ernesto
Universidad de Costa Rica
Since its inception in 1980, the breeding project for adaptation to drought has been based on crop phenology (escape or matching between biological cycle and water availability), and seed yield in multilocational trials under water stress conditions. For yield evaluation, bean genotypes were grouped on the basis of similar growth habits and phenology. Selection of segregating families according to adaptation to drought was postponed up until the F4 generation or subsequent ones, using incomplete block designs. Selection in early generations was based on moderate to high heretability traits such as biological cycle, grain phenology (color, size, shine), and reaction to diseases. Eight improved Durango bean varieties that are tolerant to temporary water deficits (Pinto Villa, Pinto Mestizo, Pinto Bayacora, Negro Altiplano, Negro Sahuatoba, Negro Durango, Bayo Victoria, and Azufrado Namiquipa) have been given to bean producers from Mexico’s semi-arid highlands. In 1998 seeds of two new varieties (Pinto Zapata and Flor de Mayo 2000) will be increased and registered. Their main traits are: type III indeterminate growth habits, short biological cycle, fast transition from vegetative to reproductive phase, and high yield rates.
Año: 2015
ISSN: 2215-3608, 1021-7444
Hernández, Adrián; Ramos, René; Sánchez, Jesús
Universidad de Costa Rica
Astudy was carried out during 1993-1995 at the Liliana Dimitrova Horticultural Research Institute in La Habana, Cuba in order to evaluate the efficiency of cassava-bean intercropping (Manihot esculenta Crantz-Phaseolus vulgaris), and to determine the most adequate topological arrangement. The research was performed on red ferrous compacted soil. 1.4-m beds, and a randomized block design with four repetitions were used. Nine treatments were tested at three different planting times and with three different spatial distributions; control monocrops were also studied. The best topological arrangement for cassava was when it was planted at the bed center (28.3 t/ha), and beans were sowed twenty days later on both sides of the cassava. Beans also showed their best yield (1.53 t/ha) under this condition. A land use equivalent (LUE) of 1.01 – 1.85 was obtained when calculating all the combinations together.
Año: 2015
ISSN: 2215-3608, 1021-7444
Hernández, Germán; Sánchez, Mercedes; Toscano, Vidalina; Méndez, Nancy; Mullings, Miguel
Universidad de Costa Rica
Strains of Rhizobium CR 113; CR 477; CF-1 (equal to CIAT 151); 6bIII; 2bIII and HbI, along with noninoculated and non-nitrogenated treatments – 30 kg/ha N without inoculation and high N, 150 kg/ha N – in three environments in the Pinar del Rio, Matanzas and Holguin provinces were validated in three types of soil: ferrous quartzitic, ferrous red, and non- carbonated brown with a low total nitrogen content (less than 65kg/ha N). The BAT 58 bean variety was used. Production of aerial and nodular dry matter during the development phase (R6), production of aerial dry matter and total nitrogen consumption in the (R8) phase, and bean production in the (R9) phase, were quantified. Results showed a lower significant difference in the treatments without inoculation, as compared to the treatments with high nitrogen content and 30kg/ha N plus seed inoculation. No difference was found between the treatment with high N applications, and the ones inoculated with Rhizobium strains plus 30 kg/ha.
Año: 2015
ISSN: 2215-3608, 1021-7444
Morales-Maldonado, Emilio Raymundo; Casanova-Lugo, Fernando
Universidad de Costa Rica
The objective of this paper was to review the mixtures of organic and inorganic materials used in the preparation of a new material, particle size, proportion, and their response in plant. In Mexico, agricultural waste is considered as a pollutant reservoir; however, from another perspective, this represents an industry with great potential. The nutrients ingested by animals represent nutriments available for plants when properly recycled. An option that minimizes the risk of contamination and improves its quality is the production of compost and vermicompost. Both processes are an alternative to organic production. A material by itself does not meet the optimum conditions. Reducing the volume of an organic material increases compaction and compression of roots, affecting the efficiency of irrigation and fertilization, so it is necessary to make mixtures with inorganic materials, that is used in the development of a new material for better growing conditions of the plant.
Año: 2015
ISSN: 2215-3608, 1021-7444
Hernández, Adrián; Ramos, René; Sánchez, Jesús; Rodríguez, Odile
Universidad de Costa Rica
This research was carried out at the Liliana Dimitrova Horticultural Research Institute, located in Quivicán, La Habana, Cuba. Cassava genotypes (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were combined in order to determine the efficiency of these combinations for weed control. The cassava clones used were ‘Señorita’, ‘INVIT 92-1’ and ‘CMC-40’, and the bean varieties were ‘CAP-30’, ‘BAT-304’, and ‘CC 25-9 R’. Cassava was planted in 1.40 m and 0.70 m beds between plants, and beans were sowed 15 days later 35 cm away on each side of the cassava. A randomized block design was used with four repetitions. Results showed a decrease in the amount of weeds in the different intercropping combinations, as compared to weeds in monocrops. Combinations where the ‘BAT-304’ and ‘CC 25-9 R’ bean varieties were used showed greater weed control than the ‘CAP-30’ variety, thus proving the effectiveness of these systems.
Año: 2015
ISSN: 2215-3608, 1021-7444
Palma-Jiménez, Melissa; Blanco-Meneses, Mónica
Universidad de Costa Rica
The aim of this work was to determine the methodology for an adequate conditioning for the cleaning of mealybugs specimens and its correct observation. This work was done in the laboratory of the Research Center in Microscopic Structures (CIEMIC) of the University of Costa Rica, in 2012. Four types of methodologies were implemented, which evidenced a gradual improvement of the observation of the ultrastructures through the Scanning Electron Microscopy. Every process was described in detail. The best results were showed with 10% xylene (in some cases it was feasible using 95-100% ethanol). It allowed to remove the wax from the body of the insect, avoiding its collapse, and observing the specific ultrastructures of the individual. This approach will reduce the time and cost of future taxonomic research of mealybugs.
Año: 2015
ISSN: 2215-3608, 1021-7444
Rodríguez, Odile; Faure, Benito; Benitez, Roberto; Carballo, Rita M.; Capote, Jeny
Universidad de Costa Rica
An experiment was carried out at the Lilliana Dimitrova Horticultural Research Institute in order to evaluate several advanced lines from the National Hybridization Program, and from the Nursery of Regional Resistance Sources of common bean, which were springled with Xanthomonas campestris (Xcp 530) – a highly aggressive bacterial strain. Fifteen varieties with intermediate resistance to the bacteria were selected. The CUT54, XAN 280, and 9356-26 lines were outstanding, showing better results than the control BAT 93.

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