Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objetivo: describir el nivel de incertidumbre de adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 atendidos en instituciones prestadoras de serviciosde salud en Cartagena (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo a partir de una muestra de 163 pacientes que tuvierancomo mínimo dos meses de haber sido diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El instrumento utilizado fue la escala de la Incertidumbreante la enfermedad de Mishel y para el análisis de los datos fue utilizado el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 20.0. Resultados:del total de participantes 76,1 % mostraron un nivel de incertidumbre regular. El fenómeno de la incertidumbre está más relacionado conla incapacidad para identificar si ha mejorado o no (86,5 %), de predecir o explicar la causa de un malestar físico (76,7 %) o predecir elcambio de los síntomas (60,1 %). Conclusiones: para enfermería, abarcar este fenómeno permite una mejor aproximación al análisisde los desafíos y las expectativas de quienes viven con una enfermedad crónica y así proporcionar cuidados que permitan un proceso deadaptación óptimo, que apoyen y enriquezcan la práctica enfermera.DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2015.15.2.5

Este estudo objetivou descrever uma prática de enfermagem com a implementação do Processo de Enfermagem, elaborado de acordocom as necessidades de conforto do paciente com insuficiência cardíaca em condição domiciliar e teve como referencial a Teoria doConforto de Kolcaba, com vista a proporcionar conforto ao paciente. Trata-se de estudo de caso clínico. A coleta dos dados ocorreu pormeio de formulário, escala de conforto, entrevista, anamnese, exame físico e observação, com um paciente assistido pelo Programa deAcompanhamento Domiciliar de um hospital público estadual, localizado em Fortaleza (Ceará, Brasil), em julho de 2013. Para cada contextoonde se produz conforto, segundo Kolcaba —físico, ambiental, sociocultural e psicoespiritual—, listaramse os diagnósticos de enfermagemrelacionados às necessidades de conforto, os resultados esperados (alívio, tranquilidade e/ou transcendência) e as intervenções/ações pertinentes ao seu alcance. Concluiuse que a aplicação do Processo de Enfermagem, baseado na Teoria de Kolcaba, proporcionouconforto e melhoria na qualidade de vida do paciente no domicílio. DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2015.15.1.11

Objective: Verify what new mothers know about lactational amenorrhea (LAM) as a method of contraception. Materials and Method: This is a transversal study conducted between February and May 2012 with 278 postpartum patients at a maternity unit in Fortaleza (Ceara, northeastern Brazil). Results: It was found that 131 (47.1%) of the women had heard about LAM, including 58 (44.3%) who stated they knew about it before pregnancy and 56 (42.7%) who learned of it during the prenatal stage; 94 (71.6%) do not believe it is effective and 100 (76.3%) were unaware of the criteria for using it safely. Forty-three (32.8%) of the postpartum women in the sample learned about LAM from, relatives or acquaintances; that is, informally, and 71 (54.1%) stated they had received no guidance on LAM from health professionals. Conclusions: Gaps in what mothers know have led to limited use and misuse of LAM. The study also brings to light the high percentage of postpartum patients who lack guidance from health professionals.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify satisfaction with pain management in hospitalized patients and how it relates to the intensity of pain, relief and the guidance provided to the patient for postoperative pain management. Study Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive/correlational study featuring systematic random sampling in a group of 193 patients. The Pain Intensity Questionnaire and a fact sheet were used. Results: In all, 48.2% of the participants reported severe pain as the most pain experienced during the first 24 hours. With regard to pain relief, 77.7% had adequate management and 85.5% received preoperative guidance. Satisfaction was at 9.54 (SD = 1.08). There was a significant difference in patient satisfaction, depending on whether or not the patient received guidance (t = 71.23, p = 0.001). Satisfaction was greater among those who received guidance (M = 9.65) (SD = 0.84). Patient satisfaction with pain management is determined by maximum postoperative pain and the preoperative guidance received for its management (R2 = 0.17, p = 0.000). Conclusions: Appropriate management of pain in postoperative patients who are hospitalized requires assessing of the level of pain at the appropriate time and offering guidance to the patient. These are fundamental aspects in which nursing plays a vital role and are key to increasing satisfaction.

Los adolescentes con mayor probabilidad de presentar la conducta de consumo de alcohol son los que están sometidos a diferentesfactores de riesgo, los cuales pueden ser personales; dentro de estos factores se encuentra la historia familiar de consumo de alcohol(HFCA). Objetivo: establecer las diferencias y la relación entre el factor personal sociocultural a través de la HFCA y la conducta no saludablede consumo de alcohol en adolescentes de preparatoria del Estado de Nuevo León. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivocorrelacional, la población estuvo conformada por 743 adolescentes de preparatoria, la muestra fue de 240, con un poder del 90 %. Muestreoaleatorio estratificado con asignación proporcional al tamaño del estrato. Dentro de cada estrato se empleó muestreo aleatorio porconglomerados unietápicos. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Inventario de HFCA y el Cuestionario de Identificación de los Trastornosdebidos al Consumo de Alcohol. Resultados: los adolescentes con HFCA positiva fueron quienes presentaron mayores prevalenciasde conducta no saludable (consumo de alcohol); asimismo, el tipo de consumo de alcohol dependiente y dañino presentó esta misma tendencia observándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05). Cuando se analiza la conducta de consumo de alcohol enlos adolescentes se identificó una relación positiva y significativa (rs = 0,196, p < 0,01), lo que indica que a mayor consumo de alcoholpor parte de los padres, se presenta un mayor consumo por parte del hijo adolescente.DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2015.15.2.6

En el 2002, la Facultad de Enfermería de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador introdujo la enseñanza de la práctica basada en evidencia científica en el Proyecto de Reforma Curricular y Diversificación de Carreras y una década después se analiza la eficacia de su implementación. Objetivo:  realizar una aproximación exploratoria sobre las creencias, las oportunidades de implementación y el apoyo que la institución y su cultura organizativa dan a la formación de enfermería basada en evidencia (EBE). Materiales y métodos: estudio exploratorio cualitativo y cuantitativo. Universo: 18 profesores y 77 estudiantes. Instrumento: dos encuestas (escala Likert) para profesores y estudiantes. Resultados:  las encuestas fueron analizados con la diferente estratificación de datos: docentes, estudiantes, los cinco pasos del método EBE y otros criterios. Se aplicó media ponderada; ANOVA de uno y dos factores, con un nivel de significancia α  = 0,05; y la prueba de comparaciones múltiples de Tukey-Kramer. Discusión:  es contradictorio el hallazgo relacionado con una alta valoración sobre creencias referidas a la EBE, pero esta valoración no se le otorga a la implementación de cambios en la práctica o enseñanza basados en EBE, al comparar las respuestas de ambos grupos. Conclusión:  la percepción de docentes y estudiantes según las dimensiones de creencias e implementación de la EBE resultó muy similar en ambos grupos. La dimensión de la cultura organizacional fue diferente y resultó más severa la percepción de los docentes.doi: 10.5294/aqui.2015.15.4.9

Objective: Determine the validity and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the "Self-Efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea (SEMSA) designed by Weaver et al. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive methodological study that determined facial and content validity with a panel of experts and a bilingual scholar. The construct validity and internal consistency sample was comprised of 151 patients with sleep apnea- hypopnea syndrome who were using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as treatment. Results: Facial validity showed a higher rate of acceptability in all three categories evaluated. As for content validity, 23 items had a satisfactory level of acceptability and the remaining four were subject to change. Exploratory factor analysis of construct validity identified three factors with 52.2% total variance explained. Internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha test was 0.90 for the total scale and 0.84 for each major dimension. Discussion: Total variance explained was higher compared to the original study, and Cronbach’s alpha was similar in both the total and dimensional scale. Conclusion: The Self-Efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea - valid and homogeneous in the Colombian urban context - is an important and objective tool to gauge the prospects for patients with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome compared to the associated risks, the benefit of the treatment and compliance in the use of positive pressure (CPAP), despite the perceived barriers.

Objective: Understand, from a family perspective, how the environments where a blind child lives influence his or her (in) dependence. Method: A qualitative study was conducted during the second half of 2011 with ten mothers of blind children who were attending a supplementary education center for the visually impaired. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and examined through thematic analysis. Interpretation: A blind child´s potential for independence is greater in the home environment. There, the child performs his or her daily activities without assistance. As for the atmosphere at conventional schools, the family indicated blindness can jeopardize blind children’s teaching and learning process and their schooling. The family is organized to help the child with homework so he/she can keep up with the others in school. However, the family said these children are discriminated against at school because of their blindness. Conclusions: Home and school environments are support systems and influence human independence. Accordingly, they need to be reconsidered and reorganized to favor the blind child. It is the responsibility of nurses to provide the family and school professionals with proper guidance. This includes training the blind child in self-care, mobility and to function socially, so as to make their interdependence possible.

Introduction: Many people in the world suffer a stroke and it is the leading cause of death. Survivors may encounter disabilities and be subject to changes in their daily activities. The family is the main source of support for a stroke survivor and, because it is part of the same culture, the family constructs actions for care in pursuit of well-being. Objective: This research was designed to describe the sort of traditional care families generally provide to elderly survivors of a first stroke. Method: It is an ethnographic study featuring participant observation and in-depth interviews. Seven families from Bogotá took part (seven seniors between two and ten months after their first stroke and their seven respective primary caregivers). Results: The caregivers and the elderly adults in question share actions for recovery related to food, personal care and medication intake that are permeated by religious beliefs, a source of support and bonding. Conclusion: Understanding the type of traditional care provided by this population makes it possible to propose action that is culturally congruent with their values and beliefs, so as to empower the capacity of families and mediate in treatment processes.

Objective: Identify the behavior of people with kidney transplants, using the critical incident technique. Method: This is a qualitative, descriptive study based on the critical incident technique. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and the socioeconomic profile of the respondents was associated with the identified critical incidents. There were 20 participants: ten men and ten women. Results: The results showed the occurrence of 141 behavioral responses (108 positive and 33 negative) related to the care adopted with respect to health, daily activities and living with a kidney transplant. Conclusions: Application of the critical incident technique provided data about the way a kidney transplant influences certain behavior in a person’s life, both positively and negatively.