Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Estuarine systems are the most important natural aquatic resources because, from the perspective of the fish community, they include a large number of individuals and biomass, where larvae and juveniles are especially abundant. Thanks to the implementation of Ichthyoplanktonic studies, the areas of concentration of adults in reproductive stage and potentially exploitable species are detected and evaluated, generating the basis for establishing measures for rational use and conservation. This paper analyzes the composition of fish larvae in the lagoon El Quelele in Bahia de Banderas, Nayarit. 20 daytime superficial zooplanktonic trawls were conducted by using a standard “Zeppelin” net seasonally from spring to winter 2002. From the 20 samples obtained, larvae density was 573.51 org/1000 m3. Its ichthyoplanktonic group was represented by 11 families with 12 genres and 10 species, where Engraulis mordax (40.21 %), Eucinostomus sp. (22.68 %), Trachurus sp. (15.46 %) and Dormitator latifrons (13.14 %) presented greater percentage of relative abundance, while in the rest of the organisms, relative abundance was represented between 7.47 to 0.25 %. Regarding temporal variation, the highest relative abundance was presented in fall with 44.74 and the lowest during the winter with 4.85 %, with moderate average temperature records of 29.1 and 30.8 °C respectively, and low salinity (24.2 psu). While spatial variation was better represented in site 3 with relative abundance 29.41 % and site 4 with the lower value during the study period (9.2 %) at temperatures ranging from 22 °C to 35 °C and salinity of 24 psu to 34 psu. On the other hand, in spring and fall they showed greater diversity, greater richness and therefore these are the seasons with greatest equity in summer and winter. Cluster analysis applied to the species-variable sampling sites showed greater similarity or affinity between sites 3 ​​and 5 (72.2 %), similarly, variables season – species along the year showed affinity of 60.52 % between spring and fall, while in summer and winter they showed no affinity with the rest of the seasons. The spatial and temporary variations in temperature, salinity and abundance of ichthyoplankton indicate that larvae abundance is strongly related with the seasonal influence pattern which has influenced, at the same time, in the reproductive cycle of these species.

Estuarine systems are the most important aquatic natural resources of the nation from various perspectives; fisheries use them mainly through studies that allow the detection and evaluation of the areas of concentration of adults on reproduction phase and potentially exploitable species. This present paper analyzes the spatial and temporal variation of the abundance of zooplankton groups in the Estuary El Salado, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. Eight zooplanktonic trawls were conducted during diurnal periods from spring to winter 2001, trawls were superficial, lasting ten minutes, by using a standard “Zeppelin” net with a mesh size of 505 µm with a length of 1.50 m mouth width of 0.60 m which was equipped with a digital flow meter to calculate the volume of filtered water, abundance data were normalized to a volume of 1000 m3. The total catch was 101,968.4 organisms, represented in eleven groups, the brachyurans were the most important group in the order of abundance accounting for 44.5 %, followed by 24.1 % in chaetognaths, decapod with 6.78 %, euphausiids with 11.84 %, and less abundant copepods with 6.18 %, 3.37 % siphonophores small jellyfish, stomatopods 2.83 %, 0.22 % amphipods, cladocerans with 0.33 %, 0.08 % gastropods and finally rare organisms with 0.02 % (appendicular, polychaetes and cumaceans). Variations in both spatial and temporal abundance were influenced by tidal conditions as well as variations in temperature and salinity. All registered major zooplankton groups abundances were homogeneous in the four seasonal periods, however spring was characterized by low abundance, while for summer and winter, the highest values recorded were represented mainly by the Brachyura order, and those abundances were associated with two reproductive periods in both seasons.

 Revista Bio ciencias, Año 6, Vol.3, No.3, febrero 2015-julio 2015, Publicación semestral editada por la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Ciudad de la Cultura “Amado Nervo” Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, México. Teléfono: 311 2118800, Ext.8922. Correo electrónico: revistabiociencias@gmail.com, http://revistabiociencias.uan.mx. Editor responsable: Dr. Manuel Iván Girón Pérez. No. de Reserva de derechos al uso exclusivo 04-2010-101509412600-203, ISSN 2007-3380, ambos otorgados por el Instituto Nacional de Derechos de Autor. Responsable de la última actualización de este número, Infraestructura Académica Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ing. Luis Eduardo Flores López, edificio COMPLEX Ciudad de la Cultura “Amado Nervo” Col. Los Fresnos, C.P. 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, México.La opinión expresada en los artículos firmados es responsabilidad del autor. Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial de los contenidos e imágenes, siempre y cuando se cite la fuente y no sea con fines de lucro.Revista Bio Ciencias de la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, se encuentra bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Unported. 

The current issue of Revista Bio Ciencias is conformed by eight articles that address varied topics, such as the potential microbiological contamination in vegetables, plants and crops with medical and livestock prpoerties, biotechnological strategies in aquaculture, resistance to plagues and hydric balance in zones with high risk of margination.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae activated autolyzed yeast, and β -glucans in the diet of male Cryphiops caementarius on total and differential counts of hemocytes. 24 male shrimp captured in the Pativilca River of 7.05 ± 1.09 g and 5.9 ± 0.43 cm were used. The shrimp were kept in individual cultivation systems. Three experimental diets (3 % activated yeast, 3 % autolyzed yeast and 0.6 % β -glucans) and a control diet with six replications were used. The total number of hemocytes (33.05 x 105 cell mL-1) was significantly higher (p<0.05) at 30 days with activated yeast than with autolyzed yeast (18.54 x 105 cell mL-1) and with ß-glucans (14.53 x 105 cell mL-1). Semigranulocytes and granulocytes hemocytes were significantly higher (p<0.05) at 15 days (14.38 x 105 cell mL-1) and 30 days (18.91 x 105 cell mL-1), respectively with activated yeast. The hyalinocytes decreased with the experimental diets and the atypical hemocytes almost disappear with activated and autolyzed yeast. The results demonstrate that the activated yeast in the diet of male shrimp improves the number hemocytes.

This research was carried out at La Represa Experimental Farm, property of the State Technical University of Quevedo and at the Cocoa Quality Lab, belonging to EET-Pichilingue-INIAP for a period of four months (February–January 2013). The objective was to characterize the physical – chemical attributes of beans and sensory attributes of paste /pasta in fifteen clones of cocoa, being twelve of type Nacional and three  witnesses (batons) (CCN-51, EET-103 e IMC-67). A completely randomized design with three repetitions was used. The studied variables were: seed and cob index, number of beans, 100 seed weight, head pH and percentage. For chemical evaluation fat, energy, and ash were registered. Sensory attributes (flavors, acidity, bitterness, astringency, and sweetness; cocoa, floral, fruits, nuts, and other flavors were evaluated using a 0 to 5 ordinal scale, besides raw/green and mold defects. Principal Components Analysis was made. The highest cob index was shown by DIRCYT-C129 (34.36 g); DIRCYT-C103 showed higher seed index (1.65 g.), concerning the 100 seed weight and fat content, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found, although CCN–51 was a little higher (41.44%).  Concerning physical attributes, clones EET-103, CCN-51 y IMC-67 were better. All the clones showed similar chemical characteristics. DIRCYT-C225 presented the best sensory profile “Arriba or floral flavor” with high potentiality for chocolate industry.

An evaluation of the nutritional composition of six tree shrubs (Palo de Brasil, Barba de chivo, Huamúchil, Tlaxistle negro y Cubata) consumed by goats was carried out In Maninalcingo and Tehuaxtla communities, located in Mixteca region, Puebla, Mexico, during the rainy season. Three family production units, where leaves, flowers and fruits were collected, were analyzed. In order to compare average hourly bite and the part of the plant consumed by goats Tukey test was applied together with descriptive statistics, the latter to determine the dispersion among bromatological components of the different parts of each plant in the total population of tree shrubs evaluated. The samples were constituted of 200 green weight grams (dehydrated after). Organic matter (MO), ash (Ce) and raw protein (PB) were obtained AOCA technique (1997). For the case of neutral detergent fiber (DDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA) and lignin (Lig.) Van Soest method was used. Results show that Huamúchil (Pithecellobium dulce) mixed with leaf and sheath had a better PB rate (18.3% ±1.08), being the best PB rate (14.4% ± 0.42) for Tehuistle (Acacia bilimekii var. Robusta Miranda) leaf fraction and 94.4%±1.02 in MO. Huamuchil mixed with leaf and sheath showed also the highest rate of Ce (12.3±0.88), while the mixture of Cubata sheath and rind achieved 52.7%±1.8 and 49.8%±1.04 of FDN y FDA, respectively. In the case of lignin, Tehuiste leaf achieved 18.4%±0.98.

The bacterium causing anaplasmosis in cattle is known as Anaplasma marginale. It is mainly transmitted biologically by ticks, flies, and fomites; it can also be transmitted through infected blood as a result of improper use of surgical tools. Up to this moment, Ecuador lacks updated studies on efficient procedures for specific A. marginale diagnosis and eradication through the control of these insects, therefore it is necessary to develop and implement proposals related to the use of this molecular tool for potential vectors of transmission of this disease in cattle. For this work, DNA was extracted efficiently by the method of Salting Out. A total of 255 samples were analyzed by Nested PCR, distributed as follows |108| Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, |85| bovine, from these, the 13.46% and 85.48% were positive for rickettsia, the samples of Amblyomma spp |62| all were negative. The total Kappa index of infested cattle against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus|, was not significant (0.28). Subsequently,the presence or absence of disease which was determined by χ2 (p = 0.66) does not depend on the location from where the cattle comes

The performance of via dry (DVS) and acid microwave assisted digestion methods (DAAM) was evaluated in the analysis of sugar cane leaf samples. The usual laboratory detection techniques were evaluated [P: visible molecular absorption spectrometry (UV-VIS); K: emission atomic spectrometry (AES); Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn: Flame atomic absorption spectrometry] respect to the Total reflection X ray fluorescence technique (TXRF), for the results obtained by two digestion methods. Digestion methods accuracy and precision was determined through the use of two certified samples: plant tissue n°6 and n°11 (Accreditation and Normalization Commission – Chilean Society of Soil Science) P determination via TXRF reported better results with respect to UV–VIS in sugar cane leaf samples. Digestion methods showed accurate and precise results for Ca when using FAAS or TXRF. For Zn and Cu deviations and variances, associated to the low sample concentration and relation to reagent blank were found. In general, accuracy and precision are related mainly with the concentration range of each element in samples, and with the quantification limit. Regarding analytical performance, no significant differences were found for both digestion methods. Via TXRF detection presents lower analytical efficiency in accuracy and precision, but  better performance with regard to time for analysis.